Semarang Spatial Planning Evaluation

Submitted To Complete The Final Group Assignment Of Urban And Regional Planning

Giri Wilisandy 21040112410053Karina Mesalianda21040114410016M. Luthfi Eko Nugroho 21040114410049Rosnaeni21040114410030Wahadi Wibowo21040114410027

Master of Regional and Urban DevelopmentEngineering Faculty Diponegoro UniversitySemarang 2014

Table of Contents

Table of Contents 1Part 1 Introduction 2A. Background B. Problem StatementC. PurposesPart 2 Theoretical Background 4A. Urban Planning Theories B. Spatial Planning PolicyPart 3 General Overview 15A. General Overview of Semarang CityB. General Overview of Semarang Spatial PlanningPart 4 Analysis 42A. Spatial Planning Policy vs Dynamic Condition B. Spatial Planning and Suatainable DevelopmentPart 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 61A. ConclusionsB. Recommendations References 63

Part 1 Introduction

Background

In general, the more complex urban spatial layout of the countryside, so it needs to be considered and planned well. Region / zone in the urban area is divided into several zones as follows: housing and settlement, trade and services, industry, education, offices and services, terminal, tourism and recreation parks, farms and plantations, a public funeral, and landfills. The phenomenon of urban spatial development of increasingly complicated makes getting minimal land use. Therefore, the land needs to be directed to be used in activities that are most appropriate to their physical properties and managed in order to accommodate the growing community activities. In streamline the allocation of land use, the necessary plan for the needs of all sectors of the community activities, both the needs of current and future activities.Development planning process carried out by involving all stakeholders at national and regional. Development planning is a process that is systematic, coordinated and sustainable, strongly associated with the activities of resource allocation, business objectives and actions in the future.Semarang as areas experiencing growth and development requires a mechanism for regional planning. Semarang spatial planning policies set out in Regulation No. 14 Year 2011 on Spatial Planning (RTRW) Semarang Year 2011 to 2031. Spatial plan is a form of planning that has to consider the interests of various sectors of the community activities in allocating land / space and its resources contained in it (comprehensively) In accordance of the meaning of the spatial plan is the basis for the utilization of space / land. Spatial plan is a plan that contains the product development plans and the spatial structure plan space utilization patterns to be achieved by the end of the planning. Space structure formed by the central system activity and network systems infrastructure that includes a network system of transportation (land, sea, air), network systems and electrical energy, telecommunication network systems and network systems of water resources. While the pattern of utilization of space is an overview of space allocation for the various types of land uses planned. Quality of spatial planning is a prerequisite in the implementation of spatial planning.As a city that has a vision to become a center of trade and services, the City Semarang in need of attention and spatial planning can accommodate all activities that support trade-based economy and services. At the Regional Regulation of Semarang has been divided into several areas will be used as the central offices for trading activities and services.Semarang Spatial Planning need for some critics to make sure that its plan considering proper theories so city will planned in ideal condition towards sustainable city. The theories that will be used in Semarang Spatial Planning Evaluation are transportation, green open space, tourism, coastal management, and compact city.

Problem Statement

A planning process should be considering some theories toward sustainable condition in the city. But sometime because of the existing condition that make a city planner has difficulties to implementing the ideal concept of planning to the city. From the Semarang Spatial Planning document we can see alot of gap between the ideal theories and the plan it self. We have to know which part of planning that purely considering the ideal theories, and which part that can not just considering the theories because of existing condition pressures.

Purposes

Purpose study of this paper is to identify that Semarang Spatial Planning document is based on hte ideal theories and finding what is the obstacle to do that kind of planning. The objectives of this paper are : 1. Identify Semarang condition, whether in generally and in sectors related to transportation, green open space, tourism, coastal management, and compact city theories; 2. Identify the ideal condition related to urban planning theories; 3. Identify problems related to Semarang spatial planning; 4. Identify the the planning policy related to the problems; 5. Evaluate the programs related to urban planning theories.

Part 2 Theoretical Background

Urban Planning Theories

Green Open Space

Figure 1 : Typology of Urban Green Open SpaceSource : Permen PU No.5 Tahun 2008Basically, green open space is one of urban space element that has an important role with the other elements of the city and has a very positive effect for the environment. Hakim (1993) define the green open space as spaces that contained inside in the city, in the form of a corridor, path, area, regional movement, linkage, and destination area, where the elements of the natural green and open space charcter more dominant. Another definition of green open space can be understood as a space or area, hasnt been built or not built in the urban area, that has a value for park and recreation, conservation area, historical and aesthetics (Green, 1959 cited in Prasetijaningsih and Riyan, 2011).

According to Prasetijaningsih and Riyan (2011), there are three basic functions of green open space i.e.:1. Social functionGreen open space is public facilities that has function for recreation, education, and sport. In this context, urban green open space can be a place to establish the communication for urban community. 2. Physical functionGreen open space has ecological functions such as the lungs of the city, water system protect, silencer, visual fulfillment, and buffering area. Plants such as trees or other vegetation that grows in the green open space can produce fresh air, become dust filter and regulate air circulation. It aims to create sense of comfortable and protect from air pollution for urban community.3. Aesthetic functionUrban green open space serves as the bond between building elements, give the characteristic of the city (as the identity), and as one of the elements in the arrangement of urban architecture. The typology of urban green open space in terms of ownership, can be divided into two types i.e. public green open space and private green open space (Permen PU No.5/ 2008). According to The Act No.26/2007 about spatial planning, green open space is one of the components of urban area that have minimum size 30% of the total urban area, divided into 20% for public green open space and 10% for private green open space. The typology of urban green open space in terms of ownership shown in Figure 1.

TransportationAccessibility is a concept that combines system settings geographically land use with transportation network connecting system. Accessibility can be regarded as a measure of comfort or convenience of the location of land-use way to interact with each other, and the ease or difficulty of a location is achieved through the transport network system. Land use is a part / piece of land the venue for a wide range of urban transport activities, such as work, school, sports, shopping etc. To fulfill the human needs to travel between the land use, by using the transport network system (using buses, trains), which in turn give rise to the movement of the flow of people, vehicles and goods, or the so-called moblitas. Accessibility and mobility is a measure of potential or opportunity to traveled. The interaction of land use and transportation based on its characteristics can be grouped into 4 (four) groups of the above model.1. Conventional model (model 4 stages) consist of sub-models of seizures trip (Trip Generation) which is a function of land use factors and socioeconomic factors, Travel Distribution (Trip Distribution), Separation Mode (Mode Split) and Selection Route (Trip assignment).2. Behavioural Model is based that the traveling public will continue to make choices (individual or person based) or not based zones. Traveling public will make choices based on the utility that is a function of the accessibility and appeal of travel destinations. Behavioral models are Multinomial Logit known Models based on random utility theory.3. Model Linked transport system analysis and an analysis of the allocation of population and land use activity center but an exogenous variable. Linked models known is SELNEC models. In SELNEC models from the model output becomes the input for land use transport models, and accessibility to land use models derived from the transport model. So in this model is used for the analysis of accessibility in travel distribution and transport model to model land use. Weakness Linked models are analytical Trip Generation is still in the elastic towards travel expenses (generalized cost). Linked In these models there is time lag between the models of land use and transport models to models of land use is considered as exogenous variables.4. Integration Model is a model to analyze land use (allocation of population and activity center) and an integrated transport system. In the integration model of land use analysis performed in addition to considering the accessibility factor is the output from the transport models also consider the attractiveness of land and policy factors.

TourismTourism has several definitions of various experts and thinkers. However, in general, tourism is an activity of a person or group of people. Tourism is an activity to travel in order to get pleasure, find satisfaction, knowing something, improve health, enjoy sports or rest, perform tasks, and others (Spillane, 1987). From the Spillane definition implied that consists of elements of tourism activities and the trip has a purpose. Understanding the tourism according to Spillane more towards the wisatawannya or people who travel.Different with the Spillane, Lundberg states that tourism is a concept that can be seen from different view points. Tourism is an activity in which people are involved in traveling far from their homes primarily for business or pleasure (Lundberg, 1995). Tourism is a business that provides goods and services to tourists and involve any expenditure incurred by or for visitors to journey. Here, tourism is limited to elements of the trip and more specific objectives, namely business and pleasure.Wiyasa defines about tourism with the another different perspective. He interpreted that tourism is a commodity that is needed by every individual as activity traveled for an individual can increase the creative power, eliminate the boredom of work, relaxation, shopping, business, knowing the historic heritage, health, and tourism spiritulisme, along with the increasing leisure time as a result of more the short weekday and supported by rising incomes, it will increase tourism activity. Wiyasa argues that the emphasis is on the understanding of tourism commodities. This is a result of human activity itself and the ability to perform activities of tour cost is very supportive (Wiyasa, 1997).Spilane explained that the tourism can be divided based on the types. Types of tourism according to Spillane are as follows:1. Tourism to enjoy the trip (Pleasure Tourism)This type of tourism is done by people who leave their homes for a vacation, a new look for fresh air, to reduce nervous tension, to enjoy the beauty of nature, to enjoy the saga of the people of a region, to enjoy entertainment, and so on.2. Tourism for recreation (Recreation Tourism)This type of tourism is done by requiring the person you defeated the umbilical off to rest, to recover physically and mentally freshness that will refresh fatigue and exhaustion.3. Tourism for culture (Cultural Tourism)This type of tourism is characterized by the presence of a series of motivations such as the desire to study in the centers of teaching and research. To learn customs, way of life of other countries, and so on.4. Tourism for large trading business affairs (Business Tourism)In this type of tourism, which emphasized element is the opportunity that is used by the perpetrators of this journey that uses a time-free time to enjoy themselves as tourists who visit the various attractions and other pariwiata types.5. Tourism for sports (Sports Tourism)The aim of this type of tourism for the purpose of sport, good only for interesting spectator sport and olahragawannya itself and is intended for those who inigin practice it ourselves. Tourism can be subdivided into two categories: Big sports events, ie events such as the Olympic Games oahraga large, skiing world championships, world boxing championship, and others of interest to the audience or fans. Sporting tourism of the Practitioners, namely sports tourism for those who want to practice and practice themselves as mountain climbing, horse riding sports, hunting, fishing and others.6. Tourism to the convention (Convention Tourism)Many countries are interested and considers this type of tourism with many hotels and buildings are specially equipped to support the tourism convention.

