Las Delicias, El Salvador

Water Supply ProjectImplementation Proposal Phase I

Trip Dates: May 2012Presented to TAC: March 7, 2012

Presentation Outline

• Overview of Las Delicias Community• Current Water Supply System and Challenges• Proposed Improvement to Water System– Phase I (May 2012)

• New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation• New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline

– Phase II (Fall 2012)• New pump• Improvements to distribution system

• Logistics and Implementation

Las Delicias, El Salvador

Las Delicias

Las Delicias, El Salvador• Community Facts

– ~600 homes, 2700 residents– 15 miles NW of San Salvador– On Western Slopes of Volcan San Salvador– Homes Spread Out, but Las Delicias is

Bordered by Several Similar Communities– Water Storage & Piping System installed 20

years ago With Water Delivery by Truck– Well and Pump Installed < 5 years ago– Residents are Poor (<$10/week income)– Community Well-Organized through Adesco

and NGOs (FIAT & FIMRC)– Able to spend about $5 per household on

water each month

Project History • Project FIAT and FIMRC have been active in Las Delicias for > 5 years• Initial Contact with Project FIAT

January 2009• Application to EWB-USA

March 2009• Project Approved

May 2009• Preliminary Assessment Visit

July 2009• First Assessment Trip

July 2010• Second Assessment Trip

November 2011

Map of Las Delicias Water System

DOWNHILL

Current Las Delicias Water Supply & Storage System

S u b m e r s i b l e p u m p

~ 7 0 mw e l l

B o o s t e r p u m p6 ' ' , 2 0 5 0 m , 7 L B

g r a d ee l . 1 7 4 0 '

1 2 0 m

T a n k 1 ,e l . 2 3 0 0 '

T a n k 3 ,e l . 2 2 0 0 '

3 ' ' , 5 7 0 m , 4 L B

4 ' ' , 5 3 0 m , 4 L B

2 6 0 '

C r u z e r o ,e l . 2 0 0 0 '

2 . 5 ' ' , 1 1 0 0 m , 7 L B

2 0 0 '

1 0 0 '

• Pump Runs 6 Hours a day 4 days/week ~ 26 hr/wk.

• Pump flow rate: 175-200 GPM.

260 Homes Served by Tanque 3

33 Homes Served

by Tanque 2291 Homes Served by Tanque 1

DOWNHILL

Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated

Summary of Existing Water SystemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS CURRENT FROM TANK 1 CURRENT FROM TANK 2 CURRENT FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 291 # homes = 33 # homes = 260# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1310 # people = 148.5 # people = 1170Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day 32,738 Demand gal/day 3,713 Demand gal/day 29,250

175 gal/min pump rate Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 11,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 18 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from spring from well

OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 2 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in

2011# Homes in 2007 from

map

Demand gallons

2011

Pipe Diameter

inches

Distance from map

meters

Supplied by Tanque # on map

via

TRAMO # from Tank 1

# Homes3 TRAMO # from Tank 2

# Homes5 TRAMO # from Tank 3

# Homes7

1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 3a 40 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 3b 18 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper 6 upper 37 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 6 lower 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 6a 6 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper 10 17 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower 11 19 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 4 13 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 5 20 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 12 10Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper 0 0 CallePrin Lower 32NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewNW 57NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower 0 0 NewSW 44

Challenges to Las Delicias Water Supply System• High electric cost

– Typical ADESCO revenue from water fee ~$2300/mo

– Typical monthly cost for water system ~$2000/mo (mostly electicity ~$1500/mo)

– Pumps run about 26 hr/wk– Not taking advantage of nightime off-peak

rates– Power factor on pumps leads to monthly fine

• Inequitable water distribution– Some homes report receiving water <1x/week

and low flowrates– “Valvulero” controls distribution via valves to

zones (“Tramo”) throughout community– Large number of new homes at low elevation

• Culture of scarcity where residents hoard water when it is flowing

• Water Quality:– Effectiveness of in-line chlorination is not clear

Electric BillMonthly Income for Las Delicias ADESCO

Water System Expenses

Alternatives Analysis Summary

• Drilling another well ($3500 for hydrogeological study)

• Solar power for pump (eliminated due to cost >$50K)

• Additional tank locations (three considered – current location on public land and co-located with current tank)

• VFD (variable frequency drive – does not add much efficiency)

Proposed Updates to Las Delicias Water System

• Objectives– Utilize existing and new tank at intermediate elevation to supply water to lower

half of Las Delicias– With new pump and supply line reduced electricity costs– Improved distribution system more equitable water supply to all homes

