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LANDMARKS IN THE DEVELPOMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION IN INDIAPrepared byAswathy M.N.B. Ed Physical ScienceGovt. IASE, ThrissurPart 1: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION DURING THE BRITISH RULE The only aim of education: turning out men competent to serve the civilian administration.

Even those few individuals educated in science lacked opportunities for scientific research. In 1857 the universities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, modeled after the London University, were established.

Even under such adverse conditions, globally competitive scientific research was carried out in Indian universities by a few scientists C.V. RamanM.N. SahaS.N. BoseD.N. WadiaP.C. MahalanobisS. R. KashyapBirbal SahniS.RamanujanS. ChandrashekharPart 2: POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD Report of the secondary education commission (1953): Teaching of general science as a compulsory subject in high schools & higher secondary schools.

All India seminar on teaching science(1956):A unique & uniform system of science teaching for the entire country, suite to its needs & resources. National scientific policy resolution (1958):The cultivation of science & scientific research in all its aspects. Indian parliamentary & scientific committee(1961):Chaired by Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri and the committee took up the study of science education in schools, with a view to find out the relation between the policies and decision of the centre & the states, & the courses offered in the schools. National council of educational research & training (NCERT) was established in 1961.

UNESCO planning mission(1963): The USSR experts of the UNESCO planning mission visited India on technical assistance projects and gave reports of science and mathematical education in India and ways to improve it.

Panel on science education in secondary schools (1964):Chaired by Dr. K.N. Mathur and examined the procedure for the allotment of funds and procurement of equipment in secondary schools. Indian education commission (1964-66):Under the chairmanship of Prof. D. S. Kothari.Compulsory science as part of general education.Introduced 10+2+3 pattern.Science and social science as Environmental science at primary stage.Science as a composite discipline in secondary education.

The constitutional Amendment(1976):Education including science and Technology in concurrent list A review committee(1977): Under the chairmanship of Sri Ishwarbhai Patel Science at the secondary stage as two equivalent alternate courses- Course A and Course B.The course B-composite courseCourse A- A discipline oriented approach 1984-85The system of alternate courses was discontinued because of the perceived superiority of one course over the other.

National policy on education (1986):Science education to acquire problem solving & decision making skills.Navodaya vidyalayas to provide better quality science education to the talented children.

National Curriculum for Elementary and Secondary Education- A framework(NCF-1988):Teaching of Science as composite discipline in secondary stage.

1993 Yash Pal Committee report:Learning without Burden. National Curricuum Framework for School Education 2000 (NCF 2000):Science as Science and Technology at upper primary and secondary stages. Activity based approach.

National Curricuum Framework for School Education 2005 (NCF 2005):Activity based approach.Learning through life experiences.

References:

NCF 2005pratheeshpallath.blogspot.comhttp://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/PURSUIT AND PROMOTION OF SCIENCE, chapter 4Thank You