unit 5 grammar compulsory reference material - indirect speech
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Indirect Speech:Tense Changes
Rumors and Gossip
10
Focus on Grammar 4Part X, Unit 26By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ WellsCopyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.`
Larisa said that the new teacher had givenhad given all the
students an A last semester.
Larisa said that the new teacher had givenhad given all the
students an A last semester.
Really! Viktor told me that
students could eatcould eat in his class.
Really! Viktor told me that
students could eatcould eat in his class.
No, what is it?No, what is it?
Rumors and GossipRumors and Gossip
Have you heard the latest gossip
about the new teacher?
Have you heard the latest gossip
about the new teacher?
Wow! Yeah, I heard he waswas
an easy teacher.
Wow! Yeah, I heard he waswas
an easy teacher.
Maria said that the new teacher didn’t givedidn’t give any
homework.
Maria said that the new teacher didn’t givedidn’t give any
homework.
Indirect Speech 1Indirect Speech 1
When the reporting verb is in the simple past, the verb tense in the indirect speech statement often changes.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present
Present Progressive
Simple Past Tense
Present Perfect
Simple PastSimple Past
Past ProgressivePast Progressive
Past PerfectPast Perfect
Past Perfect
Examples 1Examples 1
“The teacher
isis strict.”
“The teacher
isis strict.”
She said the teacher waswas strict.
She said the teacher waswas strict.
“The teacher is givingis giving
everyone an A.”
“The teacher is givingis giving
everyone an A.”
He said the
teacher was was
givinggiving everyone
an A.
He said the
teacher was was
givinggiving everyone
an A.
Examples 2Examples 2
“Somebody putput the final exam on the
Internet.”
“Somebody putput the final exam on the
Internet.”
She said somebody had puthad put the final exam
on the Internet.
She said somebody had puthad put the final exam
on the Internet.
“The teacher has gradedhas graded
our grammar
tests.”
“The teacher has gradedhas graded
our grammar
tests.”
Joe said the teacher had had gradedgraded our
grammar tests.
Joe said the teacher had had gradedgraded our
grammar tests.
Practice 1Practice 1
1. “The library isis closed.” He said…
2. “We have registeredhave registered for classes.” They said…
3. “She gotgot an A on the test.” You said…
Change the direct speech into indirect speech.
“My friend is helpingis helping me study.” She said…She said…
Example:
She said her friend was helpingwas helping her study.
He said the library was closedwas closed.
They said they had registeredhad registered for classes.
You said she had gottenhad gotten an A on the test.
Indirect Speech 2Indirect Speech 2
Modals often change in indirect speech.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
will
can
may
must
wouldwould
couldcould
mightmight
had tohad to
Examples 1Examples 1
“The test will bewill be
difficult.”
“The test will bewill be
difficult.”
He said the test would bewould be
difficult.
He said the test would bewould be
difficult.
She said we could usecould use our notes
on the test.
She said we could usecould use our notes
on the test.
“You can can useuse your notes on the test.”
“You can can useuse your notes on the test.”
Examples 2Examples 2
She said we had to studyhad to study hard for the final exam.
She said we had to studyhad to study hard for the final exam.
“You must must studystudy hard for the final
exam.”
“You must must studystudy hard for the final
exam.”
“We may may havehave a
substitute teacher.”
“We may may havehave a
substitute teacher.”
She said we might havemight have a
substitute teacher.
She said we might havemight have a
substitute teacher.
Practice 2Practice 2
1. “We’ll help’ll help you with your homework.” They said…
2. “Anna must finishmust finish her paper.” He said…
3. “She may takemay take a different class.” You said…
Change the direct speech into indirect speech.
“You can relaxcan relax about the exam.” She said…
Example:
She said I could relaxcould relax about the exam.
They said they would helpwould help me with my homework.
He said Anna had to finishhad to finish her paper.
You said she might takemight take a different class.
Indirect Speech 3Indirect Speech 3
The following modals do not change in indirect speech: should, could, might, and ought to.
“You shouldn’t shouldn’t telltell this
secret to anyone.”
“You shouldn’t shouldn’t telltell this
secret to anyone.”
She said I shouldn’t tellshouldn’t tell this secret to
anyone.
She said I shouldn’t tellshouldn’t tell this secret to
anyone.
“You ought ought to tellto tell this to
a friend.”
“You ought ought to tellto tell this to
a friend.”
!!!! He said I ought to tellought to tell
this to a friend.
He said I ought to tellought to tell
this to a friend.
“I could have gottencould have gotten help from a tutor.”
“I could have gottencould have gotten help from a tutor.”
He said he could have could have gottengotten help from a tutor.
He said he could have could have gottengotten help from a tutor.
He said if he had studied,had studied, he would have gottenwould have gotten an A.
He said if he had studied,had studied, he would have gottenwould have gotten an A.
“I thought I had chosenhad chosen the easy teacher.”
“I thought I had chosenhad chosen the easy teacher.”
“If I had studied,had studied, I would would have gottenhave gotten an A.”
“If I had studied,had studied, I would would have gottenhave gotten an A.”
He said he thought he had had chosenchosen the easy teacher.
He said he thought he had had chosenchosen the easy teacher.
Indirect Speech 4Indirect Speech 4
The following do not change in indirect speech: the past perfect, the present and past unreal conditional, and past modals.
Practice 3Practice 3
1. “If I knew,knew, I would tellwould tell you.” She said…
2. “I might have knownmight have known the test was difficult.” He said…
3. “She had hadhad had that teacher before.” We said…
Change the direct speech into indirect speech.
“We ought to studyought to study some more.” He said…
Example:
He said we ought to studyought to study some more.
She said if she knewknew,, she would tellwould tell me.
He said he might have knownmight have known the test was difficult.
We said she had hadhad had that teacher before.
ReferencesReferences
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.