(especially at lower elevations)• Phase I (May 2012)

– New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation– New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline

• Phase II (Fall 2012)– New pump– Improvements to distribution system– Improving power factor for pump via capacitors?– Enabling pumping during nighttime to take advantage of lower rates

117 Homes Served by Tanque 3

33 Homes Served

by Tanque 2

154 Homes Served by Tanque 1

Proposed Water Distribution System

280 Homes Served by New Tank

DOWNHILL

Modified water systemOVERALL COMMUNITY OF LAS DELICIAS PROPOSED FROM NEW TANK ADJUSTED FROM TANK 1 ADJUSTED FROM TANK 3# homes = 584 430 Assumptions # homes = 280 # homes = 154 # homes = 117# people = 2628 1935 4.5 people/house # people = 1260 # people = 693 # people = 526.5Demand gal/day 65,700 48,375 25 gal/day Demand gal/day31,500 Demand gal/day 17,325 Demand gal/day 13,163

175 gal/min pump rate Tanks Volume 28,600 Tank Volume 35,000 Tank Volume 25,000 time to fill (h) 2.72 time to fill (h) 3.33 time to fill (h) 2.38 from well from well from well

OVERALL in 2011 from 2007 map WITH CONNECTION "B" Supplied by Tanque 1 Supplied by Tanque 3TRAMO # # Homes in

2011# Homes in 2007 from

map

Demand gallons

2011

Pipe Diameter

inches

Distance from map

meters

Supplied by Tanque # on map

via

Accessible?2

Tramo from

New with B

# Homes2 Tramo #2 Homes Tramo #3 Homes2

1 upper 15 22 1688 2 311 1 0 1 upper 15 0 01 lower 8 900 2 710 1 1 upper 0 1 lower 8 0 02 48 51 5400 2 546 1 1 upper 0 2 48 0 02a 7 6 788 1 137 1 2 0 2a 7 0 02b 25 27 2813 2 421 1 2a 0 2b 25 0 02c 9 8 1013 1 144 1 2 0 2c 9 0 03 42 37 4725 2 140 1 2 & 1 lower? 0 3 42 0 03a 40 46 4500 1.25 298 1 3 Yes 3a 40 0 0 0 03b 18 9 2025 1.25 160 1 3 Yes 3b 18 0 0 0 06 upper 37 29 4163 2 144 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 6 upper 37 0 0 0 06 lower 0 1 492 1 Yes 6 lower 0 0 0 0 06a 6 6 675 1 226 1 6 Yes 6a 6 0 0 0 010 17 16 1913 1.25 130 1 CallePrin Upper Yes 10 17 0 0 0 011 19 14 2138 1 342 1 CallePrin Lower Yes 11 19 0 0 0 04 13 4 1463 1 90 2 0 0 0 0 05 20 21 2250 2 979 2 0 0 0 0 07 upper 16 42 1800 2 429 3 0 0 0 7 upper 167 lower 42 4725 2 572 3 7 upper 0 0 0 7 lower 428 10 14 1125 1 362 3 7 upper 0 0 0 8 109 18 18 2025 2 455 3 7 lower 0 0 0 9 189a 2 1 225 0.5 125 3 9 0 0 0 9a 29b 7 9 788 1 236 3 9 0 0 0 9b 712 10 9 1125 1 232 3 CallePrin Lower Yes 12 10 0 0 0 0Calle Prin Upper 22 41 2475 2 468 3 7 lower 0 0 0 Calle Prin Upper 22CallePrin Lower 32 3600 2 377 3 CallePrin Upper Yes CallePrin Lower 32 0 0 0 0NewNW 57 6413 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewNW 57 0 0 0 0NewSW 44 4950 3 CallePrin Lower Yes NewSW 44 0 0 0 0

Summary of potential changes in water distribution system

CURRENT SYSTEM• Storage

– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal

• Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm, ~3 days per week

• Spring supplies water to Tanque 2 (and other tanques)

• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 2912. 333. 260

PROPOSED MODIFICATION• Storage

– Tanque 1: 35,000 gal– Tanque 2: 11,000 gal– Tanque 3: 25,000 gal– New Tank: 28,600 gal

• Current 65 HP Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm

• New pump supplies water to new tank at 175 gpm with much lower head

• Homes serviced by Tanques1. 1542. 333. 117New: 280

New tank reduces demand of water from Tanques 1&2 (which require high head) by roughly 50%

Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)

RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity

DOWNHILL

Exisiting 11,000

gallon tank

Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)

RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity

NEW

SUP

PLY

LINE

1

NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c

NEW DISTRIBUTION

LINE 2a

NEW

DI

STRI

BUTI

ON

LINE

2bNEW TANK

A

B

C

D

E

F

DOWNHILL

New Tank Design – Location and Coupling with Old Tank

Design of New Tank – 3D view of Block/Rebar construction

Tank Design response to J. Knight concerns

• Concrete block vs poured concrete. Block recommended by Daniel Rivera.

