GOOD AFTERNOON
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
BIODIVERSITY
PUBLIC POLICIES
Challenges and conflicts
Building the concept of development...
Progress
Growth Sustainable Development
Ecological Development
LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS
From a STATIC point of view, it leads to the
idea of efficiency
From a DYNAMIC point of view, to innovation that
increases efficiency Furtado, 1981
green economy
O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper (2013/07/16)
• Es
Rural development – LOGIC BEHIND THE METHODS
BACKGROUND
• Rural v Urban relationship
• Agricultural evolution
• Several Green Revolutions
EXTERNAL FACTORS
* Concentration of land ownership and income
* Monoculture
* Discrimination and social exclusion
* Class struggle
* Market model
* Industrial corporations have taken command
* Systemic degradation
(social – environmental)
NEW SIGNIFICANCE
• Private space vs Public space
• Production vs Conservation
• Multifunctional (farming and landscape)
• GREEN ECONOMY.....
Diffusionist methodology Research is popularizing unsuitable technologies
Development of professionals who are acritical regarding the model – UNIVERSITIES...
The dominant power in the countryside
Development Sustainability
Rural Development
Biodiversity
Social
Cultural
Environmental
Sustainability (Utopia)
• Social
• Economic
• Cultural
• Political
• Ethical
• Ecological-Environmental
More than 200 definitions !!
New rural significance and attributes
Multifuncional
Agribusiness
Commodities
Sustainability
Agricultural Biodiversity Ecological Economy
Sovereignty / nutritional security
Legislation
Family Farming
Land Agroecosystems
Ecosystem Services
Violence
Biotechnology
Agroecology
Agrarian Reform
ETC
Public Space
Private Space
Green Economy
Figure : (adapted from PLOEG, 2008).
agriculture according to Rural Logic
(variety of forms)
agriculture according to Capitalist Logic
agriculture according to Business Logic
Conceptual framework – Looking for simplification!
NO NEED FOR A PHYSICAL PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIFIC PRODUCTION UNIT OR
ACTIVITY
AGROECOSYSTEM WITH UNIT OF ANALYSIS
IMPÉRIOS ALIMENTARES E OUTROS DISTINCT UNITS OF ANALYSIS
State Society Biodiversity
Brazilian
Biomes
Brazilian social ‘mega’ diversity
More than 200 different indigenous peoples
Traditional peoples and communities occupy roughly 1/3 of Brazil’s territory
Micro-economy based on
forest products
Knowledge and practices relating to biodiversity management
Crianças kaxinawás, Feijó, Acre
Conflicts, degradation and social exclusion
“Public Policies”
DEVELOPMENT MODELS / POLICIES
DEVELOPMENT vs
Social and Environmental Issues
Conservation vs Preservation vs Development
A challenge to society !!! For the first time in Brazil..a public debate ...
Examples
Action
Projects
Policies...
Development plus Biodiversity:
Research and outreach at Rural settlements in the Vale do Ribeira –
São Paulo state
Management... Is it sustainable ?
Respect, Manage and Coexist with the regional biodiversity
Jaguar footprint at the Apiaí settlement Fruit of the Bromelia pinguin, used to make a medicinal syrup.
Farmers participating in the surveying of the biodiversity at the Apiaí settlement – training / skill building / participative planning
Agroecological tomato production
Biological pest control – bait (Tajujá)
Pontal do Paranapanema- SP
State of São Paulo
Settlement, Santa Zélia, 2010
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Bioenergy plus Biodiversity and Nutritional Security
A. hassleri
A. emensis
A. aculeata
A. glaucescens
A. totai
Source: L.H.C.Berton Source : L.H.C.Berton
Source : L.H.C.Berton
Source : H.Lorenzi
Source : H.Lorenzi Source : H.Lorenzi
Lorenzi, 2010
A. intumescens
36
Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata)
- Native, rustic and abundant
- Longevity: about 100 years
- Starts to produce after 3 to 4 years
- Oil has excellent physical and chemical characteristics
- Multiple uses: 2 types of oil, 2 types of cake, activated charcoal, integration
- with livestock and crop farming, agroforestry systems
- Plantation density: 120 to 400 plants/ha
- Considerable research efforts and growth in commercial initiatives ;
- High productivity: 30 t. of biomass/ha and up to 4 t. of oil/ha
- SOYBEANS - 550 KG/HA OF OIL !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Bioenergy
(AMBIENTE, 2005)
(CESAR, 2003)
Soybean
420 kg.ha.year-1 Sunflower
890 kg.ha. year-1 Castor bean
1,320 kg.ha. year-1
Macaw palm (average)
4,966 kg.ha. year-1
Estimates of biodiesel production/ha
(Berton et al.)
10,926 kg.ha.year-1
In 2,480 fruit, the individual mass varied from 14.8 to 63.6 g
39
S. Motoike
Sustainable Rural Landscapes
Production plus Conservation: Family farming adhering to agrobiodiversity in the far south region
of Bahia state
Others....
Regional Context
Technology, Wealth and Poverty ! In an essentially rural region..
0 to 6 years
6th / 8th year
Diagnóstico de conflitos sócio-ambientais em relação à plantações de árvores; Coord. Anna Fanzeres Relatório Final; Março 2005 www.ufrrj.br/institutos/if/lmbh
Reactions in the past...
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BIODIVERSE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
What is Agroforestry?
Subsistence (nutritional security)
Generation of monthly income
Living savings
(forest products) Community Investments
Restoration and Environmental Adaptation
RL + APP + Landscape
Aiii Guri..
Cocoa plantation as a theoretical and methodological reference
Thank You