large vehicle tire

8/10/2019 Large Vehicle Tire

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About WorkSafeBCWorkSafeBC (the Workers Compensation Board) is an

independent provincial statutory agency governed by aBoard of Directors. We are funded by insurance premiumspaid by registered employers and by investment returns. Inadministering the Workers Compensation Act, WorkSafeBCremains separate and distinct from government; however, weare accountable to the public through government in our roleof protecting and maintaining the overall well-being of the workers compensation system.

WorkSafeBC was born out of a compromise between B.C.s workers and employers in 1917 where workers gave up the rightto sue their employers or fellow workers for injuries on the jobin return for a no-fault insurance program fully paid for byemployers. We are committed to a safe and healthy workplace,and to providing return-to-work rehabilitation and legislated

compensation benefits to workers injured as a result of theiremployment.

WorkSafeBC PreventionInformation Line

The WorkSafeBC Prevention Information Line can answer your questions about workplace health and safety, worker andemployer responsibilities, and reporting a workplace incident.The Prevention Information Line accepts anonymous calls.

Phone 604.276.3100 in the Lower Mainland, or call1.888.621.7233 (621.SAFE) toll-free in Canada.

To report after-hours and weekend incidents and emergencies,call 604.273.7711 in the Lower Mainland, or call 1.866.922.4357(WCB.HELP) toll-free in British Columbia.


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Safe work practices for

Large VehicleTire Servicing
http://www.worksafebc.com/


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WorkSafeBC PublicationsMany publications are available on the WorkSafeBC web

site. The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation andassociated policies and guidelines, as well as excerpts andsummaries of the Workers Compensation Act, are alsoavailable on the web site: worksafebc.com

Some publications are also available for purchase in print:

Phone: 604 232-9704Toll-free phone: 1 866 319-9704Fax: 604 232-9703Toll-free fax: 1 888 232-9714Online ordering: worksafebc.com and click on Publications;follow the links for ordering

1997, 2001, 2006 Workers Compensation Board of

British Columbia. All rights reserved. The WorkersCompensation Board of B.C. encourages the copying,reproduction, and distribution of this document topromote health and safety in the workplace, providedthat the Workers Compensation Board of B.C. isacknowledged. However, no part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, or distributed for prot or othercommercial enterprise, nor may any part be incorporatedinto any other publication, without written permission ofthe Workers Compensation Board of B.C.

2006 edition

ISBN 0-7726-5492-1
http://www.worksafebc.com/http://www.worksafebc.com/http://www.worksafebc.com/http://www.worksafebc.com/


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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

EXPLANATION OF TERMS 2

TRAINING OF WORKERS 4

DEMOUNTING AND MOUNTING

MULTI-PIECE RIM WHEELS 6

Demounting 6Mounting 11

DEMOUNTING AND MOUNTINGSINGLE-PIECE RIM WHEELS 18

Demounting 18Mounting 19

INSTALLING A TIRE ASSEMBLY 22

Disc Wheels 22Demountable Tire Assemblies 23


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AcknowledgmentsWorkSafeBC (The Workers' Compensation Board

of B.C.) thanks the following organizations and theirrepresentatives for their assistance in preparing thismanual:

Accuride Canada Inc. Goodyear Canada Inc. Kal Tire Rimex Supply Ltd.


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Introduction 1

IntroductionThe job of tire servicing can be extremely

hazardous. An inated large vehicle tire containstremendous stored energy. Improper handlingand assembly of the tire or rim/wheel can causethe components to explode. The result may becostly damage, serious injury or death.

This manual describes acceptable servicingpractices. However, it does not replace serviceand safety manuals which are supplied by allmanufacturers and distributors of large vehicletires and wheels.

It must be emphasized that the manufacturersinstructions must be followed when working withrims and tires.


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2 Explanation of Terms

Explanation of TermsDemounting Deation and removal of tire

from wheel assembly.Disc Wheel A combination of a rim and a

disc permanently attached tothe rim.

Installing a

Tire Assembl y Transferring and attaching atire assembly onto a vehicleaxle hub.

Large Vehicle A truck, trailer, bus or anoff-road machine. It doesnot apply to automobiles,

pick-up trucks or vans usingautomobile tires or truck tiresdesignated LT.

Mounting a Tire Assembling or putting togetherthe tire and wheel components,including ination.

Rim The part that supports the tire.There are two main types ofrims: single-piece rim (usuallytubeless) and multi-piece rim(usually tube type but someare tubeless). The single-piecerim is a continuous one-pieceassembly. The multi-piece rimis an assembly consisting of a base and a side ring or both aside and lock ring.


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Explanation of Terms 3

Tire Assembly An assembly of tire, tube(where appropriate) and wheelcomponents.

Trajectory Any potential path or routethat a rim/wheel componentmay travel during an explosiveseparation, or the suddenrelease of pressurized air.

Wheel The part or group of partsthat provides the method ofattachment of the assembly tothe axle of a vehicle and themeans to contain the tire and/or tube.


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4 Training of Workers

Training of WorkersThe Workers Compensation Board regulations

require the employer to provide adequateinstruction and training to workers who operatevarious machinery and equipment. In terms of tireservicing, this training must include the following:

1. How to properly demount tires, includingproper deation.

2. How to inspect rim/wheel components formismatch and damage. Damage includescorrosion and rust buildup, metal cracks,deformed anges, sprung side and/or lockrings, broken or cracked discs, damagedrim bases, worn tubes or aps, bent or broken beads in the tires.

3. How to mount tires properly to rims/wheels. This means the proper procedureto follow, the proper tools and safetyequipment to use, the assembly inspectionsto make and the ination steps to take.

4. How to use restraining devices properly.

5. How to handle tire assemblies and rims/wheels properly. This may include theuse of mechanical aids in the handling ofheavy tire assemblies.

6. How to install and remove tire assemblies.

7. How to inate tires mounted on the vehicle.


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Training of Workers 5

The employer must ensure each workerdemonstrates the abilities to perform these taskssafely.

In addition, the appropriate personalprotective equipment must be used whenservicing tires, e.g., safety shoes must be wornat all times, eye protection must be worn inoperations where there is a hazard of eye injury.


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6 Multi-Piece Rim Wheels

Demounting and MountingMulti-Piece Rim Wheels

Multi-piece rim (disc wheel type)

Demounting

1. Before loosening wheel nuts or studs:

a. Remove the valve core and fullydeate the tire.

b. Run a wire through the valve stem to be sure it is not blocked.

c. On dual wheels, completely deate both tires before removing the nuts onthe outside wheel. If there is obviousor suspected damage to the inside tireor rim components, completely deate

both tires.


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Multi-Piece Rim Wheels 7

d. For demountable dual wheels (Daytonwheels), loosen the nuts from the studs but do not remove them completely

off the studs until pressure is released between the rims and the cast spokewheel. Releasing of pressure is achieved by tapping or prying the tire rimassembly until it is loose on the wheel.

2. Remove the wheel nuts and take the wheel

assembly off the vehicle.3. Use only the tools specied by the

manufacturer when breaking the bead.Never hammer on the rim or the lock ring asnicks in the metal may lead to cracks andfailures.

Tubeless tire iron


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Lock rim tool

Duplex C tool


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Swan neck bead tool

Driving iron


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Rim mallet

Duck bill hammer


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Self-locking pliers

4. Disassemble the tire assembly.

Mounting

5. Clean and examine all wheel and tire partscarefully. Look for signs of cracking, wear,corrosion, deformation, broken beads andconrm proper match of rim and side/lockrings by referring to rim matching chart.

Check size and load capacity of tire andwheel.

Paint rim with a metal primer wherenecessary to protect against corrosion.


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Bent, cracked, worn or badly corroded partsmust never be re-used. They can be deadly

for you or the next person handling thewheel. Do not attempt to weld or braze wheelassemblies or components unless permitted bythe manufacturer. Never weld on a rim with amounted tire.

6. Reassembly

a. Lubricate tire beads and mating rimparts with an approved rubber lubricant.

b. Put the rim parts into place.