• Assumed strength of concrete (2000-3000 psi acceptable)

• Tank seal at base of wall

Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications)

RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump)BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity

NEW

SUP

PLY

LINE

1

NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c

NEW DISTRIBUTION

LINE 2a

NEW

DI

STRI

BUTI

ON

LINE

2bNEW TANK

A

B

C

D

E

F

DOWNHILL

Design of Additional Pipelines for- supplying water to tank- distributing water

636638640642644646648650652654656

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Elev

ation

(m)

Distance from Connection to Main Supply Pipe (m)

Profile of New Supply Pipe

ElevationA

B

C

105 m

240 m

D

638 m640 m

643 m

651 m

Elevation:640 m

655 m

Supply Pipe 1 Pipe Profile NEW TANK

Tee connect

to 6” pipe

Gate Valve

45° Elbow

90° Elbow with

anchorGate Valve

90° Elbow

90° Elbow

Pipe Exit

PIPE FITTINGS

Tee with Manual Air release valve

Tee with Manual drain valve

Road Crossing

Road Crossing

Estimate of head losses in supply pipe 1 (smooth PVC)

4” PVC sufficient to keep major and minor losses to <10% of the elevation change

Item 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/2" 4"D_pipe (in) 1.029 1.36 1.59 2.047 2.445 3.042 3.521 3.998D_pipe (m) 0.026 0.035 0.040 0.052 0.062 0.077 0.089 0.102A (m^2) 5.37E-04 9.37E-04 1.28E-03 2.12E-03 3.03E-03 4.69E-03 6.28E-03 8.10E-03A (cm^2) 5.37 9.37 12.81 21.23 30.29 46.89 62.82 80.99V (m/s) 20.50 11.74 8.59 5.18 3.63 2.35 1.75 1.36Re 5.36E+05 4.05E+05 3.47E+05 2.69E+05 2.26E+05 1.81E+05 1.57E+05 1.38E+05f 0.0117 0.0125 0.0130 0.0139 0.0145 0.0153 0.0159 0.0164

h_L major (m) 3593.8 955.5 454.9 137.0 58.9 20.9 10.4 5.7h_L minor (m) 267.7 87.7 47.0 17.1 8.4 3.5 2.0 1.2h_L major (% of z) 4667.3% 1240.9% 590.8% 177.9% 76.5% 27.1% 13.5% 7.4%h_L minor (% of z) 347.6% 113.9% 61.0% 22.2% 10.9% 4.6% 2.5% 1.5%

Supply Pipe 1 Trenching• Based on recommendations from EWB Water Resource Guidelines and

advice from Tony Sauder:– 70 cm trench depth (45 cm depth acceptable except in road crossing) with pipe

buried below 50 cm– 10 cm bedding (2-12 mm soil) if stones/rocks present in trench– Back-fill with soil that is free of lumps, from stones (>3 cm), and from organic matter– PVC pipe joined in trench and cure for >10 hr prior to pressurizing. Keep joints

exposed to check for leaks. Expansion joints not necessary– For road crossing, may bury PVC pipe inside steel or concrete pipe (ID > diameter of

PVC joints); final decision to be made in the field after evaluating potential for erosion

70 cm trench depth

10 cm bedding

10 cm

50 cm

Valve Boxes

• Design options– Obtain pre-cast valve boxes with lockable lids locally – Build from bricks and mortar with metal lids

• Specifications– 4” Pipe centered about 55 cm below ground level– Box should extend 10 cm above ground level– Internal dimensions roughly 45cmx45cm– Place support under valvePhotos of current valve boxes installed in Las Delicias

Thrust Anchors for Elbows &Tees

From Russ Turner, Tetratech

Summary of May 2012 Implementation

Summary of Finances for Implementation

• Include contribution from community to construction, etc.

Logistics and Implementation Plan

Schedule for Implementation

• BRIAN

Contingency Plans (worst case scenarios) for Implementation

Material Procurement

• Emphasize connections through Project FIAT

Plans for Phase II Implementation (Fall 2012)

Metrics

• Increase water supply by ~20%• Increase in % of homes receiving sufficient

water (at least 2x per week)

Concluding Remarks