Coastal ManagementCoastal areas is a very important area of development in Indonesia. Many large cities are growing in coastal areas. Coastal areas provide a variety of services to surounding areas such as transportation services, providing a source of food and environmental services. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is one of the common concep in coastal development. Other comon approach and now become a trend among indonesian coastal city is waterfront city concep and reclamation.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)The main aims of ICZM is to reduce or eliminate such problems, resulting in ethical and economic benefits. Ethical benefits include sustainable development, the promotion of social equity (through consideration of the viewpoints of all stakeholders) and protection of traditional uses of coastal resources. (Cummins et al.2004)There is no shortage of definitions for Integrated Coastal Management. According to Knecht and Archer (1993) in Cummins et al. (2004) ICZM defined as A dynamic and continuous process of administering the use, development and protection of the coastal zone and its resources towards common objectives of national and local authorities and the aspiration of different resource user groups. Meanwhile, Sorenson, (1993) in Cummins et al. (2004) gives a definition of ICZM as Integrated management provides policy direction and a process for defining objectives and priorities and planning development beyond sectoral activities. It adopts a systems perspective and multi sectoral approach which takes into account all sectoral interests and stakeholder interests, and deals with economic and social issues as well as environmental and economic issues.

Waterfront city conceptAccording to the Directorate General of Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KP3K-KKP) in the Code of Coastal City (Pedoman Kota Pesisir, 2006) suggested that the waterfront city is an area that is bordered by water and overlooking the sea, rivers, lakes and the like.(Nurizati. 2013). Waterfront Development can be applied to the entire waterfront area both rivers, lakes and coastal areas.

Based on the type of project, waterfront city can be divided into three types (Nurizati. 2013), namely:1. Conservation is the preservation of ancient or old waterfront city2. Rebuilding (redevelopment) is restoration the function of pre-existing waterfront city3. Development is development of a new waterfront city to meet the needs of the city

Meanwhile, based on the function, waterfront city can be divided into four types (Breen, 1996 in Nurizati. 2013), namely:1. The mixed-used waterfront city2. Recreational waterfront city3. Residential waterfront city4. Working waterfront city

Here is the mindset of the formulation of design principles of waterfront area (waterfront city)

Normative Study of the Waterfront AreaFactor in the Arrangement of the Waterfront AreaAspects to be ConsideredComponent and Arrangement VariableStructuring Principle of the Waterfront AreaRecommendation Design of Waterfront AreaCondition of the Waterfront AreaPolicy / Regulation of Waterfront Area

Figure 2. Flow Chart of Waterfront Area Formulation Design GuidelinesSource: Nurizati. 2013

Criteria in the development of a waterfront area include (Nurizati. 2013) :1. Located on the edge of a large waters area (sea, lakes, rivers, and so on).2. Usually the port area, trading, settlement, or tourism.3. Has the main functions as a place of recreation, residential, industrial, or port.4. Dominant with views and orientation towards the water.5. The construction is done in the direction of the vertical and horizontal

There are two important aspects of the underlying design of the waterfront area. The two aspects are geographical factors as well as the urban context (Wren, 1983 andToree, 1989 cited Nurizati. 2013). Geographic factors, consisting of land conditions and climate. Urban context, consisting of user, historical and cultural treasures, achievement and circulation, visual character.

Compact City Compact city policies for cities can be discussed in relation to the various elements of the definition provided : attempts to increase built area and residential population densities; to intensify urban economic, social and cultural activities and to manipulate urban size, form and structure and settlement systems in pursuit of the environmental, social and global sustainability benefits derived from the concentration of urban functions. There are some impacts of compact city concept if it implemented in the city, i.e. : 1. DensitificationCompact city try to maximize urban density by intensify the existing functions in the city. Usually city has a problem with land availability that can be used for extension of the city. The city more spread, more land would be occupied, and causes green open space in surrounding the city (pheri-urban) are decrease, and urbanized area become larger. But in the other hand, densitification might become a new problem. High demographic growth, low levels of economic development, high income inequalities, small urban budgets and shortages of environmental infrastructure, shelter and basic services have a critical effect on densification policies and the effectiveness of policy instruments.2. Infrastructure and land capacityHigher densities will lead to cheaper infrastructure costs and the absorption of spare inner city capacity is particularly contentious in developing countries. Although some inner city areas in Latin America may be dedensifying, the opposite is generally true for most cities in developing countries and there is no spare capacity to be filled. This spare capacity, if it exists anywhere, is most likely to be found in high income areas and the social implications of taking the least-cost option cannot be justified on social or sustainability grounds which often does not prevent it from happening. The possibility of densifying empty speculative plots through the use of punitive taxes is politically constrained under current neo-liberal strategies. However, some interesting incentive schemes involving land sharing arrangements, the transfer of development rights and public/ private partnerships offer some promise. 3. Transportation Similar arguments with the relationship between densification and the ability to generate mass thresholds for public transport, it is effective demand and higher incomes and not just numbers in need that create these thresholds. The most immediate sustainability gains that can be realised are related to improvements in the fuel efficiency of public transport equipment, improved regulations and enforcement and the construction of environmentally friendly mass transit systems. More concentrated the city, more easier to build a mass transportation that can reach all of the districts within the city. 4. Land useThe argument that densification will allow derelict land to be brought into productive use has limited applicability for most cities in developing countries. The existence of inner city brownfield sites in developed countries is a result of the combination of the twin processes of de-industrialisation and metropolitan decentralisation. The relationship between urbanisation and industrialisation in developing countries is weak (outside the semi-periphery) and metropolitan decentralisation processes where present are only at an incipient stage in most countries. The relationship between densification policies and the rate of loss of agricultural and rural land on the urban periphery, the incidence of urban agriculture and the availability of green and open space within the city is similarly complex (Mathey, 2000). The benefits of slowing down the rate of urban encroachment through promoting higher density settlement are particularly great in those world regions where rates of urban growth are high, arable land per capita rates are low and agricultural productivity growth rates are low. But if densification occurs using instruments that lower the availability of domestic space (e.g. reduced plot sizes, higher minimum plot/built area ratios), the effect on urban agriculture could be very serious for the poor, for whom it is a basic element in their survival strategy.The same considerations govern the relationship between densification and open and green space provision. Per capita open and green space rates are often very low in cities in developing countries and where these spaces exist they are often poorly maintained, covered with waste, or are frequently squatted on.The advisability or not of densification has to be related to the question of how densities are distributed in cities in developing countries. In developed countries the urban poor and low-income groups live in the centre and the rich and the middle class live on the periphery. In developing countries the poor live in the centre where they are accommodated at very high densities in tenement blocks, interstitial shantytowns, and in downgraded and subdivided houses formerly belonging to the now decentralised upper income groups. But they also live in far greater numbers on the urban periphery in often-vast rings of low- and middledensity squatter settlements and illegal subdivisions. A pattern of intra-urban residential mobility has been recognised whereby rural migrants move initially to the inner city receptor areas and subsequently, with higher incomes and greater space requirements, move to the periphery where they commence an informal building process based on progressive development and self-help (Turner, 1976).5. Intensification of activitesAs with densification policies, many of the sustainability benefits that can be derived from activity intensification in cities in developing countries are bound to be limited. Cities in developing countries, as opposed to those in developed countries, are already characterised by high levels of mixed use, ease of access to a wide range of goods and services and by high levels of vitality and vibrancy. The reasons for this are the different structural characteristics of their urban economies, the more limited impact of modernist practices and the limited ability to control and regulate urban development. These policies have helped to generate employment but they have also created major environmental externalities including congestion, waste disposal problems, fire and health risks, as well as social and economic problems such as low wages, long work hours, the exploitation of children and the inability to collect taxes for services provided. The further stimulation of the informal sector in pursuit of the sustainability benefits claimed for intensification would therefore mark no real policy change. It is feared that further deregulation of the sector will merely add to these growing social costs and externalities, and the best strategy is now to reregulate or formalise it (de Soto, 1992).6. Urban form, size, and structureAs in developed countries, attempts to manipulate urban form in order to achieve sustainability benefits have been limited. The reasons for this include the shift from master planning to strategic planning, and from physical planning to socio-economic planning, and a shift in the locus of urban professional practice towards urban restructuring and the neighbourhood level.Many cities in search of global competitiveness have relaxed regulations governing peripheral development in order to attract economic activity and attempts at rationalising the urban form have been postponed. Nonetheless, with the strengthening of metropolitan decentralisation trends and urban sprawl there has been a resurgence of interest in urban containment instruments to control the evolution of the urban form in a sustainable way, particularly in green belts, green corridors and ecological reserve areas.Although there is a debate obfuscated by the failure to distinguish between the problem of primacy and the problem of size, attention focused on the scale and intensity of the environmental impacts of very large cities. It was argued that even with existing population size, consumption levels and inequalities, many megacities were already exhausting their environmental support capacity, with water consumption exceeding the replacement capacity of primary sources, the destabilisation of ecosystems, and air pollution levels that were highly injurious to human health and safety (Atkinson, 1993).Urban restructuring has become a major strategy for realising the sustainability benefits of compaction in developing countries. It has been accepted that most urban environmental problems, including excessive energy use and high carbon emission rates, can be attributed to deficiencies in the urban structure. These deficiencies can be rectified by structural changes to the built environment, by the restructuring of urban mobility systems, the closer co-ordination of land use and transport planning, and the closer harmonisation of the built environment with the natural environment.7. Settlements systemIt has also been increasingly accepted in developing countries that the most appropriate scale for achieving the sustainability goals associated with compaction is the regional and metropolitan region level. Interest has focused on regional development frameworks, on large scale and beaded linear cities, concentrated decentralisation models, and cellular and networked systems of cities linked by transport and development corridors based on efficient and eco-friendly public transport systems. It is only at this scale that the goals of a balanced integration of settlement systems with nature (Atkinson, 1992), easy access to green environments, the conservation of rural and agricultural land, spatial equity in infrastructure and service provision and the avoidance of the spatial displacement of environmental externalities can be realised.

Spatial Planning Policy

Space is a natural resource that can be used in general and the public goods that can be exploited when the utilization exceeds its carrying capacity, and is a place where the whole social system interaction (which includes humans and the entire social, economic and cultural) with the ecosystem (natural resources and artificial resources) takes place. Spatial planning is the basis for the development of the region to realize the objectives of development, and is also an instrument that has a legal basis to realize the objectives of regional development.Law No. 26 of 2007 is the principal legislation governing the implementation of spatial planning. The existence of these laws is expected in addition to a basic concept of law in carrying out spatial planning, is also expected to be used as a reference for the government in the management and protection of the environment.In order to realize the concept of the development of the region in which the goals and objectives that are territorial in Indonesia, then implemented spatial arrangement consisting of three (3) a series of major processes that are interrelated to one another in accordance with Law No. 26 Year 2007 on Spatial Planning, namely:a. spatial planning process is a process for determining the structure of space and spatial patterns which include the preparation and determination of spatial planning, which resulted in a plan (Spatial). In addition to as "guidance of future actions" Spatial essentially a form of intervention that human / creature with the environment can run harmonious, balanced to achieve well-being / beings living environment and sustainable development (development sustainability).b. the use of space, is an attempt to realize the structure of space and spatial patterns in accordance with the spatial planning through the preparation and implementation of programs and financing, which is a form of operational or implementation of the development plan space itself.c. space utilization control process is an attempt to realize the orderly layout consisting of licensing and enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of development in keeping with the Spatial and spatial planning objectives territory.Direction city spatial planning policy is the basis of all the city's physical development policy, because almost all aspects of the use of urban space should be based on the urban planning that has been set. Given the strategic aspects of these policies for the physical development of the city, it is expected that this policy should be able to accommodate all the potential of the city both internally and externally, so that the direction of urban development does not leave the element potential at every stage of development.

Part 3General Overview

General Overview of Semarang City

Geographical LocationAdministratively, Semarang divided into 16 districts (kecamatan) and 177 sub districts (kelurahan). It has total area 373,70 Km2, and located between 650 710 south latitude and 10935-11050 east longitude. Semarang boundaries are : North: Java SeaSouth: Kabupaten SemarangWest: Kabupaten KendalEast: Kabupaten Demak

TopographyFrom its topography, Semarang has various topography with a lowland in north and hills in south. Altitude of Semarang is about 0,75-348 meters above sea level. Semarang has 4 type of area based on its slope condition : 0-2% slope, consist of Kecamatan Genuk, Pedurungan, Gayamsari, Semarang Timur, Semarang Tengah dan Tugu, also Kecamatan Banyumanik, Tembalang dan Mijen partially. 3-15% slope, consist of Kecamatan Semarang Barat, Candisari, Gajahmungkur, Gunungpati dan Ngaliyan. 16-40% slope, consist of around Kali Garang and Kali Kreo (Kecamatan Gunungpati), some parts of Mijen (Wonoplumbon area), some parts of Kecamatan Banyumanik and Candisari. >40% slope, consist of some parts Banyumanik and Gunungpati (around Kali garang and Kali Kripik).

Table 1. Semarang AltitudeNo.AreaAltitude (m)

1Coastal0,75

CBD

2(In front of Dibya Puri Hotel)2,45

3Simpang Lima3,49

4Candi Baru90,56

5Jatingaleh136

6Gombel270

7Gunungpati:

West259

Northeast348

8Mijen (up stream)253

Source : Semarang in Figures, 2013

The dominant land use in the Kota Semarang is for building 40.70% or 14,049.42 km2. Other land use is a moor land (20.89% or 8,989.00 km2), fields (10.24% or 3,746.97 km2), fish ponds (6.27% or 1,691.17 km2) as well as other land uses (21.90 % or 8,687.67 km2). According to its use, the largest fields is rainfed (53.12%), and only about 19.97% that can be planted two (2) times. Dry land is mostly used for yard land/ land for building, that is equal to 42.17% of the total fields area.

PopulationBased on the results of population registration in 2013, the population of Kota Semarang was recorded at 1,572,105 inhabitants with population growth about 0.83% during 2013 . Approximately 71.57% of Kota Semarang populations are in productive aged (15-64) years, so the number of dependency in 2013 amounted to 39.72. Based on population density, Kecamatan Mijen and Kecamatan Tugu has the smallest population, which is less than 1000 people per km2. This is because this two sub-districts above are developed as agricultural areas and industrial areas. For the downtown area, the most populous sub-district is Kecamatan Semarang Tengah with 3,882 people per km2.

MaleFemaleFigure 3. Population by Group of Sex and AgeSource : Bappeda Kota Semarang (2014)

From the data, the main livelihood of the population respectively are services and other (11.86%), Industrial Workers (25.65%), Building Workers (12.02%), civil servants / Armed Forces (13.76% ) and Farmer (3.95%). In 2012, GDP of Kota Semarang was Rp. 24,196,487.72. There are two fairly large sector contribution to Kota Semarang gdps at current prices, which are the trade, hotels and restaurants; and the manufacturing sector. Kota Semarang regional income per capita in 2012 was Rp. 34,787,877.69.

Green Open SpaceGreen open space in Semarang according to City Regulation No. 7 of 2010 in Green Open Space Planning is an elongated area / lines and / or groups, whose use is more open, a place to grow plants, whether grown naturally or intentionally planted. Meanwhile, according to Ministry of Public Work Regulation No. 5 PRT / M / 2008, Green Open Space Urban Area is part of an urban open space filled by plants and crops to support ecological, social, cultural, economic and aesthetic.The types of open green space in the urban area of Semarang are as follows :Table 2. The Types of Open Green Space in Semarang No.TypesNo.Types

1.City park13.Cemeteries

2.Natural park14.Sport field

3.Recreational park15.Ceremonial field

4.Neighborhood park16.Open parking area

5.Office and commercial park17.Urban farming area

6.Forest park18.SUTT and SUTET line

7.Urban forest19.River banks, beaches, buildings, water and marsh

8.Protected forest20.Lane road safety, road medians, railways, gas pipelines and pedestrian

9.Landforms such as mountains, hills, slopes and valleys21.Green line

10.Nature preserve22.Airport buffer zone

11.Botanical garden23.Roof garden

12.Zoo

Source : Perda Kota Semarang No. 7 Year 2010

The area of green space in the city of Semarang green type reaches 19 541 hectares or reach 52.31% from the total area of 37,370.390 Ha. As shown in Figure and Table below :

Nodes / Tugu Muda Park Neighborhood Park

Farm land in Gunungpati Bergota Cemetery

Paddy Field in Cangkiran, Mijen Urban Forest in Tinjomoyo

Figure 4. Green Open Space Characteristic of Semarang

Table 3. Green Open Space Characteristic of Semarang

No.Types Area (Ha)Total Area (Ha)

1Urban park15,7015,70

2Sport field72,9972,99

3Forest :a. Protectedb. Production1.083,00294,22

1.377,22

4Farm land74,7574,75

5Plantationa. Large plantationb. Non-cultivation plantationc. Cultivate plantation148,25553,63171,61

873,49

6Moora. Temporary moorb. Protected moorc. Cultivate moor249,731.660,005.565,02

7.474,75

7Paddy fielda. With technical irrigationb. Half-technical irrigationc. Simple paddy fieldd. Rainfed paddy field232,6047,901.232,502.429,66

3.942,66

8Cemetery270,50270,50

9Others5.438,945.438,94

Total19.541,0019.541,00

Source : Bappeda Kota Semarang, 2012

Maintenance RTH Semarang is under the authority of the Sanitary and Landscaping Agency. Here is a list of parks that are managed by the agency :Table 4. Park that Managed by Semarang Sanitary and Landscaping Agency

No.SectorTypeTotalArea (m2)

Active ParkPassive Park

1Semarang Utara86147.160,15

2Semarang Tengah2272923.091,15

3Semarang Timur11213217.956,00

4Semarang Barat1131415.343,00

5Semarang Selatan6101624.049,00

6Candisari 191010.638,34

7Gajahmungkur2141621.603,00

8Gayamsari1121.914,00

9Pedurungan1-1588,00

10Banyumanik581312.595,01

Total 38109147134.937,65

Source : Semarang Sanitary and Landscaping Agency, 2012

Types of city green space is not only the park, but there are other types such as those mentioned above, namely nurseries, plantations, greening road corridors, and cemetery.

TransportationAccessibility is a concept that links land use regulation system to the transportation network connecting system in geographically. So accessibility is a tool to measure the potential to travel than to count the number of the trip itself.Level of accessibility in the city of Semarang is not the same between one region to another region. In this case the level of accessibility is affected by some few things :1. The distance to the city center or the Central Business District;2. Topography;3. Transportation infrastructure availability;4. Settlement area;5. Industrial area;6. Trade area.

From several factors above can be know region in Semarang that have a high level of accessibility and low levels of accessibility. The level of accessibility will affect the value of an area of land, with a high level of accessibility, the value of an area of land will rise while the low level of accessibility of an area of land value will go down.Semarang city has some of the main connecting road between the city of Semarang - other cities in the region as among Kendal, Kudus, Ungaran, Purwodadi and national road linking the city of Semarang and Jakarta, Solo, Yogyakarta and Surabaya.

Figure 5. Semarang Road Network

The length of roads in Semarang is 2,689,636 meters, which consists of 6 types, namely macadam pavement, asphalt, hot mix, concrete, paving, and soil. Based on the road conditions, in Semarang has a variety of conditions, from the condition of good, moderate, and broken. With good condition 1,335,526 meters, the moderate condition 852,833 meters long, and 501,279 meters along the damaged condition. Road transport system which is based on the linkage to the land use and transportation activities have travel patterns that form the pattern circumference and radius (radial) as the basic transport system of Semarang. Road network serving the city of Semarang both current conditions and plan the future development of the road network has a network function as follows:1. Primary arterial function, consist of Toll Road, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Jl. Siliwangi and Jl. Kaligawe;2. Secondary arterial function, consist of road heading to Mijen, Gunungpati, and The road leading to the centers of BWK;3. Primary collector fuction, consist of road heading to Boja, Ungaran and Purwodadi;4. Secondary collector function, consist of roads that connecting nodes in secondary arterial road.

One mode of transport used for human movement is personal transportation is transportation/ vehicle owned privately. Private vehicles consist of private passenger car (private car/official car) and motorcycles. The number of private passenger cars in 2012 amounted to 283,651 units. While the number of motorcycles in 2012 amounted to 1,074,876 units. The number of motorcycles has always dominated the growth of private vehicles from the year 2002-2012 with an average of 64,800 units per year (Ditlantas Polda Jateng, 2013). The number of private vehicles during the past five years (2007-2012) show substantial increases, the ratio of private vehicles from the total vehicles in Semarang is : in 2007 amounted to 21.35% private cars, and motorcycles at 61.24 %, in 2008 amounted to 20.46% cars and 62.71% motorcyles, in 2009 amounted to 19.67% cars and 64.03% motorcycles, in 2010 amounted to 18.97% cars, and motorcycles at 65.22%, in 2011 was 18.33% cars and 66.29% motorcycles. The number and types of private vehicles in Semarang in 2002-2012 can be seen in the image below.

MPP = Private Car; SM = motorcycleFigure 6. Private Vehicles in Semarang 2002-2012(Source : Ditlantas Polda Jateng, 2013)

Services by public transport is represented by the number and type of passenger car fleet of angkot and a public bus. Total angkot in 2012 amounted to 7,161 units, while the number of bus in 2012 amounted to 3,973 units. The growth of public transportation from the 2002-2012 average of 113 units / year and the growth of the public bus from the 2002-2012 average of 342 units / year (Ditlantas Polda Jateng, 2013).Service of Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) Trans Semarang has been realized 4 corridor route as follows : 1. Mangkang-Penggaron; 2. Terboyo-Sisemut (Ungaran); 3. Pelabuhan-Sultan Agung;4. Cangkiran-Ahmad Yani International Airport.

TourismThere are alot of tourim destination in Semarang. Tourism destination are spread in all over Semarang region. The destination are :Table 5.Tourism Destination in SemarangNoTourism ObjectsTypeLocation and Attractions

1.Kec. Semarang Tengah1). GEDUNG LAWANG SEWU

2). TUGU MUDAHistory Tourism

Historical Tourism

The historic old building with colonial architecture (Dutch-Tropical) Monument to the fallen heroes fight in the Battle of Five Days in Semarang in 1949

2.Kec. Semarang Selatan3). INTERNATIONAL SPORT CLUB (ISC)

4). SUNAN PANDANARAN GRAVEYARD

Recreational Tourism

Spiritual Tourism Indoor swimming pool facility that can be enjoyed any time

Tomb of the first Regent of Semarang descendant of Demak King

3.Kec. Semarang Barat5). MARINA RECREATIONAL PARK

6). RONGGOWARSITO MUSEUM

7). MANDALA BHAKTI MUSEUM

8). KLENTENG SAM POO KHONG GEDUNG BATU

9). PURI MAEROKOCO MINI PARK

10). TANJUNG MAS BEACH

11). NAHAGAYA VIHARABeach

Culture Tourism

Historical Tourism

Spiritual Tourism

Recreational Tourism

Beach

Spiritual Tourism

Recreational Park beach equipped for a beachside swimming pool, a boat, and a mini train.

Museum storage archaeological objects, natural history, national culture, and cultural insight archipelago.

Military struggle museum which was established to perpetuate the work of the Diponegoro Regional Military Soldiers fighting in defense of the state, contains a collection of the history of the Armed Forces, a collection of firearms / weapons, vehicles war colonial era.

Batu Caves and Sam Poo Kong temple worship Merchant of Mainland China holds Admiral Cheng Ho, the Chinese architecture building

Building and Jawa Tengah miniature

Tanjung Mas is the first port of Semarang form of streams or Kali Semarang became the only veins transport of goods by boat.

Worship Place of Buddhism

4.Kec. Semarang Utara12). BLENDUK CURCH

13). PARADISE CLUBSpiritual Tourism

Recreational Tourism Ancient Church with a high value of anti-style architecture europe, has a rare and old organ located in the middle area of the Old Town

Sport club, gym and swimming pool in Pondok Indraprasta.

5Kec. Semarang Timur14). OASIS SWIMMING POOLRecreational TourismSwimming pool

6Kec. Gajah Mungkur15). JATIDIRI SWIMMING POOLRecreational Tourism Sport center

7Kec. Candisari16). TAMAN BUDAYA RADEN SALEH (TBRS)

17). WONDERIA RECREATIONAL PARK

18). WATER BLASTER

Recreational Tourism

Recreational Tourism

Recreational Tourism Park with convention room, open theatre, also Raden Saleh museum

Children playground

Family water playground

8Kec. Gayamsari19). MESJID AGUNG JAWA TENGAH

Religion Tourism The biggest mosque of modern architecture in Central Java, equipped with Tower to see the sights of the city of Semarang, and a giant umbrella, is hoped to be the center of Islamic Pilgrimage tour of Central Java

9Kec. Ngaliyan20). KAMPOENG WISATA TAMAN LELE

21). NGALIYAN TIRTA INDAH SPROT CENTER

Recreational Tourism

Recreational Tourism Reptile park with playground, swimming pool, and hotel

Family recreational park

10Kec. Mijen22). SODONG AGRO TOURISMAgro Tourism Natural rural tourism, agro products fruit, agriculture, forest, orchid garden, fish pond, garden longan, cattle, chicken and buffalo, as well as freshwater ponds. In addition, combined also with petilasan Sunan Kalijaga

11Kec. Gunungpati23). KREO CAVE

24). TINJOMOYO FORESTNatural Tourism

Natural Tourism

Nature contains hundreds of species of monkeys in a steep cliff, there are two adjoining caves that Kreo and Hedgehogs, equipped with rare trees that are hundreds of years. Sorrounding by scenic natural landscape with the background, rice fields, villages, mountains

Camping ground, outbond, air soft gun, bird watching, paint ball, off road, tracking dan motor cross

12Kec. Banyumanik25). JAMU JAGO AND MURI MUSEUM

26). BUDHAGAYA WATUGONG VIHARA

27). DIPONEGORO SWIMMING POOLCultural Tourism

Spiritual Tourism

Recreational Tourism Jamu museum that shows traditional medicine manufacture. Indonesian Record Museum (MURI) which displays remarkable record of achievement by humans.

Highest Buddhist pagodas and temples across Indonesia

Swimming pool

13Kec. Genuk28). JAMU NY. MENEER MUSEUM

Cultural Tourism

Museum of equipment and materials for various sera herbal medicinal products Cap Potert Ny. Meneer

14Kec. Tugu29). MANGKANG ZOO

Recreational TourismZoo

Source : Buku Direktori Usaha Pariwisata Tahun 2010, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Semarang

Coastal ManagementAccording to Law No. 1 of 2014 (amendment of Law No. 27 of 2007) on the management of coastal areas, coastal areas is the transition between terrestrial and marine ecosystems are affected by changes in land and marine.While the scope of the regency/municipality coastal areas regulation Towards the dry land include sub-district administrative boundaries and towards the sea waters as far as four (4) nautical miles from the coastline. Semarang City is a coastal city with the actual coastline along 36.63 KM. Semarang City coastal marine area is equal to 10,048.80 hectares, while the coastal land area is amounted to 9,111.28 hectares which is divided into four districts. Tugu district is the largest coastal district in Semarang City (2,985.99 hectares), followed by Genuk district (2,708.38 hectares), Semarang Barat district (2,247.97 hectares) and Semarang Utara district (1,168.94 hectares).

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4 mil4 milGenukSemarang UtaraSemarang BaratTuguGenukFigure 7. Semarang City Coastal AreaSource: Department of MarineandFisheriesof Semarang City (2010)Marine Area 10,048.80 hectares

Compact CityAs the capital city of Central Java, Semarang has been growing rapidly. 1990s is regarded as the peak period where additional built-up areas reach more than 8,000 Km2. There were some remarkable development in 1990s. It was indicated that development of huge number of new urban settlement in peri-urban area of Semarang has been started in the early 1990s. There was also relocation of educational zone (Diponegoro University) from city centre to the suburb area during the period.

Figure 8. Additional Built-Up Area in Semarang, 1972-2009(Source : Handayani, 2014)

Development of new housing on large parcels of land in the peri-urban region along with increasing growth rate of in migration is regarded a common nature of sprawling. This phenomena is clearly observed in the urban growth pattern of Semarang Metropolitan. At least since 1990s, suburbanization has been characterized Semarang development. It started with the development of a satellite city ( 1,000 Ha) in the outskirt area of western part of Semarang. It was developed based on a concept of integrated urban development so called as Semarang New Town Development. Accordingly, Semarang Government also had been facilitated big developers to develop new settlement in the outskirt of southern, as well as eastern part until recently.

Figure 9. Semarang Built-Up Area Development, 1972-2005(Source : Bappeda Kota Semarang, 2005)

The facilitation is not only limited to middle-high class society but also to accomodate low income people in the suburbs area. Considering a high rate of land conversion as the implication of the facilitation, it is just in 2011, the local government has revised the spatial planning regulation and provide a more strict zoning regulation in the outskirt area.However, as can be seen in Figure 9, the densest area is actually concentrated only within two kilometers range from the city center. Subsequently, with the range of 3-5 km distance from city centre, built-up density is falling down quite significant. Scaterred development take place in the urban fringe of the metropolitan area. The comercial strip development where urban activities are likely to concentrate in the main road are also could be clearly observed. Indeed, accessibility should be also regarded as important variables to control sprawling phenomena.

General Overview of Semarang Spatial Planning

POLICES AND STRATEGIESStructure development policies :1. Activity service center consolidation that strengthen international trade and services activities, the strategies are : a. Establishes a hierarchy of system service center in stages; b. Develop services seaports and airports as a national gateway;c. Develop modern and traditional trading center with international level;d. Develop secondary vocational education, colleges, and universities activities;e. Developing nature and cultural tourism activities; f. Develop meeting and exhibition services activities.2. Increasing accessibility and linkages between centers, the strategies are :a. Increasing the capacity of the road network that encourages interaction between the activities within the city;b. Developing inner ring road, middle ring road, and outer ring road, and also radial road;c. Improve service mode of transportation that supports the growth and development of service activities;d. Developing mass rapid transportation; e. Develop a regional public transportation terminals, public transport terminal in the city, public transport sub-terminal;f. Developing freight transport terminals sinergy with sea port; g. Increasing transportation modes integration.

3. Improving the quality and range of services public utilities infrastructure systems, the strategies are :a. Distributing neighborhood facilities in each region according to the function activity center and hierarchy of service; b. Developing energy infrastructure systems;c. Develop telecommunications networks and information systems in the economic growth area;d. Developing water resources infrastructure;e. Improving waste management system with the environmentally techniques; f. Improving the quality of clean water into drinking water;g. Improving wastewater management infrastructure; h. Develop an integrated system of drainage infrastructure.

Conservation area management policies :1. Improved functioning of conservation area management, the strategies are :a. Restore and set the appropriate land tenure designation of conservation function gradually to the State;b. Increasing the value of conservation area; c. Establish areas that have slopes above 40% as conservation areas function.2. Preservation of cultural heritage area, the strategies are :a. Increase the value of the historical and high architectural value district; b. Developing the potential of social culture that have historical value.3. The increase in green open space provision proportionally in all regions of the City, the strategies are :a. Maintain the existing green open space;b. Returns the green open spaces that have been converted; c. Increasing the availability of green open spaces in the city center; d. Agroforestry development;e. Developing innovation in green open space provision; f. Developing cooperation and partnership with private sector.

Cultivated area development policies :1. Cultivated area regulation based on the carrying capacity;a. Define low-built up area in upper-region; b. Optimizing the development of the downtown area; c. Limit the development of industrial estates.2. Compact and efficient urban development; a. Developing high-rise building in the downtown;b. Developing incentive and disincentive mechanism.3. Management and development of coastal areas. a. Developing and maintain the reclamation area;b. Developing retention pond and sea dike to prevent the flood and sea inundation;c. Coastal greening.

Strategic area development policies :1. Strategic area of economic growth development, the strategies are : a. Define the downtown as international central business district ;b. Maintain surrounding seaport area.2. Development of environmental support strategic area, the strategies are :a. Develop flood control systems and raw water sources; b. Setting the reclamation area utilization by combining environmental protection and regional development; c. Improving economic value and social value of the area without disturbing the primary function. 3. Development of socio-cultural strategic area, the strategies are :a. Maintain and preserve the historic building area;b. Develop the use of the building in order to preserve; c. Development of tourism activities.

CITY STRUCTURE PLANThe main elements are used as the basis for determining the service structure center of the area are : hierarchical road networks, infrastructure, and main activities of the region. Hierarchical structure in Semarang is divided into two main groups, namely : primary service centers hierarchy (which is related to the function of Semarang as National Activity Center (PKN) and the capital city of Central Java Province) and secondary service center hierarchy (urban internal functions).1. Primary Service Center Region / activity in this context is actually a derivative given by the central government and the provinces established by the National Spatial Plan and the Provincial Spatial Plan. These activities not only for Semarang alone, but can be used by all population in the Central Java. Types of activities that reflect Semarang as National Activity Center (PKN) and the capital city of Central Java Province, are :a. Transportation NodeTransportration node activity types that stated as national and regional service centers are : airports, sea ports, road terminals, railway station. The existence of a transportation node will greatly affect the role of Semarang as one of the city designated as National Activity Center (PKN) by the National Spatial Plan (RTRWN). The existence of this transport facility should support the development of specific policies, such as; flight operations safety area to the airport, sea port development areas, as well as the integrated terminal system for land, sea and air transportation.b. EducationEducation developed in this hierarchy is a high-education and special education. High-education developed in Tembalang (UNDIP, POLINES, etc), Sekaran (UNNES), Pedurungan (USM, AMNI, etc). While special education (Police Academy) developed Gajahmungkur.c. SportSports and leisure activities which has regional and national services scale are GOR Jatidiri, located in Gajahmungkur.d. Office Office area that is in this hierarchy is the Central Java government office area. This area is located in Semarang Selatan (Jalan Pahlawan) and in Semarang Barat (Madukoro).e. CulturalCultural area developed by the Central Java province government are located in PRPP area (Semarang Barat), Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah (Pedurungan).

2. Secondary Service CenterSemarang internal hierarchy contains the planned commercial activities (trade and services) and public facilities into a service center for Semarang and its surrounding, until the neighborhood service center. Internal hierarchy in Semarang Spatial Plan consists of :1. City Service Center Zone This area is planned as a city center with regional services scale. This area is planned as a trade center, and public services facilities with modern urban settlements support, apartements, flats, etc. The area is planned to have firts hierarchy of service in a triangular area called PETAWANGI (Peterongan, Tawang, Siliwangi).2. Border City Service Sub-Center ZoneThis area is planned in Semarang border area and its surrounding area. Commercial activity in this area will not only serve parts of the city (BWK), is also expected to serve outside the border area of Semarang. The area is planned to have a secondary hierarchy of service that is Pedurungan, Banyumanik, Ngaliyan (BSB), and Mangkang service center.3. BWK Service Sub-Center ZoneThis area is planned will only serve parts of the city (BWK). The area is planned to have a third hierarchy of service that is in Tembalang, Gunungpati, and Mijen.3. Tertiary Service CenterThis area will only serve neighborhood units. Types of activities planned in this area should consider the public interest in the certain neighborhood.

SEMARANG LAND USE PLANDevided into 2 types, conservation zone and utilized zone : 1. Conservation Zone Planninga. Zone That Providing Protection to Subordinates AreaIt consist of an area with more than 40 % slope with water catchment area function. Location of water cachtment zone are : Kecamatan Tembalang; Kecamatan Banyumanik; Kecamatan Gunungpati; Kecamatan Mijen; Kecamatan Ngaliyan; Kecamatan Gajahmungkur; Kecamatan Semarang Selatan; dan Kecamatan Candisari.Water cachtment zone plan : Water cachtment zone rehabilitation through forestation; and Use water cachtment zone as forest fuction. b. Local Protected Zone1) Coastal bank;a) natural coastal bank along the coast within 100 (one hundred) meters from the high water mark set point with an area of approximately 175 (one hundred and seventy five) hectares, include: Kelurahan Mangkang Kulon; Kelurahan Mangunharjo; Kelurahan Mangkang Wetan; Kelurahan Randugarut; and Kelurahan Tugurejo.b) artificial coastal bank by reclamation equipped with retaining walls (break water) are set to 50 (fifty) meters from the shoreline include: Kelurahan Jerakah; Kelurahan Tambakharjo; Kelurahan Tawangsari; Kelurahan Tawangmas; Kelurahan Panggung Lor; Kelurahan Bandarharjo; Kelurahan Tanjung Mas; and Kelurahan Terboyo Kulon.

Coastal bank planning are : Coast line protection; Coastal bank greening; and Reclamation area regulation are further regulated by other local regulations.2) River bank; Garang River System; Kripik River System; Kreo River System; Beringin River System; Pengkol River System; Banjirkanal Timur River System; Babon River System; Sringin River System; and Other rivers.River bank plan are : The protection and strengthening of river dike; River bank greening; and Inspection road development.

3) Dam and pond bank;Dam bank plan are : Jatibarang Dam in Kelurahan Kedungpane, Kelurahan Kandri and Kelurahan Jatirejo; Kripik Dam in Kelurahan Sadeng, Kelurahan Sukorejo, Kelurahan Sekaran, Kelurahan Kalisegoro and Kelurahan Pongangan; Mundingan Dam in Kelurahan Jatibarang, Kelurahan Purwosari, Kelurahan Mijen and Kelurahan Cepoko; and Garang Dam in Kelurahan Pakintelan and Kelurahan Pudakpayung.Pond bank plan are : Wonosari Pond in Kelurahan Wonosari; Tambakaji Pond in Kelurahan Tambakaji; Bringin Pond in Kelurahan Bringin and Gondoriyo; Kedungpane Pond in Kelurahan Kedungpane; Ngadirgo Pond in Kelurahan Ngadirgo; Purwoyoso Pond in Kelurahan Purwoyoso; Bambankerep Pond in Kelurahan Bambankerep; Madukoro Pond in Kelurahan Tawangmas; Semarang Indah Pond in Kelurahan Krobokan; Sambiroto I Pond in Kelurahan Sambiroto; Sambiroto II Pond in Kelurahan Sambiroto; Jangli Pond in Kelurahan Jangli; Mangunharjo Pond in Kelurahan Mangunharjo; Bulusan Pond in Kelurahan Bulusan; UNDIP Pond in Kelurahan Tembalang; dan Gedawang Pond in Kelurahan Gedawang.Dam and pond bank utilization are : Protection and strengthening the dike; Dam and pond area greening; and Inspection road development surrounding the dam and pond.

c. Green Open SpaceSemarang has planned green open space with 12.211 hectares consist of : Private green open space as 10 % from city region with 3.737 hectares; and Public green open space as 20 % from city region with 7.474 hectares. Green open space plan are : improving the quality of green open space that already exists in all parts of the city; new green open space development in city center; new technology development in order to provide more green open space; and eco-tourism forest development.

d. Natural and Cultural Preservation ZoneNatural and cultural preservation area consist of :1) Forest park : Kreo Cave in Kecamatan Gunungpati; and Tinjomoyo Forest in Kecamatan Gunungpati.2) Cultural heritage area : Kota Lama Area; Petudungan Area; Kampung Kulitan Area; Kampung Batik Area; Pecinan Area; Johar Area; Kampung Melayu Area; Kampung Kauman Area; Tugu Muda Area; Kampung Senjoyo Area; Sam Po Kong Area; PJKA Settlement in Kedungjati; Sunan Terboyo Tomb; and Kampung Sekayu Area.3) Mangrove Forest in Kecamatan Tugu and Kecamatan Genuk consist of : Kelurahan Mangunharjo; Kelurahan Mangkang Kulon; Kelurahan Mangkang Wetan; Kelurahan Randugarut; Kelurahan Karanganyar; Kelurahan Tugurejo; Kelurahan Terboyo Kulon; and Kelurahan Trimulyo. 4) Wildlife migration area : Bird migration area in Kelurahan Srondol Kulon, Kecamatan Banyumanik; Monkey preservation area in Kelurahan Sadeng, Kecamatan Gunungpati; and Monkey preservation area Ondorante in Kelurahan Pudakpayung, Kecamatan Banyumanik.

e. Disaster Zone1) Sea inundation area : Kecamatan Semarang Barat; Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Kecamatan Semarang Timur; Kecamatan Genuk; Kecamatan Gayamsari; and Kecamatan Tugu. 2) Coastal erotion area : Kecamatan Tugu; Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Kecamatan Genuk; and Kecamatan Semarang Barat. 3) Flood-prone area : Kecamatan Gajahmungkur; Kecamatan Gayamsari; Kecamatan Ngaliyan; Kecamatan Tugu; Kecamatan Semarang Barat; Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Kecamatan Semarang Timur; Kecamatan Pedurungan; and Kecamatan Genuk.4) Land slide area : Kecamatan Mijen : Kelurahan Mijen, Kelurahan Jatibarang, Kelurahan Kedungpane, and Kelurahan Purwosari. Kecamatan Gunungpati : Kelurahan Sadeng, Kelurahan Kandri, Kelurahan Pongangan, Kelurahan Nongkosawit, Kelurahan Kalisegoro, Kelurahan Sukorejo, Kelurahan Patemon, and Kelurahan Pakintelan. Kecamatan Banyumanik : Kelurahan Gedawang, Kelurahan Tinjomoyo, Kelurahan Srondol Kulon, Kelurahan Banyumanik, Kelurahan Pudakpayung, and Kelurahan Jabungan. Kecamatan Tembalang : Kelurahan Meteseh, Kelurahan Bulusan, Kelurahan Kramas, and Kelurahan Rowosari. Kecamatan Semarang Barat in Kelurahan Manyaran.5) Active faults : Kecamatan Tembalang : Kelurahan Jangli, Kelurahan Tembalang, Kelurahan Bulusan, and Kelurahan Kramas. Kecamatan Banyumanik : Kelurahan Srondol Kulon, Kelurahan Tinjomoyo, Kelurahan Pedalangan, Kelurahan Jabungan, Kelurahan Padangsari, Kelurahan Sumurboto, and Kelurahan Tinjomoyo. Kecamatan Gunungpati : Kelurahan Sumurejo, Kelurahan Mangunsari, Kelurahan Pakintelan, Kelurahan Plalangan, Kelurahan Patemon, Kelurahan Sekaran, Kelurahan Kalisegoro, Kelurahan Sadeng, Kelurahan Pongangan, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kelurahan Cepoko, Kelurahan Kandri, Kelurahan Gunungpati, Kelurahan Sukorejo, Kecamatan Ngaliyan : Kelurahan Ngaliyan, Kelurahan Kalipancur, and Kelurahan Bambankerep. Kecamatan Mijen : Kelurahan Tambangan, Kelurahan Jatirejo, Kelurahan Jatibarang, Kelurahan Wonoplumbon, Kelurahan Ngadirgo, Kelurahan Purwosari, and Kelurahan Cangkiran. Kecamatan Gajahmungkur : Kelurahan Bendan Duwur, Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor, Kelurahan Sampangan, Kelurahan Bendan Ngisor, and Kelurahan Petompon. Kecamatan Semarang Barat : Kelurahan Kembangarum, Kelurahan Manyaran, and Kelurahan Ngemplak Simongan. Kecamatan Candisari : Kelurahan Karanganyar Gunung, and Kelurahan Jomblang. Kecamatan Semarang Selatan : Kelurahan Lamper Kidul, Kelurahan Peterongan, and Kelurahan Wonodri. Kecamatan Semarang Timur : Kelurahan Karang Kidul, Kelurahan Sarirejo, and Kelurahan Jagalan. 6) Hurricane area : Kecamatan Tembalang; Kecamatan Banyumanik; Kecamatan Gunungpati; and Kecamatan Mijen.

2. Utilized Zone Planninga. Production Forest 2.171 hectares production forest in : Kecamatan Ngaliyan; Kecamatan Mijen; and Kecamatan Banyumanik.b. Housing ZoneHousing area planning : High-dense housing in BWK I, BWK II, BWK III, BWK V; Middle-dense housing in BWK IV, BWK VI, BWK VII, and Kecamatan Tugu; and Low-dense housing in BWK VIII, BWK IX, and Kecamatan Ngaliyan.c. Trade and Service Zone1) Main traditional market planning : Agro market development in Kecamatan Gayamsari and Kecamatan Gunungpati; Quality improvement of Johar Market in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah. City and regional market quality improvement : Johar, Bulu, Peterongan, Rejomulyo, Dargo, Karimata, Karangayu, Mangkang, Satriyo Wibowo Market, and Penggaron Poultry Abattoir. Neighborhood-scale market improvement within the city.2) Modern market development : International shoping center development in Peterongan Tawang Siliwangi triangle area; Shoping center development in every part of the city (BWK); and Integrated shoping center with considering surrounding informal activity.3) Shop and modern retail development : Modern retail development in neighborhood center; Shoping area should palced minimum in local secondary road and prpper with planning regulation.4) Other services : Exhibition center and convention center development in Kecamatan Pedurungan, Kecamatan Semarang Selatan, Kecamatan Gajahmungkur and Kecamatan Semarang Utara; and Hotel development in city and BWK center.

d. Office Building Zone1) Government office zone : Provincial Office improvement in Pahlawan Road, Madukoro Road, and other location; Mayor and legislative office improvement in Pemuda Road; Public service office in Kecamatan Mijen; All public service offices improvement in the city; and Use government office area for public open space. 2) Private office zone : Directing and developing the activities of private offices located in the trade and services area; and Office facilities and infrastructure improvement.

e. Education ZoneEducation zone planning : High-education quality improvement in BWK II, BWK IV, BWK VI, BWK VIII, and BWK X with environment regulation; Vocational school facilities development in Kecamatan Mijen; and Primary and middle education facilities development.

f. Industrial Zone1) Bonded zone : Kawasan Industri Lamicitra Nusantara Industrial Zone in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; and Wijayakusuma Industrial Zone in Kecamatan Tugu. 2) Industrial and warehousing zone : Industrial Zone in Kecamatan Genuk with 303 hectares area; Tugu Industrial Zone with 495 hectares; Candi Industrial Estate with 450 hectares; Tanjung Emas Industrial Estate and Warehousing Zone; Industrial Zone in Kecamatan Mijen with 175 hectares; Industrial Zone in Kecamatan Pedurungan with 58 hectares; Merdeka Wirastama Industrial Estate in Kecamatan Genuk with 300 hectares; Tambak Lorok Power Plant in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; and Pertamina Oil Depot in Kecamatan Semarang Timur.3) Small and home industry : Bugangan Area in Kecamatan Semarang Timur and Small Industrial Area (LIK) in Kecamatan Genuk; Small and home industries that do not cause pollution can be located in residential areas in a cluster; and Small and home industries that cause pollutiion should be located in industrial zone.

g. Sport Zone Jatidiri Sport Center in Kecamatan Gajahmungkur; Citarum Stadium in Kecamatan Semarang Timur; Tri Lomba Juang Stadium in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Diponegoro Stadium in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Manunggal Jati Sport Center in Kecamatan Pedurungan; Sport Center development in Kecamatan Pedurungan; Sport Center development in Kecamatan Mijen; and Neighborhood-scale sport area integrated with green open space.

h. Tourism Zone1) Maritime tourism in Kecamatan Semarang Utara, Kecamatan Genuk, Kecamatan Semarang Barat, and Kecamatan Tugu;2) Mangkang Zoo in Kelurahan Wonosari, Kecamatan Ngaliyan;3) Agro-tourism in Kecamatan Banyumanik, Kecamatan Tembalang, Kecamatan Gunungpati, and Kecamatan Mijen;4) Children playground in Kecamatan Candisari; 5) Water playground in Kecamatan Semarang Utara, Kecamatan Tembalang, and Kecamatan Mijen;6) Religious torism : Masjid Agung Semarang in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Blenduk Church in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Sam Po Kong Temple di Kecamatan Semarang Barat; Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah in Kecamatan Gayamsari; and Watugong Temple in Kecamatan Banyumanik.7) Natural and heritage tourism : Kampung Pecinan in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Kampung Melayu in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Ronggowarsito Museum in Kecamatan Semarang Barat; PRPP Area in Kecamatan Semarang Barat; Maerokoco Area in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Old Town Area in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; Kampung Batik in Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Tinjomoyo Forest in Kecamatan Gunungpati; Jatibarang Dam and Kreo Cave in Kecamatan Gunungpati; Garang River Valley in Kecamatan Gunungpati and Kecamatan Banyumanik; Pajajaran-Majapahit Border Monument in Kecamatan Tugu; Taman Lele in Kecamatan Ngaliyan; and Art Market in Raden Saleh Cultural Park in Kecamatan Candisari. 8) Shoping tourism in Johar, Simpang Lima and Pandanaran Corridor.

i. Transportation Zone Ahmad Yani International Airport; Tanjung Emas Sea Port; and Poncol and Tawang Train Station.

j. Security and Defense Zone Regional Military Office in Kecamatan Banyumanik; Infantery Base in Kecamatan Banyumanik and Kecamatan Semarang Tengah; Artilery Base in Kecamatan Candisari; Army Flight Base in Kecamatan Semarang Barat; Military Training Zone in Kecamatan Tembalang; Police Academy in Kecamatan Gajahmungkur; Navy Office Zone in Kecamatan Semarang Utara; and Police Zone in Kecamatan Banyumanik and Kecamatan Semarang Selatan; Other security and defense zone.

k. Agricultural Zone1) Crops zone with 3.056 hectares in : Kecamatan Genuk; Kecamatan Pedurungan; Kecamatan Tembalang; Kecamatan Gunungpati; Kecamatan Ngaliyan; Kecamatan Mijen; and Kecamatan Tugu.2) Horticulture Zone with 2.499 hectares in : Kecamatan Tembalang; Kecamatan Gunungpati; Kecamatan Mijen; and Kecamatan Ngaliyan.

l. Fishery Zone Fisheries Zone in Kecamatan Semarang Utara, Kecamatan Genuk and Kecamatan Tugu. Aquaculture Zone in Kecamatan Tugu, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kecamatan Mijen, Kecamatan Semarang Tengah and Kecamatan Genuk. Fish processing facilities in Kecamatan Semarang Utara, Kecamatan Semarang Barat, Kecamatan Tugu and Kecamatan Gayamsari.

m. Mine ZoneOil and gas mining zone in Kecamatan Tugu.

n. General Services Zone General services zone includes health facilities, worship facilities, as well as security and safety facilities.

o. Non-Green Open Space Building Non-Green Open Space; Neigborhood Non-Green Open Space; City Non-Green Open Space; and Certain function Non-Green Open Space.

Part 4Analysis

Spatial Planning Policy vs Dinamic Condition

1. Green Open SpaceThe green open space is one of Semarang city government plan measures that contained in the Regional Regulation of Semarang City No. 14/2011. That step is in accordance with the state of the Semarang city which is shortage of green space as a form of environmental preservation. Simmonds (1961), mention that the existence of green open space in the middle of urban areas will be very helpful to preserve quality of the environment and the availability of space to take a breathe fresh, as the lungs of city, buffering clean water sources, and preventing erosion.Generally, the ideal conditions of green open space in Semarang City has been set up on Regional Regulation of Semarang City No. 14/2011 in article 64 should have minimum size 30% of the total urban area, divided into 20% for public green open space and 10% for private green open space that referrals to have a green open space for the entire houses, offices and factories in all areas of the Semarang City. Semarang City is one of cities that participated in the green city development program (P2KH) so the formation Regional Regulation of Semarang City No. 14/2011 is to support green city development program (P2KH) that have same purposes to improve the quality of urban space, especially to realize 30% of green open space and implementation of spatial planning in Semarang City. Basically, this ideal condition of green open space that has been set up in the government program and policy is a good guidelines for the Semarang City government to realize, implement, regulate and control the green open space existence in the Semarang City accordance with the spatial planning purposes.Basically, green open space development in Semarang City is a concept of greening pattern which follows the direction of the spatial planning development. It is spread follows the pattern of the road network and community activity centers. According to the direction of spatial planning development, green open space development that follows the pattern of the road network is to the west (Tugu Distric), to the east (Genuk Distric), to the south (Banyumanik Distric) and to the east-southeast (Pedurungan Distric). While the green open space development that follows community activity centers is develop in the Tugu Distric, Genuk Distric, Banyumanik Distric, Mijen Distric, Gunungpati Distric, and the central city of Semarang itself. Generally, there are several strategies for improving and provision of green open spaces in the Semarang City i.e :1. Restoring the function of green open space that has been converted gradually.2. Increase the availability of green open spaces in the city center of Semarang.3. Maintain and organize the functions of existing green open spaces and and control the land conversion.4. Develop forest and city park in Bendan Duwur Region.

Restoring the function of green open space that has been converted gradually.Increase the availability of green open spaces in the city center of Semarang.Maintain and organize the functions of existing green open spaces and and control the land conversion.

Develop forest and city park in Bendan Duwur Region.

Figure 10. Strategies For Improving And Provision Of Green Open Spaces In the Semarang City(Source : Dinas Kebersihan Pertamanan Kota Semarang, 2010)

However, there are many problems and issues to realize 30% of green open space and implementation of spatial planning in Semarang City such as : Decreasing the green open spaceRapid urban growth has a good impact in economic and social development sector in the Semarang City. In other hand, it created a higher frequency and various activities of the community in the Semarang City. It has implications for increased need for space to support complex activities in the Semarang City. The indicator that can be seen is increasing the built up area in the Semarang City. It means there is land use evolution that has an impact on the decreasing the green open space in the Semarang City. This has caused a decline in the quality of the Semarang urban environment such as floods, high levels of air pollution and future impact can declining productivity of society as a result of stress because of the limited space availablility for social interaction. For example, Bringin River Flood (area of BWK X) that caused by opening new land for housing, thereby reducing the ability of water catchment areas when the rain occurred on the upstream side. The park development still focused in the city center.Park is one form of public green open spaces. In Semarang City, it is included the city park and the field that become one of the public space with ecological and aesthetics function for suroounding area and forming of space social environment. It became space for the Semarang City community to get the ecological values that exist in the environment of their activities. In fact, the park development still focused in the city center. The most of park is found in lowland areas of city center and the lost space between buildings and other structures that support the activities of citizens. The Park Distribution in Semarang City shown in the table below :Table 6. Park Distribution in Semarang CityNO.RegionType TotalWide (m2)

Active ParkPasive Park

1Semarang Utara86147.160,15

2Semarang Tengah2272923.091,15

3Semarang Timur11213217.956,00

4Semarang Barat1131415.343,00

5Semarang Selatan6101624.049,00

6Candisari 191010.638,34

7Gajahmungkur2141621.603,00

8Gayamsari1121.914,00

9Pedurungan1-1588,00

10Banyumanik581312.595,01

Total All Region38109147134.937,65

Source : Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Semarang, 2012

From the table above indicated that the park distribution in the Semarang City is not evenly distributed in all region. It shown that the City Government attention in developing of public green open spaces are still lack, especially developing of public green open space in each BWK. It look from the lack effort of city government to fulfill the park quota, where the efforts to fulfill the current park quota is around 7.3% (Suara Merdeka, 2013). It become the homework for city government to work harder and realize 20% public green open space according to spatial planning regulation. Land use in the area of border rivers, dams, railways, and under bridges are not optimized as green open spaces.The existence of border rivers, dams, railways and underbridge is potential area to develop as green open space. It is supported by Regional Regulation of Semarang City No. 14/2011 that has been set up this area as public green open space. Exactly, Semarang City have this area that spread in all region of BWK. For example, border of railways, where is passed by a double track railway from Jakarta to Surabaya. Basically, the border of railways can be utilized as green open space according to spatial planning regulation. If this area can utilize according to the function, that the Semarang City can improve the quality and quantity of green open space area to support and realize the 30% of green open space, because the area is already exists. Beside that it can be water catchmen area and provide convenience for the citizen. Therefore, the ecological and aesthetics function of green open space for suroounding area can be fulfilled. But in fact, implementation the border of railways as green open space are not optimized. Commonly, the land use in the area of border rivers, dams, railways, and under bridges are not accordance with city government guideline such as utilized for settlement area. It makes the implementation to optimize this area as green open space is hard to do if the city government does not assertive in enforcing the policy. The multiplier effect in future is causes low levels of city convenience, decreasing the level of welfare and indirectly causing the loss of local culture values. Implementation of the basic building coefficient (KDB) and the green base coefficient (KDH) is not accordance with the spatial planning direction criterias.The increasing population in Semarang City will have implications on the high pressure on the urban land use, especially the provision of settlement area, public facilities and public open spaces. In fact, the phenomenon of settlement area and public facilities is spread in the each centre of BWK. It is increasing following the number of population and community activity in Semarang City. In the other hand, the settlement area and public facilities development is not accordance with the spatial planning direction criterias, especially in the criteria of KDB and KDH. For example, the settlement area in the city center of Semarang, the existing condition is higher density with KDB less than 60% of the total area and KDH less than 20% of the total area. It caused by the formation of settlement area has been build before the formation of spatial planning. In the other hand, the city center has a limited space to develop. So the growth of settlement area and public facilities in the Semarang City is used other space like public space to develop, it caused the the percentage of green open space in the Semarang City less than 30%. The development of roof garden and argoforesty has not been implemented properly to support the existence of green open spaces.According to the Regional Regulation of Semarang City No. 4/2011, the development of roof garden and agroforesty has been set up to support the existence of green open spaces in Semarang City. In fact, the roof garden development has not been implemented properly. There are many building in the Semarang City have not implemented yet the spatial planning deriction. The increasing buit up area in the Semarang City can be potential factor to implement the roof garden development, because it is utilize the roof of building that already exsist to develop the green open space. It did not need more new space, just optimize the exsisting space. But to coverage this direction, the city government should be detiled the criterias in the regulation, because the creiteria did not already mention detailed in the regional regulation. Besides that the city government have to involve the all stakeholder which related in the green open space development. Good collaboration will help this development work effectively.

Problems and Issues of Green Open Space in The Semarang CityLack of optimization of the green open space provision both quantitative and qualitativeWeakness of institutional and human resourceLack of stakeholder involvement in the implementation of green open space developmentLimited space in the urban areaRegional Regulation No. 4/2011 on Spatial Planning Semarang CityGreen open space should have minimum size 30% of the total urban area, 20% for public green open space and 10% for private green open spaceSpatial Planning Implementation vs Green Open Space ConditionDecreasing the green open spaceThe park development still focused in the city centerThe existence of KDB and KDH not accordance with the spatial planning directionRoof garden and argoforesty has not been implemented properly

Figure 11. Problems and Issues of Green Open Space in The Semarang City(Source : Analysis, 2014)

2. Urban TourismTourism is a sector that is lately very popular in some regions and developing countries. Tourism is the answer to the saturation of existing economic activities. There are 4 (four) factors that encourage the city to the direction of tourism development, namely:1. The decline of long-established manufacturing activities;2. The need to create new economic activities or face high unemployment;3. The perception of tourism as a growth industry; and4. The hope that tourism development will result in the regeneration and revitalization of urban cores (Law, 1993).

Semarang with its spatial planning in Semarang City Regulation No. 14 of 2011 has provided a separate room for the development of the tourism sector. Spatially, tourism in the city of Semarang has each location. The cultural tourism, religious tourism, beach tourism, recreational tourism and nature tourism are set up in that local regulation.On the other hand, the trend of tourism in Semarang city is cultural tourism. Some places are a legacy or inheritance from previous generations, has been made the object of the tourism activities. Semarang city rich in cultural heritage and history, therefore the development of the city of Semarang is inseparable from the cultural tourism sector activities. Tourist attractions that became cultural heritage are :1. Chinatown Village in Central Semarang district;2. Melayu village in Central Semarang district;3. Ronggowarsito Museum in West Semarang district;4. Regions of PRPP in West Semarang district;5. Maerokoco park in North Semarang district;6. Old Town area in North Semarang district;7. Batik village area in Central Semarang district;8. Limit monument between Padjadjaran Kingdom and Majapahit Kingdom in Tugu district;9. Art Market at Taman Budaya Raden Saleh in Candisari district;10. The Great Mosque area in Central Semarang district;11. Blenduk Church area in North Semarang district;12. Sam Po Kong Temple in West Semarang district;13. The Great Mosque area of Central Java in Gayamsari district; and14. Watugong monastery area in Banyumanik district.

Semarang city has to clean up on the arrangement of space for a variety of sectors. In a regional law No. 14 of 2011 has clearly divisions. Of all the problems that arise can be described as below:

a) Placement AttractionsPlacement various cultural tourist sites mentioned above occupies almost the entire existing BWK. Some BWK that cater for functions of an industrial area are tourist sites. An example is the existence of Padjadjaran Limit monument with Majapahit in District monument in the area designated as an industrial area (BWK X). In the city of Semarang Regional regulation No. 14 of 2011 on Spatial Planning of Semarang had arranged that most of the sub-district monument in the area designated as the manufacturing industry. The industrial area is functioning integrated / cluster such as industrial estates and industrial areas Wijayakusuma monument located in the Village Jerakah. By design zones designated as an industrial area, of course it will have an impact on travel existence itself. Cultural and historical attractions are to be reduced by the presence of the attraction in the surrounding industrial conditions. Things that need to be needed for the monument boundary of the empire was the development of the tourist area around the monument boundary with the design and facilities that support the background of cultural tourism. For example, with the development of a broader green garden and pools of water.

b) Non-physical cultureThe setting of the tourist area is good enough in a regional law No. 14 of 2011, but more inclined towards physical cultural heritage. As we know that culture is a human creation that has a value and the need to preserve its existence. Culture also includes non-physical culture such as social interaction and organization of cultural products. A spatially own problems if not already set on the location that is capable of preserving the cultural heritage of the non-physical. Non-physical culture in the city of Semarang need attention spatially. An example is the village culture and cultural centers that need further regulation.Painting Art Show Source : Tempo.co.id, 2015Jaran Kepang Art CarnivalSource : Okezone.com, 2014

Figure 12. Non phisical tourism example

c) Eco-TourismAnother problem is of the eco-tourism. Forms of traditional shopping centers that sell goods characterized by local cultural arts has not been set out in the regulation. For example, the city of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, which makes shopping centers art or souvenirs that characterized the local culture. There is a possibility that the city of Semarang had to innovate in creating new forms of eco-tourism such as shopping malls or souvenirs art with an integrated concept. Market development which is designed for the sale of souvenir items can be implemented without prohibit special outlets that sell similar goods.

d) Johar Market AreaIn fact in the market area and surrounding Johar has made the economic center for the city of Semarang. The region has been a center of the first transaction for the city of Semarang. Besides Johar market as the main location, where the market is also the location Ya'i shopping center and at the same historic sites. From the tourist side, where both markets can be made the object of interest. Both besides having historical value, also has eco-tourism appeal that needs to be studied further.

e) Lack of Tourism based of educationSmart park is a kind of tourist sites are designed with a variety of facilities that support for learning, especially for children. These facilities may include a variety of plants, animals in cages and also books or other visual aids that can be used as learning for the visitors. Smart park can be set up near the campus, yempat worship and museums. Smart garden can be an interesting tourist attraction in the city of Semarang. The existence of the park will further enrich variation smart attractions in the city of Semarang. Various tourist attractions in the city of Semarang is generally a nuanced cultural and recreational buildings will tend to have the potential variation of stagnant if not enhanced attraction. It is also at the same time capable of performing the function of education to society Semarang.

f) Agro