GOOD AFTERNOON

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

BIODIVERSITY

PUBLIC POLICIES

Challenges and conflicts

Building the concept of development...

Progress

Growth Sustainable Development

Ecological Development

LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS

From a STATIC point of view, it leads to the

idea of efficiency

From a DYNAMIC point of view, to innovation that

increases efficiency Furtado, 1981

green economy

O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (2013/07/16)

• Es

Rural development – LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS

BACKGROUND

• Rural v Urban relationship

• Agricultural evolution

• Several Green Revolutions

EXTERNAL FACTORS

* Concentration of land ownership and income

* Monoculture

* Discrimination and social exclusion

* Class struggle

* Market model

* Industrial corporations have taken command

* Systemic degradation

(social – environmental)

NEW SIGNIFICANCE

• Private space vs Public space

• Production vs Conservation

• Multifunctional (farming and landscape)

• GREEN ECONOMY.....

Diffusionist methodology Research is popularizing unsuitable technologies

Development of professionals who are acritical regarding the model – UNIVERSITIES...

The dominant power in the countryside

Development Sustainability

Rural Development

Biodiversity

Social

Cultural

Environmental

Sustainability (Utopia)

• Social

• Economic

• Cultural

• Political

• Ethical

• Ecological-Environmental

More than 200 definitions !!

New rural significance and attributes

Multifuncional

Agribusiness

Commodities

Sustainability

Agricultural Biodiversity Ecological Economy

Sovereignty / nutritional security

Legislation

Family Farming

Land Agroecosystems

Ecosystem Services

Violence

Biotechnology

Agroecology

Agrarian Reform

ETC

Public Space

Private Space

Green Economy

Figure : (adapted from PLOEG, 2008).

agriculture according to Rural Logic

(variety of forms)

agriculture according to Capitalist Logic

agriculture according to Business Logic

Conceptual framework – Looking for simplification!

NO NEED FOR A PHYSICAL PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIFIC PRODUCTION UNIT OR

ACTIVITY

AGROECOSYSTEM WITH UNIT OF ANALYSIS

IMPÉRIOS ALIMENTARES E OUTROS DISTINCT UNITS OF ANALYSIS

State Society Biodiversity

Brazilian

Biomes

Brazilian social ‘mega’ diversity

More than 200 different indigenous peoples

Traditional peoples and communities occupy roughly 1/3 of Brazil’s territory

Micro-economy based on

forest products

Knowledge and practices relating to biodiversity management

Crianças kaxinawás, Feijó, Acre

Conflicts, degradation and social exclusion

“Public Policies”

DEVELOPMENT MODELS / POLICIES

DEVELOPMENT vs

Social and Environmental Issues

Conservation vs Preservation vs Development

A challenge to society !!! For the first time in Brazil..a public debate ...

Examples

Action

Projects

Policies...

Development plus Biodiversity:

Research and outreach at Rural settlements in the Vale do Ribeira –

São Paulo state

Management... Is it sustainable ?

Respect, Manage and Coexist with the regional biodiversity

Jaguar footprint at the Apiaí settlement Fruit of the Bromelia pinguin, used to make a medicinal syrup.

Farmers participating in the surveying of the biodiversity at the Apiaí settlement – training / skill building / participative planning

Agroecological tomato production

Biological pest control – bait (Tajujá)

Pontal do Paranapanema- SP

State of São Paulo

Settlement, Santa Zélia, 2010

'''

Bioenergy plus Biodiversity and Nutritional Security

A. hassleri

A. emensis

A. aculeata

A. glaucescens

A. totai

Source: L.H.C.Berton Source : L.H.C.Berton

Source : L.H.C.Berton

Source : H.Lorenzi

Source : H.Lorenzi Source : H.Lorenzi

Lorenzi, 2010

A. intumescens

36

Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata)

- Native, rustic and abundant

- Longevity: about 100 years

- Starts to produce after 3 to 4 years

- Oil has excellent physical and chemical characteristics

- Multiple uses: 2 types of oil, 2 types of cake, activated charcoal, integration

- with livestock and crop farming, agroforestry systems

- Plantation density: 120 to 400 plants/ha

- Considerable research efforts and growth in commercial initiatives ;

- High productivity: 30 t. of biomass/ha and up to 4 t. of oil/ha

- SOYBEANS - 550 KG/HA OF OIL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Bioenergy

(AMBIENTE, 2005)

(CESAR, 2003)

Soybean

420 kg.ha.year-1 Sunflower

890 kg.ha. year-1 Castor bean

1,320 kg.ha. year-1

Macaw palm (average)

4,966 kg.ha. year-1

Estimates of biodiesel production/ha

(Berton et al.)

10,926 kg.ha.year-1

In 2,480 fruit, the individual mass varied from 14.8 to 63.6 g

39

S. Motoike

Sustainable Rural Landscapes

Production plus Conservation: Family farming adhering to agrobiodiversity in the far south region

of Bahia state

Others....

Regional Context

Technology, Wealth and Poverty ! In an essentially rural region..

0 to 6 years

6th / 8th year

Diagnóstico de conflitos sócio-ambientais em relação à plantações de árvores; Coord. Anna Fanzeres Relatório Final; Março 2005 www.ufrrj.br/institutos/if/lmbh

Reactions in the past...

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BIODIVERSE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS

What is Agroforestry?

Subsistence (nutritional security)

Generation of monthly income

Living savings

(forest products) Community Investments

Restoration and Environmental Adaptation

RL + APP + Landscape

Aiii Guri..

Cocoa plantation as a theoretical and methodological reference

Thank You