Land Use Planning and Management

Spatial Planning in India

Vidyadhar K. Phatak

Keynote Address at GIZ Workshop on

Connecting Mosaics 2016

Bhubaneswar June 8-9, 2016

Spatial Planning – Scale and Purpose

• Scale

– Nation

– State or Region

– Local – Metropolitan or Municipal

• Purpose

– Resource conservation and use

– Infrastructure led

– Externality management

• Tools

– Eminent Domain or Acquisition for Public Purpose

– Police power to control nuisance

Japan: Land Use Planning

National Commission

on Urbanization

National Commission

on Urbanization

URDPFI Guidelines 2015

Agro Ecological

ZonesNational

Bureau of Soil

Survey and Land

Use Planning

DMIC

Institutional Evolution of Spatial Planning

• 19th Century City Improvement Trusts

• 1915 and 1920 Town Planning Acts of Bombay and Madras Presidencies

• Post 1950: Town and Country Planning Acts

• 1960s and 1970s: Urban Development Authority or Metropolitan Development Authority Acts

• !992: 74th CAA – Town Planning as Municipal Function and DPC and MPCs regional authorities

Hyd

erab

ad: H

MD

A

Bengaluru

Chennai CMDA

National Capital Region

Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Plan , 1999

Proposed land Use

Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Plan , 1999

Proposed Transit Network Plan 2008

Institutional Context

Spatial vs. Sectoral

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SpatsSpatial Planning

Spatial vs. SectoralDepartment vs. Parastatals

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Conflicts and Challenges

Long Term Strategic Detailed prescriptive

Lead infrastructure Follow infrastructure

Regulate/ control market

Enable market

Short term participatory

Long term strategic

Scientific Technical Prescriptive

Strategic framework enabling variedoutcomes

Case of Mumbai

Mumbai and MMR

• 1898: Bombay Improvement Trust – Clearance for street improvement, low income housing

• 1915: TP Schemes for expanding supply of serviced land. Plot reconstitution and levy of betterment contribution

• 1954: Town Planning Act – preparation of Development Plan for area of Municipal Corporation

Mumbai and MMR 2

• 1964: Development Plan of Greater Mumbai normative plan for population of 7 million by 1981. Low FSI/Density development.

• 1966: Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act – BMRPB appointed BMR delineated

• 1970/73: Regional Plan – restructuring growth along east-west axis – Navi Mumbai – a large city of 2 million population by 1991 – public ownership of land for new town. – control of sprawl G zone

Greater Mumbai and MMR

Mumbai and MMR 3

• 1974: MMRDA established followed RP 1973• 1991/94: 2nd Development Plan of Greater Mumbai. 9.8

million population by 2001, uniform low FSI, introduction of NDZ. Acquiring land for public purpose through TDR. (Oblivious to market impacts)

• 1996/99:2nd Regional Plan – post reform plan – relaxed controls on industrial and office growth – posed BKC as IFBC – permitted development along transport corridors

• 2015: 3rd Development Plan of Greater Mumbai – realistic population estimates – paradigm shift in FSI = adequate for the demand for floor space not as population/ density control – TOD, protocol for implementation and Monitoring and Evaluation

Plan Making ProcessLand

Use Survey

Other Studies

& Forecasts

Future Land

Use Plan &

Road network

Designations

for public

purposes

DC

Regulations

Draft Plan

Government

sanctionEstimates of

cost / phasing

Hearing suggestions and Objection

STAGES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

1. The Existing Land Use Plan 2012 was published

for public scrutiny and suggestions/ objections.

• Displayed in ward offices

• Published on Municipal portal

• The suggestions received were verified on site &

details of actions taken were published on

Municipal portal.

2. Report on Preparatory Studies was published.

• assessment of the existing status,

• projections for 2034 and

• vision for development for Greater Mumbai

Thematic workshops were conducted of experts in the field and public at large.

• Workshops of other Governmental organisations

• Workshops of elected representatives

• Political parties

3. Ward level consultation workshops for assessment of priority amenity space demand at local levels.

STAGES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Sr.No. Workshop Theme NGO In-Charge Date

1. Transport MTSU 17.12.2013

2. Simplification of D.C. Regulation P.E.A.T.A 07.01.2014

3. Education U.D.R.I., Pratham 08.01.2014

4. Environment & open spaces & sustainable city C.A.T. 09.01.2014

5. Informal Housing YUVA, Nivara Haq,

C.R.H, S.R.S,

11.01.2014

6. Urban form U.D.R.I. 15.01.2014

7. Water YUVA, Pani Haq Samiti 16.01.2014

8. Gaothan, Koliwada, Adiwasi pada K.R.V.I.A 18.01.2014

9. Gender Sensitization Akshara 20.01.2014

10. Solid Waste Disposal & Waste Water Management

S.M.S., Aakar Mumbai 21.01.2014

11. Informal sector YUVA, Pani Haq Samiti 22.01.2014

12. Public Amenities & Physical Infrastructure MCHI 25.01.2014

13. Formal Housing MCHI, TISS 25.01.2014

14. health U.D.R.I. 29.01.2014

15. Digital Inclusion IIT, U.D.R.I. 05.02.2014

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Consultative Process-Important Recommendations from workshops

Consultation workshops in Ward HW

Consultation workshops in Ward A

Thematic Workshops

Formal housing • Simplification of DCR and Building approval process;• Ensure affordability of MHADA houses even after

redevelopment;• Provide infrastructure and amenities proportionately

to development of Residential and IOC uses;• Provide illustrations in DCR;• Avoid multiple NOCs from Various Dept. • Create one window clearance for building permits.Amenities Provision• Improve amenities provision in the Eastern Suburbs• Provide integrated health and education facilities; • Prepare Master Plans for Health and Education which

are integrated with the DP; • Improve per capita availability of open space • provision of efficient road infrastructure;• Enhance geriatric care and facilities • Incorporate equitable distribution of primary health

centres;

Environment• Encourage rain water harvesting and grey water recycling; • Decentralize Solid Waste Management (SWM).Urban Form• Formulate regulations to encourage different housing typologies and

community spaces;• Incentivise repairs and restoration of old building stock;• Encourage adaptive reuse to avoid increasing densities• Encourage rental housing;• Lower parking norms.Urban Villages• Provide separate DCR for Adivasipada, Gaothans and Koliwadas;• Allow self-redevelopment;• Facilitate identification of Adivasipadas, Gaothans & Koliwadas, their houses

and lands on the proposed land use maps; • Provide roads, healthcare, cultural facilities, schools, municipal markets, etc.

in Adivasipadas.

Important Recommendations from Theme based workshops

Post Publication of Draft Plan in Feb 2015

• Instead of presenting objections and suggestions, some NGOs carried a campaign of ‘Dump the DP’

• Others approached political parties

• Government instead of letting the ‘law takes its course’ directed MCGM to revise the Plan

• Revised Plan has been again published on 27 May 2016

New York Expansion Plan 1811

Thank you