Language and culture Language and culture

Prof. Isora Enríquez O´Farrill, PhDProf. Isora Enríquez O´Farrill, PhD

The lesson looks at…The lesson looks at…

Cultural aspects of English speaking Cultural aspects of English speaking countries.countries.

Strategies to understand written Strategies to understand written information information

Language forms to speak about cultural Language forms to speak about cultural issues related to a countryissues related to a country

English speaking countries in English speaking countries in AsiaAsia

Country English Speaking Population Country English Speaking Population

IndiaIndia 1,143,540,000 1,143,540,000

PakistanPakistan 165,449,000 165,449,000

PhilippinesPhilippines 90,457,200 90,457,200

Hong Kong Hong Kong 6,985,200 6,985,200

JordanJordan 6,407,058 6,407,058

Singapore Singapore 4,839,400 4,839,400

Viewing task 1Viewing task 1

What does the video clip What does the video clip reflect?reflect?

Do you recognize these people?Do you recognize these people?

Mathama GhandiMathama Ghandi

““The strength to kill is not essential for The strength to kill is not essential for self-defence; one ought to have the self-defence; one ought to have the strength to die.” strength to die.”

Jawaharlal Jawaharlal NehruNehru

““Culture is the widening of the mind and of Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit.” the spirit.”

“ “Failure comes only when we forget our Failure comes only when we forget our ideals and objectives and principles.” ideals and objectives and principles.”

Indira GhandiIndira Ghandi

“ “Forgiveness is a virtue of the Forgiveness is a virtue of the brave.” brave.”

““People tend to forget their duties People tend to forget their duties but remember their rights.”but remember their rights.”

Mother TeresaMother Teresa

““Be faithful in small things because it Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies.” is in them that your strength lies.”

““What we need is to love without What we need is to love without getting tired.” getting tired.”

Rabindranath TagoreRabindranath Tagore

Tagore’s poetry Tagore’s poetry was influenced by was influenced by traditional Indian poetrytraditional Indian poetry. For example, his . For example, his early poetry early poetry was especially influenced was especially influenced by by the devotional Indian poets of Ramprasad the devotional Indian poets of Ramprasad and Kabir. and Kabir.

The unity of nature in Tagore´s The unity of nature in Tagore´s poetry.poetry.

“ “He He longedlonged to be the wind and blow to be the wind and blow through your rustling branches,through your rustling branches,to be to be your shadow and your shadow and lengthenlengthen with with the day on the water,the day on the water,to be to be a bird and a bird and perchperch on your on your topmost twigtopmost twig,,and to float like those ducks and to float like those ducks among among the weeds and shadows.”the weeds and shadows.”

Video task 2Video task 2

Watch the video clip and listen to Watch the video clip and listen to the text to :the text to :

- Select the topic sentence Select the topic sentence mentioned.mentioned.

a. ____a. ____ India has a rich biodiversity.India has a rich biodiversity.

b.____India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions.

Indian fauna Indian fauna

India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. There is a wide

range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and

temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, rivers. It hosts three

biodiversity hot spots: the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, and the hilly

ranges that straddle the India-Myanmar border.

Indian fauna Indian fauna

India is home to several well known large mammals including the Asian elephant , Bengal tiger, Asian lion, leopard and Indian rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often being associated with deities.

The The Flora of IndiaFlora of India is one of the richest of the is one of the richest of the world due to a wide range of climate, world due to a wide range of climate, topology and environments in the country. topology and environments in the country. Due to the wide range of climatic Due to the wide range of climatic conditions, India holds rich variety of flora conditions, India holds rich variety of flora that no other country can boast of. It that no other country can boast of. It occupies tenth place in the world and fourth occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia. Since ancient times, use of plants in Asia. Since ancient times, use of plants as a source of medicines has been part of as a source of medicines has been part of life in India. There are more than 3000 life in India. There are more than 3000 officially documented plants in India that officially documented plants in India that hold great medicinal potential.hold great medicinal potential.

Lotus, the national flower of Lotus, the national flower of India India

Indian fauna Indian fauna

India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. There is a wide

range of ecozones, such as desert, high mountains and rivers. It hosts three biodiversity hot spots.The Eastern

Himalayas is one of them.

Summarizing the text

Video task 3: Video task 3:

What animals are mentioned in What animals are mentioned in the video clip?the video clip?

Indian fauna Indian fauna

India is home to several well known large mammals including the Asian elephant , Bengal tiger, Asian lion, leopard and Indian rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often associated with deities.

India holds rich variety of flora that India holds rich variety of flora that no other country can boost of. It no other country can boost of. It occupies tenth place in the world occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia. Since ancient and fourth in Asia. Since ancient

times, the use of plants as a times, the use of plants as a source of medicines has been part source of medicines has been part

of life in India. of life in India.

What cultural monument does the What cultural monument does the video refer to?video refer to?