Lever or walk the locking rings into

their grooves and check the t of themetal parts. The end gap should becorrect and the parts should not beloose.

c. Under no circumstances should youair-up a wheel if you are not sure that

the locking rings or other componentsare in good condition and are positionedproperly.

If you have any doubts at this point,disassemble and recheck all parts for:

WEAR OR CORROSION

DEFORMATION

SIZE AND TYPE MATCH


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7. Restraining Devices

Before inating the tire assembly, place itin a suitable restraining device. Acceptabledevices include safety cages and T-bars.Restraining devices must be able to absorbthe explosive forces and be properly sizedto restrain tire/wheel parts in the event offailures.

A safety cage is the preferred type of safetyrestraining device as it provides the bestprotection for restraining ying projectiles. Ifother devices (such as T-bars) are used at remoteor mobile work locations, additional cautionshould be exercised including staying awayfrom the trajectory zone as much as possible andfurther anchoring the device or wheel assembly,so that it is adequately restrained.

Safety cage


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Safety T-bar

8. Inate tire using a clip-on air chuck withan in-line valve and pressure gauge whilestanding outside the trajectory. Neverleave an air line unattended while inatinga tire.

Clip-on air chuck with in-line gauge


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a. With the tire in the restraining device,inate to 10 psi (69 kPa), and checkthat the parts t.

DANGER SIGNALS INCLUDE:

Excessive play

Ring end gap too wide or toonarrow (see manufacturersinstructions)

Any apparent misalignment

b. Inate to the recommended pressure.

c. If working with tube-type tires, deatecompletely to avoid localizedoverstretching of the tube.

d. Reinate to the manufacturersrecommended pressure and recheckthe tire assembly before removing itfrom the restraining device.

NOTE: When a tire has been driven at orat 80% or less of its recommended pressure,do not reinate it without rst removing anddisassembling the tire assembly to check fordamage in the tire and wheel components.

9. Stay out of the trajectory when handlingmulti-piece rim tire assemblies.


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NOTE: There are operations where presence inthe trajectory is unavoidable; e.g., applicationof wheel nuts. In this case, the newly inated

tire assembly must rst be inspected for properseating of side/lock rings.

Trajectory


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10. Do not apply heat to a multi-piece wheelor wheel component.

11. Never pour or spray any ammablesubstance such as gasoline or ethyl etherinto a tire and ignite it so that the resultingexplosion seats the beads of a tubeless tire.


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18 Single-Piece Rim Wheels

Demounting and MountingSingle-Piece Rim Wheels

Single-piece rim (disc wheel type)

Demounting1. Before loosening wheel nuts or studs:

a. Remove the valve core and fullydeate the tire.

b. Run a wire through the valve stem to be sure it is not blocked.

c. On dual wheels, always inspect theinside tire assembly prior to removingthe cap nuts on the outside wheel. Ifthere is obvious or suspected damage

to the inside tire or rim, completelydeate both tires.

d. For demountable dual wheels (Daytonwheels), loosen the nuts from the studs but do not remove them completely


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Single-Piece Rim Wheels 19

off the studs until pressure is released between the rims and the cast spokewheel. Releasing of pressure is achieved

by tapping or prying the tire rimassembly until it is loose on the wheel.

Remove the wheel nuts and take the wheelassembly off the vehicle.

2. Use only the tools specied by the

manufacturer when breaking the bead.Demount the tire from the narrow ledgeside of the wheel. Never hammer on therim as nicks in the metal produce stressconcentrations and may lead to cracksand failures.

Mounting3. Clean and examine wheel and tire

carefully. Look for signs of cracking, wear,corrosion, deformation, bent and broken

beads and conrm proper match between

tire and rim for size and load capacity.Paint the rim with a metal primer wherenecessary to protect against corrosion.Inspect the inside of the tire to make sure itis clean, dry and free of foreign material.

Bent, cracked, worn or badly corroded parts must neverbe re-used. They can be deadly for you or the next person handling the wheel. Do not attempt to weld orbraze wheel assemblies.


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20 Single-Piece Rim Wheels

4. Reassembly

a. Lubricate the tire beads and the matingrim surfaces with an approved rubberlubricant.

b. Work the tire beads one at a time overthe rim ange from the narrow ledgeside into the well of the rim using theproper tire tools.

5. Restraining Devices

WorkSafeBC recommends that before the tireassembly is inated, it be placed in a suitablerestraining device. Acceptable devicesinclude safety cages and T-bars. Restrainingdevices must be able to absorb the explosiveforces and be properly sized to restrain tire/wheel parts in the event of failures.

A safety cage is the preferred type of safetyrestraining device as it provides the bestprotection for restraining ying projectiles.If other devices (such as T-bars) are used atremote or mobile work locations, additionalcaution should be exercised includingstaying away from the trajectory zone asmuch as possible and further anchoringthe device or wheel assembly, so that it isadequately restrained.

6. WorkSafeBC recommends inating the tireto the recommended pressure using a clip-onair chuck with an in-line valve and pressuregauge while standing outside the trajectory.Inspect the tire and rim for proper seating


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Single-Piece Rim Wheels 21

before removing the tire assembly from therestraining device. If the tire bead is not fullyseated, deate the tire completely and repeat

the mounting procedure. Never leave an airline unattended while inating a tire.

NOTE 1: If a bead expander is used, it must beremoved before the valve core is installed and assoon as the tire assembly becomes airtight.

NOTE 2: When a tire has been driven at or at80% or less of its recommended pressure, inspectfor damage. Inate cautiously, as it may be subjectto sidewall failure.

7. Stay out of the trajectory when inating tire.8. Do not apply heat to a wheel or wheel

component.

9. Never pour or spray any ammablesubstance such as gasoline or ethyl ether

into a tire and ignite it so that the resultingexplosion seats the beads of a tubeless tire.

An example of one type of inspection for an aluminumrim prior to remounting. Refer to the manufacturer's

recommendations for rejection criteria.


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22 Installing a Tire Assembly

Installing a Tire Assembly

Disc Wheels

1. Check wheel studs for damage. Replaceany damaged or distorted studs. For tireassemblies mounted to dual wheel axles,also check to ensure the maximum difference between the diameters of the tires does not

exceed 1 4" or a circumferential difference of3 4". Any difference in the diameter of dualwheels leads to excessive wear.

2. Check that the mounting surfaces on thewheels, studs, nuts and hubs are clean andsmooth. Remove any grease, dirt, rust or burrs.

3. Use the proper cap nuts. Disc wheels can be stud or hub located and the cap nutsused with each type varies. Incorrect capnuts may lead to loss of torque, brokenstuds and cracked wheels. Follow themanufacturers specications.

4. Use the proper tightening sequence andtorque levels. The tightening sequence andtorque levels required will depend on themake and model of disc wheel. Alwaysfollow the manufacturers instructions.

5. After the rst 80 to 160 kms of operation,recheck and retighten cap nuts to therecommended torque level using theproper tightening sequence.


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Installing a Tire Assembly 23

Demountable Tire Assemblies

1. Check all studs, clamps and spacer bands

for damage. Replace any damaged ordistorted parts. For duals, also check toensure the maximum difference betweenthe diameters of the tires does not exceed 1 4"or a circumferential difference of 3 4". Anydifference in the diameter of dual wheelsleads to excessive wear. In addition, it isimportant not to mix radials and bias plytires on the same axle due to differentload/deection characteristics of thesetwo types of tires.

2. Check that the mounting surfaces on the

rims, cast spoke wheels, studs, nuts, clampsand spacer bands are clean and smooth.Remove any grease, dirt, rust or burrs.

3. Place the inated tire assembly on castspoke wheel.

For dual wheels, place the inside tireassembly on the cast spoke wheel as far aspossible, then the spacer band and the outertire assembly. Guard against misalignment.

4. Install the proper rim clamps and nuts.

5. Use the proper tightening sequence and

torque levels. The tightening sequence andtorque levels required will depend on themake and model of rim/wheel. Alwaysfollow the manufacturers instructions.


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24 Installing a Tire Assembly

6. After the rst 80 to 160 kms of operation,recheck and retighten clamp nuts to therecommended torque level using the

proper tightening sequence.

Demountable rim

Demountable rim mounted on cast spoke wheel


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