Video task 4:Video task 4:

Read the text and select:

describing words/phrases

the expression that means en memoria de…

an expression which emphasizes the action not its doer

The The Taj MahalTaj MahalFrom Persian /Urdu its means "crown of From Persian /Urdu its means "crown of

buildings“. It was built by Mughal buildings“. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is widely third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is widely

considered as one of the most beautiful considered as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and stands as a buildings in the world and stands as a

symbol of eternal love. Its style combines symbol of eternal love. Its style combines elements from Persian, Islamic and elements from Persian, Islamic and

Indian architectural styles.Indian architectural styles.

Indian costumes

India has been known to have wonderful dresses and costumes. The diversity of the Indian states has give rise to a wide range of costumes. Traditional costumes in India vary widely depending on the climate and natural fibers grown in a region.

Indian clothing and costumesIndian clothing and costumesSalwar/shalwar Sari/saree

KurtaKurta

Video task 5: Video task 5:

What’s the name of the costume What’s the name of the costume in the video clip?in the video clip?

Indian proverbsIndian proverbs

““If you live in the river you should make If you live in the river you should make friends with the crocodile.” friends with the crocodile.”

““For the friendship of two, the patience For the friendship of two, the patience of one is required.” of one is required.”

““Don't bargain for fish which are still in Don't bargain for fish which are still in the water.” the water.”

Indian English Indian English

After Hindi English is the most After Hindi English is the most commonly spoken language in commonly spoken language in

India. But usually Indians mingle India. But usually Indians mingle English with Indian languages. English with Indian languages.

References:References:-WikipediaWikipedia

- Features of English language Features of English language InIn Knowledgeable Knowledgeable

Indian English Indian English

““What is your good name ?”- a polite way of What is your good name ?”- a polite way of asking someone’s name. asking someone’s name.

““Today morning” – this morningToday morning” – this morning

““Yesterday night” – last nightYesterday night” – last night

““general mai” (in general) general mai” (in general)

“ “ek minute” (one minute) ek minute” (one minute)

Many speakers do not differentiate Many speakers do not differentiate between the vowel sounds /ɛ/ (as in between the vowel sounds /ɛ/ (as in "dress") and /æ/ (as in <trap>), except in "dress") and /æ/ (as in <trap>), except in cases such as <bed>/<bad> .Such a cases such as <bed>/<bad> .Such a speaker might pronounce "tax" like the first speaker might pronounce "tax" like the first syllable of "Texas"syllable of "Texas"

When a long vowel is followed by "r", When a long vowel is followed by "r", some speakers of Indian English usually some speakers of Indian English usually use a use a monophthong, instead of the , instead of the diphthong .Thus .Thus "fear" "fear" is pronounced is pronounced [fir] [fir] instead of [fiə].instead of [fiə].

Indian English often uses strong vowels Indian English often uses strong vowels where other accents would have where other accents would have unstressed syllables or words. Thus unstressed syllables or words. Thus "cottage" "cottage" may be pronounced may be pronounced [kɒtedʒ][kɒtedʒ] rather than [kɒtədʒ]. rather than [kɒtədʒ].

Standard Hindi and most other Standard Hindi and most other vernaculars (except Punjabi & Bengali) do vernaculars (except Punjabi & Bengali) do not differentiate between not differentiate between /v//v/ . Instead, . Instead, many Indians use approximant [ʋ] for many Indians use approximant [ʋ] for words with either sound, possibly in free words with either sound, possibly in free variation with [v] and/or [w]. So variation with [v] and/or [w]. So wetwet and and vetvet are are homophoneshomophones..

Use of [d] instead of [t] for the "-ed" ending Use of [d] instead of [t] for the "-ed" ending of the past tense after voiceless of the past tense after voiceless consonants, for example consonants, for example "developed" "developed" may may be be [dɛʋləpd] [dɛʋləpd] instead of RP /dɪvɛləpt/.instead of RP /dɪvɛləpt/.

Use of [s] instead of [z] for the "-s" ending Use of [s] instead of [z] for the "-s" ending of the plural after voiced consonants, for of the plural after voiced consonants, for example example <dogs> <dogs> may be may be [dɒɡs] [dɒɡs] instead of instead of [dɒɡz].[dɒɡz].

Where are you put up?Where are you put up? means 'Where are means 'Where are you currently staying'?. you currently staying'?.

Where do you stay?- Where do you stay?- 'Where do you live?' 'Where do you live?' or 'Where's your house?'. or 'Where's your house?'.

to shiftto shift - to move (e.g. to shift from one - to move (e.g. to shift from one apartment to another). apartment to another).

""Out of stationOut of station": "out of town". ": "out of town".

""pass outpass out" is meant to graduate, as in "" is meant to graduate, as in "I I passed out of the university in 1995passed out of the university in 1995". ".

To To meet the TV teachers meet the TV teachers

Date: Friday, , 2011 Date: Friday, , 2011

Time: 3.00 pm Time: 3.00 pm

Place:Place: