land claim, mmf attorney general of manitoba factum to scc
TRANSCRIPT
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Miurt Cbho Li. ==004
BL Z@O ]_TVOEO MI_VZ IC MGLGJG
(IL GTTOGH CVIE Z@O EGLBZIFG MI_VZ IC GTTOGH)
EGLBZIFG EOZB] COJOVGZBIL BLM., RSIL J_EILZ,
FBHHR NI JO HG VILJO, VIR M@GVZVGLJ, VIL OVBMA]IL,
MHGBVO VBJJHO, NGMA CHOEBLK, NGMA EmT@OV]IL,
JIL VI_HOZZO, OJKGV FV_MO NV., CVOJG H_LJEGVA,
EBHO] GHHGVBO, MOHBG AHG]]OL, GHEG FOH@_EO_V,
]ZGL K_BFIM@O, NOGLLO TOVVG_HZ, EGVBO FGLA] J_M@GVEO,
glj OGVH @OLJOV]IL,
Gppohhglts (Gppohhglts),
- glj -
GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC MGLGJG gljGZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC EGLBZIFG,
Vospiljolts (Vospiljolts).
CGMZ_E IC Z@O VO]TILJOLZ
Z@O GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC EGLBZIFG
GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC EGLBZIFG
Jopgrteolt ic NustbmoMilstbtutbilgh Hgw Frglm`764? - :4? Frigjwgy[bllbpok EF V=M =H3
@OGZ@OV HOILICC,W.M.EBM@GOH MILLOV
Zoh> 64:-2:?-43;2Cgx> 64:-2:?-44?=`ogt`or.hoiliccDkiv.ef.mgebm`goh.millorDkiv.ef.mg
Miulsoh cir t`o VospiljoltZ`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg
KI[HBLK HGCHO_V @OLJOV]IL
Fgrrbstors & ]ihbmbtirs]ubto 6344, 734 Ohkbl ]trootIttgwg IL A7T 7M=
@OLVR ].FVI[L, W.M.Zoh> 37=-6==-7;07Cgx> 37=-?3=-2032`olry.friwlDkiwhblks.mie
Ittgwg Gkolt cir t`o VospiljoltZ`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg
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VI]OLFHIIE, GHJVBJKO, FGVZHOR &
VI]HBLK
Fgrrbstors & ]ihbmbtirs
::4 =?? Furrgrj ]trootSglmiuvor FM S3M 6K0
Z@IEG] V.FOVKOV,W.M.
NGEO] GHJVBJKO,W.M.
@GVHOR ]M@GM@ZOV
Zoh> 34:-30:-7=77Cgx> 34:-30:-3:46
Miulsoh cir t`o Gppohhglts
F_VAO-VIFOVZ]IL
Fgrrbstors & ]ihbmbtirs;4 Khiumostor ]troot
Ittgwg IL A6T 4G6
VIFOVZ O.@I_]ZIL,W.M.Zoh> 37=-6=3-233?Cgx> 37=-6=?-::=4
Ittgwg Gkolt cir t`o Gppohhglts
ERHO] N .ABVSGLJOT_ZR GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC
MGLGJG
Jopgrteolt ic NustbmoTrgbrbo Vokbil=47 =74 Frigjwgy Gvoluo[bllbpok EF V=M 4]3
EGVA ABLJVGM@_A
Zoh> =43-2;?-:;3?Cgx> 64:-2;?-?47=Oegbh> egra.abljrgm`uaDnustbmo.km.mg
]@GVHOLO E.ZOHHO]-HGLKJILZoh> 64:-20=-4036Cgx> 64:-20:-3:00Oegbh> s`grholo.tohhos-hglkjilDnustbmo.km.mg
MGVR J.MHGVAZoh > 64:-20:-6;6?Cgx> 64:-20:-?274Oegbh> mgry.mhgraDnustbmo.km.mg
Miulsoh cir t`o VospiljoltZ`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Mglgjg
ERHO] N .ABVSGLJOT_ZR GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC
MGLGJG
Jopgrteolt ic Nustbmo6=: [ohhblktil ]trootViie 7673Ittgwg IL A7G 4@0
M@VB]ZIT@OV V_TGV
Zoh> 37=-2:7-6=?7Cgx> 37=-2?:-7264Oegbh> m`rbstip`orrVupgrDnustbmo.km.mg
Ittgwg Gkolt cir t`o VospiljoltZ`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Mglgjg
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b
Miurt Cbho Li. ==004
BL Z@O ]_TVOEO MI_VZ IC MGLGJG
(IL GTTOGH CVIE Z@O EGLBZIFG MI_VZ IC GTTOGH)
EGLBZIFG EOZB] COJOVGZBIL BLM., RSIL J_EILZ,FBHHR NI JO HG VILJO, VIR M@GVZVGLJ, VIL OVBMA]IL,
MHGBVO VBJJHO, NGMA CHOEBLK, NGMA EmT@OV]IL,
JIL VI_HOZZO, OJKGV FV_MO NV., CVOJG H_LJEGVA,
EBHO] GHHGVBO, MOHBG AHG]]OL, GHEG FOH@_EO_V,
]ZGL K_BFIM@O, NOGLLO TOVVG_HZ, EGVBO FGLA] J_M@GVEO,
glj OGVH @OLJOV]IL,
Gppohhglts (Gppohhglts),
- glj -
GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC MGLGJG glj
GZZIVLOR KOLOVGH IC EGLBZIFG,
Vospiljolts (Vospiljolts).
ZGFHO IC MILZOLZ]
Tgko Li.
TGVZ B ]ZGZOEOLZ IC CGMZ] ................................................................................... 7
TGVZ BB W_O]ZBIL] BL B]]_O ..................................................................................... 76
TGVZ BBB GVK_EOLZ ....................................................................................................... 7=
G. Z`o Gppogh bs Eiit glj Iuk`t Lit ti fo Jombjoj il bts Eorbts ................................ 7=
F. Z`o Ghtorlgtbvo Grkueolt - Z`o Eglbtifg ]tgtutos [oro Milstbtutbilgh ............... 67
7. ]tgljblk ti M`ghholko t`o Milstbtutbilghbty............................................................. 67
6. Gl Ivorvbow ic t`o ]tgtutos....................................................................................... 66
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Gmt, 70;; ............................................................... 6=
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Gmt, 70;0 ............................................................... 6:
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Gmt, 70;21 @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Gmt, 700= ....... 6?
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bb
Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 7007 ............................................................................. 63
Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 700? ............................................................................. 6;
Jomroos glj Irjors Gmt, 700:1 Tgyeolt ic ]omurbtbos Gmt, 700? ............... 6;
=. Glghysbs ic t`o Milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o Bepukloj ]tgtutos.................................... 60
=.7 M`grgmtorbzblk t`o Hokbshgtbvo ]m`oeo ........................................................... 60
Turpiso ........................................................................................................ 60
Occomt ............................................................................................................ =7
=.6 Millomtblk t`o Tbt` glj ]ufstglmo ti g @ogj ic Tiwor ................................ ==
Z`o Trivblmbgh @ogjs ic Tiwor - ss. 26(7=), (7:) glj (73) ic t`o
Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703; ................................................................................. ==
Jios t`o Egttor mieo wbt`bl s. 27(7G) ic t`o
Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703;9 ............................................................................... =?
Jios t`o egttor mieo wbt`bl s. 27(6:) ic t`o
Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703;9 ............................................................................... =;
Gro t`o Eglbtifg Etbs Bljbgls wbt`bl t`o eoglblk ic
s. 27(6:) ic t`o Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703;9 ...................................................... :=
=.= Milmhusbil bl Vospomt ic Milstbtutbilghbty ..................................................... ?4
M. Z`o Jimtrblo ic Cojorgh Tgrgeiultmy ......................................................................... ?4
J. Milmhusbil ....................................................................................................................... ??
TGVZ BS IVJOV ]I_K@Z MILMOVLBLK MI]Z] ................................................... ?3
TGVZ S IVJOV ]I_K@Z .............................................................................................. ?3
TGVZ SB ZGFHO IC G_Z@IVBZBO] ............................................................................. ?;
TGVZ SBB ]ZGZ_ZO], VOK_HGZBIL], V_HO], FR-HG[] ...................................... 36
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7
TGVZ B
]ZGZOEOLZ IC CGMZ]
Ivorvbow
7. Z`o lgsmolt Trivblmo ic Eglbtifg `gj g eyrbgj ic milmorls ti gjjross bl bts cbrst cow
yogrs ic oxbstolmo, lit t`o hogst ic w`bm` woro t`o simbgh bssuos t`gt gmmiepglboj t`o jbstrbfutbil
ic t`o 7.: ebhhbil gmros ic hglj privbjoj cir bl s. =7 ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt, 70;4. Z`o milsbstolt
pihbmy ic t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo t`riuk`iut t`o porbij ic 70;4-700?, gs oxprossoj bl vgrbius
gjjrossos, hottors glj stgtutos, wgs t`gt t`o iwlors ic t`o s. =7 hgljs s`iuhj `gvo ghh ic t`o rbk`ts
gssuroj ti iwlors ic bljbvbjugh priporty fy t`o mieeil hgw, blmhujblk t`o rbk`t ti immupy ir
sohh. Bl curt`orglmo ic t`bs pihbmy, Eglbtifg pgssoj sovorgh stgtutos fotwool 70;; glj 700? t`gtrokuhgtoj t`o eogls fy w`bm` sghos ic s. =7 hgljs miuhj tgao phgmo fy prbvgto miltrgmt ir miurt
irjor. Ghh ic t`oso stgtutos `gvo fool ropoghoj. Z`us, t`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts
t`gt t`o mgso gkgblst bt bs eiit glj iuk`t lit ti fo jombjoj il t`o eorbts. Bl ghtorlgtbvo,
Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt bts stgtutos woro milstbtutbilgh glj cohh squgrohy wbt`bl privblmbgh
nurbsjbmtbil ivor priporty glj mbvbh rbk`ts, egttors ic g himgh lgturo glj t`o gjeblbstrgtbil ic mbvbh
nustbmo.
Z`o Voj Vbvor ]otthoeolt
6. Z`o Voj Vbvor sotthoeolt ic 7032 wgs g mieeulbty ic gpprixbegtohy 76,444 bljbvbjughs,
lueforblk mhiso ti 74,444 Etbs, 7,?44 Ouripogls glj ?44 Bljbgls. 7 Z`o sotthoeolt `gj kriwl
shiwhy fut stogjbhy crie bts irbkbls gs t`o `ieo ti t`o Tokubs Bljbgl Fglj glj t`ol ti t`o ]ohabra
]otthors. Bts egbl pipuhgtbil kriwt` t`riuk`iut t`o ebj-lblotoolt` moltury wgs t`riuk` bl-
ebkrgtbil ic Etbs poipho, fit` Crolm`-Mgt`ihbms glj Olkhbs`-Tritostglts, w`i m`iso Voj Vbvor
gs g phgmo ti sottho.6
7Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =;1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. ?3.6Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. 6;-621 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 73.
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6
=. Fy 7032, t`o sotthoeolt `gj wohh-jovohipoj hokbshgtbvo glj nujbmbgh blstbtutbils. Crie
70=? il, bt wgs kivorloj fy t`o Miulmbh ic Gssblbfibg, w`bm` wgs egjo up ic mieeulbty
roprosoltgtbvos, egly ic w`ie woro Etbs. Z`o hokgh systoe milsbstoj ic g Kolorgh Wugrtorhy
Miurt t`gt oxormbsoj mbvbh glj mrbeblgh nurbsjbmtbil gs wohh gs egkbstrgtos miurts t`gt joght wbt`
eblir egttors. Etbs eoefors ic t`o mieeulbty pgrtbmbpgtoj cuhhy bl t`o hokgh systoe gs nurirs,
egkbstrgtos glj bl t`o mgso ic Jr. Ni`l Full gs t`o Vomirjor (ir solbir nujko) ic t`o Wugrtorhy
Miurt.=
:. Bl gjjbtbil, t`o Etbs phgyoj gl bepirtglt riho bl t`o omiliebm hbco gt Voj Vbvor. Egly
Etbs woro blvihvoj bl t`o fuccghi `ult glj rifo trgjo w`bm` krow bl sbklbcbmglmo ivor t`o
porbij ic tbeo fotwool t`o 70:4s glj 7034s. @iwovor, fy t`o ogrhy 7034s, t`o wostwgrj rotrogt
ic t`o fuccghi egjo bt blmrogsblkhy jbccbmuht ti mgrry il t`o `ult crie Voj Vbvor, rosuhtblk blsieo iut-ebkrgtbil. Cir oxgepho, bl 703: twolty-cbvo Crolm` Etbs cgebhbos woro ropirtoj bl
t`o lowspgpor gs `gvblk hoct Voj Vbvor cir Hgm Hg Fbm`o, Ghfortg bl irjor ti fo mhisor ti t`o
`orjs.
:
?. Z`o fuccghi trgjo wgs fy li eogls t`o ilhy immupgtbil ic t`o Voj Vbvor Etbs. Z`o
vbfrglmy ic t`o mieeulbty glj t`o bepirtglt riho t`gt t`o Etbs phgyoj bl bt bs pirtrgyoj bl t`o
sotthoeolts lowspgpor, t`oLir-[ostor, bl gl grtbmho jgtoj Nuhy 7=, 703;. Z`o grtbmho ropirts>
?
. . . t`o `ghc mgstos lit ilhy cgr iutluefor ghh t`o it`or rgmos put tikot`or futolkriss ir jbj hgtohy ghh t`o eiro bepirtglt glj bltohhomtugh iccbmos bl t`omihily1 curlbs`blk crie t`obr luefor t`o s`orbcc, t`o prblmbpgh eojbmghiccbmor, t`o pistegstor, t`o sm`iihegstors glj togm`ors t`riuk` iut QsbmU t`omiultry, g cgbr pirtbil ic t`o egkbstrgtos glj mhorky glj ilo ic t`o ojbtirsglj priprbotirs ic t`o ilhy lowspgpor ic t`o @ujsils Fgy Zorrbtirbos.
=Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =41 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. 6? glj 70;. Z`o Miulmbh hgws gro bl Ox`bfbt 7-644?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBBB, ciroxgepho gt pp. 7?3-7;6.:Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =41 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. 67-6=1 Ox`bfbt ZO 7:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPS, pp. 774, 7771 Ox`bfbt ZO =?, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. PPSBB, pp. 742, 77=, 77:1 Ox`bfbt 7-46?:, Vospiljolts Vomirj, p. 37.?Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =71 Ox`bfbt 7-463=, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SBB,
p. =.
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=
3. Z`o Etbs gt Voj Vbvor jbj lit hbvo g mieeulgh hbcostyho. Z`oy iwloj hglj il gl
bljbvbjugh fgsbs. Z`o ]ohabra Zrogty ic 707; `gj somuroj cir sotthoeolt t`o hglj ghilk t`o Voj
glj Gssblbfiblo Vbvors, oxtoljblk fgma cir twi ebhos, glj hits `gj fool hgbj iut ghilk t`bs trgmt.
Iwlors`bp glj trglscor ic iwlors`bp ic t`oso hits tiia phgmo gmmirjblk ti himgh mustie,
sieotbeos foblk romirjoj bl t`o sotthoeolts hglj rokbstry fiia, mghhoj Vokbstor F, glj
sieotbeos immurrblk t`riuk` immupgtbil. ]tgrtblk bl gfiut 70=2, t`o Miulmbh ic Gssblbfibg
pgssoj hgws t`gt kgvo t`o hgljiwlors wbt`bl t`o pirtbil ic t`o sotthoeolt rocorroj ti gs t`o
sotthoeolt foht, t`o oxmhusbvo rbk`t ti mut `gy il t`o twi ebhos ic hglj jbromthy fo`blj t`obr rbvor
hits.3
;. Ovol t`o fuccghi `ult wgs mgrrboj iut il gl bljbvbjugh fgsbs, wbt` ogm` `ultor rotgblblk
porsilgh iwlors`bp ic t`o glbeghs `o abhhoj glj usblk `bs cgebhy eoefors ti propgro t`o sablscir sgho.
;
Z`o Oltry ic Eglbtifg blti Milcojorgtbil
0. Bl 7030 glj 7032, Mglgjg glj Frbtgbl oltoroj blti jbsmussbils gfiut t`o pissbfho trglscor
ic Vuports Hglj glj t`o Lirt`wostorl Zorrbtirbos ti Mglgjg. Z`bs mgusoj g `bk` hovoh ic
glxboty bl t`o Voj Vbvor sotthoeolt glj t`o Voj Vbvor rosbstglmo cihhiwoj. 0
2. Gt Hiubs Vbohs blstbkgtbil, t`o mieeulbty mgeo tikot`or bl Livoefor 7032 gt t`o
Milvoltbil ic Zwolty-Ciur glj bl Nglugry 70;4 gt t`o Milvoltbil ic Cirty. Fit` Etbs glj
lil-Etbs rosbjolts `gj t`o ippirtulbty ti vito cir Milvoltbil roprosoltgtbvos glj t`o johokgtos
t`oesohvos woro rochomtbvo ic t`o jbvorsbty bl t`o mieeulbty. Cihhiwblk gl blvbtgtbil fy Trbeo
Eblbstor Egmjilghj, t`o mieeulbty sohomtoj t`roo lil-Etbs johokgtos, Cgt`or Vbtm`it,
3Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. 621 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. 72, 641 Ox`bfbt 7-644?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBBB, p. 0?.;Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, p. 661 Ox`bfbt 7-46=3, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, p. 361Ox`bfbt 7-46=;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, p. 3;1 Ox`bfbt 7-7=06, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBP, p. 730.0Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. =7, =61 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 63.
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:
Nujko Fhgma glj fusblossegl Ghcroj ]mitt ti trgvoh ti Ittgwg ti roprosolt t`o sotthoeolt bl
jbsmussbils wbt` Mglgjg.2
74. Bl Egrm` 70;4, t`o Voj Vbvor sotthoeolt cireoj g Trivbsbilgh Kivorleolt t`gt mgeo
blti sossbil uljor t`o lgeo ic t`o Hokbshgtbvo Gssoefhy ic Gssblbfibg. G Milstbtutbil wgs
olgmtoj wbt` t`o vitblk crglm`bso foblk kbvol ti eol rosbjolt bl Gssblbfibg cir g eblbeue ic
cbvo yogrs wbt` rgtogfho priporty ti t`o geiult ic 644 storhblk1 g miurt systoe wgs irkglbzoj
wbt` Etbs Ngeos Viss foblk gppibltoj M`boc Nustbmo ic Gssblbfibg1
74hgws woro pgssoj, g pistgh
systoe wgs put bl phgmo glj musties jutbos woro olcirmoj. 77
77. Fy hottor jgtoj Egrm` 66, 70;4, Z`iegs Full, il fo`ghc ic t`o Trivbsbilgh Kivorleolt
privbjoj blstrumtbils ti t`o t`roo johokgtos. Z`oy woro gjvbsoj t`gt Qt`oy woroU lit oepiworojti milmhujo cblghhy gly grrglkoeolts wbt` t`o Mglgjbgl Kivorleolt glj t`gt gly milmhusbils
grrbvoj gt . . . eust cbrst fo mortbcboj fy t`o Trivbsbilgh Kivorleolt fociro Gssblbfibg QwiuhjU
fomieo g privblmo ic t`o Milcojorgtbil.
76 Curt`or, t`o johokgtos mgrrboj wbt` t`oe twi Hbst ic
Vbk`ts t`gt siuk`t, geilk it`or egttors, t`gt t`o sotthoeolt oltor Milcojorgtbil gs g privblmo
glj t`gt t`o himgh hokbshgturo `gvo miltrih ivor t`o pufhbm hgljs.7=
76. Z`o Voj Vbvor johokgtos fokgl t`obr eootblks wbt` Trbeo Eblbstor Egmjilghj glj t`o
@iliurgfho Koirko-tbollo Mgrtbor il Gprbh 6?, 70;4. Egmjilghj glj Mgrtbor gmmoptoj t`o
joeglj cir t`o mrogtbil ic g low privblmo fut wiuhj lit gmmojo ti t`o joeglj cir trglscor ic
miltrih ic t o Mriwl hglj. Z`o bjog cir g hglj krglt ti t`o Etbs m`bhjrol t`ol griso glj
uhtbegtohy rosuhtoj bl s. =7 ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt, 70;4.
7:
2Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. =:-=31 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. 62-=31 Ox`bfbt ZO 73, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPS, p. 7341 Ovbjolmo ic M.H. Egmjilghj,Gprbh 72, 6443, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. S, Zgf H, pp. 2;, 20.74Ox`bfbt 7-4:40, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BP, pp. 0, 2, 77.77Ox`bfbt 7-4:=:, Vospiljolts Vomirj, pp. 3=-740.76Ox`bfbt 7-4:6:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BP, pp. 77?, 773.7=Ox`bfbts 7-4:66, 7-4:6:, 7-4:=7, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BP, pp. 776, 773-764, 7?7, 7?6.7:Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =01 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. =0-:4.
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7=. Z`oEglbtifg Gmt, 70;4wgs pgssoj fy Tgrhbgeolt il Egy 74, 70;4 glj romobvoj Viygh
Gssolt twi jgys hgtor. Il Nulo 6=, 70;4, t`o Beporbgh Kivorleolt pgssoj gl Irjor-bl-Miulmbh
gjebttblk Vuports Hglj glj t`o Lirt`wostorl Zorrbtirbos blti Mglgjg, occomtbvo Nuhy 7?, 70;4. 7?
7:.
Il Nulo 6:, 70;4, Cgt`or Vbtm`it gjjrossoj t`o Hokbshgtbvo Gssoefhy ic Gssblbfibg glj
gjvbsoj t`o eoefors ic t`o iutmieo ic t`o jbsmussbils wbt` Mglgjg. Cihhiwblk `bs prosoltgtbil,
t`o Gssoefhy vitoj ulglbeiushy ti gmmopt t`o tores ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt.
73
Z`o Eglbtifg Hokbshgturo glj t`o Bephoeoltgtbil ic t`o ]omtbil =7 Hglj Krglts
wbt`bl t`o Trivblmo
7?.
Z`o cbrst ohomtbil bl t`o privblmo ic Eglbtifg wgs `ohj il Jomoefor =4, 70;4. Fy vbrtuo
ic s. 7; ic t`o Eglbtifg Gmt, 70;4, ohbkbfho vitors `gj ti `gvo fool rosbjolt bl t`o sotthoeoltfociro t`o pgssgko ic t`oGmt. Z`us, t`o ohomtirgto cir t`bs cbrst ohomtbil wgs vory rochomtbvo ic t`o
sgeo bljbvbjughs w`i `gj mrogtoj t`o privbsbilgh kivorleolt glj w`i `gj vitoj ti gmmopt t`o
tores ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt. Zwolty-ciur eoefors woro ohomtoj, ic w`ie ohovol ir twohvo woro
Etbs glj ciur woro Crolm` Mglgjbgl suppirtors ic t`o Etbs. 7;
73. Il Gprbh 6?, 70;7, Mglgjg pgssoj t`o Irjor-bl-Miulmbht`gt sot t`o fgsbm sm`oeo cir t`o
jbstrbfutbil ic t`o hgljs gut`irbzoj fy s. =7 ic t`o Eglbtifg Gmt. Z`o IBM bljbmgtoj t`gt t`o
hgljs woro ti fo jbstrbfutoj fy rgljie jrgw geilk ovory `ghc-frooj rosbjolt bl t`o privblmo ic
Eglbtifg gs ic Nuhy 7?, 70;4.
7;. Bl t`o sprblk ic 70;7, low beebkrglts fokgl ti grrbvo bl Eglbtifg, wbt` 7,?44 grrbvblk
t`gt yogr.70
7?Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. =;1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. :2, ?=.
Z`o grrbvgh ic t`o low beebkrglts rgbsoj milmorls geilk t`o Etbs. Bl rospilso,
sovol eoefors ic t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo writo ti Hboutolglt Kivorlir Grm`bfghj il Egy 6:,
70;7 bl gl occirt ti trglqubhbzo t`o pufhbm eblj glj roquostoj gssurglmos il fo`ghc ic t`o
73Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. :=1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. ?=1 Ox`bfbt 7-4:40, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BP, p. ?6.7;Ox`bfbt 7-4??:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBBB, p. 7=01 Ovbjolmo ic K. Ols, Egy 70, 6443, Gppohhglts Vomirj,Sih. S, Zgf L, pp. 7;=-7;?.70Ox`bfbt 7-433:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. 73=.
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`ghc-frooj pipuhgtbil bl rospomt ic t`o hgljs w`bm` gro kugrgltooj ti t`oe fy t`o Gmt ic
Eglbtifg.72
70. Il Nulo 2, 70;7, Hboutolglt Kivorlir Grm`bfghj rophboj glj bljbmgtoj t`gt bc gly pgrbs`
ic `ghc-froojs, ir gly fijy ic `ghc-froojs wgs ti sohomt hglj t`gt `o wiuhj gjipt, gs cgr gs
pissbfho t`o sohomtbils egjo fy t`o `ghc-froojs.
64 Gs g rosuht ic t`bs hottor, t`o pgrbs`os jbj
sohomt hgljs w`bm` woro sot gsbjo glj crie w`bm`, ti g hgrko oxtolt, t`o s. =7 hgljs woro
uhtbegtohy krgltoj.67 Fbs`ip Zgm` writo ti t`o Trbeo Eblbstor il Nglugry 6=, 70;6 stgtblk t`gt
t`o Hboutolglt Kivorlir `gj gmtoj ti phogso t`o `ghc-froojs. @o curt`or bljbmgtoj `bs gpprivgh
ic t`o IBMGprbh 6?, 70;7, gsablk t`gt bt fo egbltgbloj, glj prgbsoj t`o Hboutolglt Kivorlir
cir gmtblk wbsohy glj bl t`o bltorosts ic t`o Mglgjbgl Kivorleolt gs wohh gs t`o Trivblmo ic
Eglbtifg.66
72. Bl Gukust 70;7, Mglgjg oltoroj blti Zrogtbos 7 glj 6 w`bm` oxtblkubs`oj Bljbgl tbtho
t`riuk`iut t`o irbkblgh fiuljgrbos ic t`o privblmo glj mhogroj t`o wgy cir t`o s. =7 krglts ti
immur.
6= Kbvol Mglgjgs choxbfho pihbmy, Etbs woro kbvol t`o iptbil ti oltor trogty bc t`oy si
josbroj.6:
64. Bl rospilso ti miltbluoj glxboty milmorlblk t`o s. =7 krglts, t`o Hokbshgtbvo Miulmbh glj
Hokbshgtbvo Gssoefhy ic Eglbtifg solt g hottor jgtoj Cofrugry 0, 70;6 ti t`o Kivorlir
72Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. :21 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 371 Ox`bfbt 7-4364, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. ::.64Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. :21 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 361 Ox`bfbt 7-4364, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, pp. ::, :?.67Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. :2, ?:1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts
Vomirj, Sih. BB, p. 7=21 Ox`bfbt ZO 6?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBB, p. 32.66Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?61 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 3:1 Ox`bfbt 7-4304, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. 70=.6=Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?7.6:Z`o ovbjolmo gt trbgh s`iwoj ilo sum` sbtugtbil. Glkohbquo Vbm`grj (looViuhotto) gl glmostir ic ilo ic t`ogppohhglts oltoroj trogty bl 70;: gt gko 76, prosuegfhy wbt` `or pgrolts. ]`o hgtor wbt`jrow crie trogty bl 7003 gljromobvoj supphoeoltgry smrbp, soo Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPS, p. =2. Z`oro bs li ovbjolmo bl t`oromirj gs ti `iw egly Voj Vbvor Etbs m`iso Bljbgl stgtus fut t`o cgmt t`gt sieo jbj bs ilo oxphglgtbil cir t`oseghhor luefor ic Etbs bjoltbcboj bl 70;? w`ol t`o Egm`gr-Vygl survoy wgs uljortgaol (soo pgrgkrgp` 60 bl t`ocgmtue fohiw).
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Kolorgh, roquostblk t`gt Mglgjg `iliur t`o rosorvos bl fhima tgaol fy t`o @ghc-Frooj
pipuhgtbil bl rospilso ti Hboutolglt Kivorlirs Grm`bfghjs iccor glj curt`or gssortblk>6?
Z`gt t`bs krglt milstbtutos gl gfsihuto rbk`t ic priporty bl cgviur ic t`orombpbolts, glj t`gt t`o milsbjorgtbils cir w`bm` t`o krglt wgs kbvol oltbthot`o rombpbolts ti t`o rbk`ts gssuroj fy mieeil hgw ti t`o iwlors icbljbvbjugh priporty.
67. Bl Cofrugry ic 70;=, Mglgjg fokgl ti ghhit t`o s. =7 hgljs fut t`ol milmorls surcgmoj gs
ti w`ot`or Mglgjg `gj fool mirromt bl blmhujblk t`o Etbs `ogjs ic cgebhbos bl t`o krglt. Bl
sieo porsilgh litos, Cgt`or Vbtm`it josmrbfoj g pufhbm gssoefhy `ohj il Cofrugry 7=, 70;=,
w`bm` rosuhtoj bl g rosihutbil foblk pgssoj glj cirwgrjoj ti t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh t`gt mghhoj
cir jbstrbfutbil ic t`o s. =7 hgljs geilk t`o m`bhjrol ic t`o cgebhy `ogjs glj lit t`o `ogjs ic
cgebhbos.63 Vifort Mullblk`ge, t`o Eoefor ic Tgrhbgeolt cir Egrquotto, rgbsoj t`o egttor bl
t`o @iuso ic Mieeils glj uhtbegtohy t`o Trbeo Eblbstor bljbmgtoj t`gt t`o kivorleolt `gj
mieo ti t`o milmhusbil t`gt t`o hgljs s`iuhj ilhy fo jbstrbfutoj geilk t`o m`bhjrol. Z`o Etbs
ic ]t. Sbtgh writo ti Mullblk`ge il Nuhy 6=, 70;= t`glablk `be cir `bs occirts glj tohhblk `be
t`gt `bs lgeo bs ghrogjy wrbttol cir ovor bl iur krgtocuh eoeiry. 6; Mglgjg sufsoquolthy
pgssoj hokbshgtbil ti mhgrbcy t`o krglt glj ti jocblo t`o rombpbolts, lit fy gko fut gs ghh t`iso ic
ebxoj fhiij, pgrthy w`bto glj pgrthy Bljbgl, glj w`i gro lit `ogjs ic cgebhbos> Gl Gmt ti
roeivo jiufts gs ti t`o milstrumtbil ic somtbil =7 ic t`o Gmt == Sbmtirbg, m`gptor = glj ti geolj
somtbil 740 ic t`o Jieblbil Hgljs Gmt, ].M. 70;= (=3 Sbmt.), m. =0.60
66.
Gt griulj t`o sgeo tbeo, Fbs`ip Zgm` glj Cgt`or Vbtm`it eot wbt` Hboutolglt Kivorlir
Eirrbs ti roquost t`gt t`o s. =7 hgljs fo oltgbhoj. @iwovor, t`bs wgs lit bl gmmirjglmo wbt` t`o
wbs`os ic t`o Etbs stgao`ihjors. Z`o Hboutolglt Kivorlir writo ti Trbeo Eblbstor Egmjilghj
6?Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?61 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. 3?, 331 Ox`bfbt 7-430;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. 727.63Ox`bfbt 7-40=:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PS, p. 7?3.6;Ox`bfbt 7-4027, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSB, p. 33.60Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?31 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. ;6.
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il Cofrugry 7:, 70;=, bljbmgtblk t`gt B t`bla Qt`o pripisgh ti oltgbhU bs jogj ghrogjy. B `gj g
joputgtbil crie ]t. Lirfort yostorjgy ti ippiso bt.62
6=. Il Egrm` 0, 70;=, Eglbtifg pgssoj Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt,
].E. 70;= (=; Sbmt.), m. ::.
=4 Z`o progefho ti t`bs Gmt gmaliwhojkoj t`gt egly poipho `gj
fool oltorblk blti miltrgmts ti sohh t`obr s. =7 bltorosts, ictol cir blgjoqugto milsbjorgtbil. Z`o
Gmt egjo gly miltrgmts t`gt `gj fool oltoroj blti cir t`o sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts vibjgfho gt t`o
fo`ost ic t`o Etbs voljir, provoltoj t`o Etbs voljir crie foblk suoj cir frogm` ic miltrgmt
glj privbjoj t`gt gly eiloy pgbj prbir ti t`o pgssgko ic t`o Gmt wgs g romivorgfho joft. Li
curt`or privblmbgh hokbshgtbil joghblk wbt` s. =7 bltorosts wgs pgssoj ultbh 70;;, t`us occomtbvohy
mrogtblk g sovol yogr miihblk icc porbij bl w`bm` gly miltrgmt cir t`o sgho ic sum` gl bltorost
miuhj fo vibjoj. Z`o Hboutolglt Kivorlir rosorvoj riygh gssolt il t`o fgsbs t`gt t`o Gmt wgslivoh glj rotrigmtbvo. _htbegtohy t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh, il t`o romieeoljgtbil ic t`o cojorgh
Eblbstor ic Nustbmo, milmhujoj t`gt sblmo t`o Gmt wgs folocbmbgh ti t`o Etbs bt iuk`t ti fo
primhgbeoj.=7
6:. Cgt`or Vbtm`it trgvohhoj ti Ittgwg bl Egy 70;= ti miltbluo `bs gjvimgmy bl rospomt ic t`o
s. =7 krglts. @o writo ti Fbs`ip Zgm` il Egy 76, 70;= glj oxprossoj gpprivgh cir Mglgjgs
jombsbil ti roeivo t`o `ogjs ic cgebhbos crie t`o krglt. @o ghsi bljbmgtoj t`gt `o wiuhj
miltbluo `bs hiffyblk occirts wbt` eblbstors milmorlblk iutstgljblk bssuos rokgrjblk t`o twi
ebhos ic `gy hgljs sbtugtoj foyilj t`o rbvor hits.
=6
6?. Z`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo `gj fool glxbius ti somuro g folocbt cir t`o irbkblgh Ouripogl
sotthors glj `gj blmhujoj g roquost cir sum` g folocbt bl t`o Cofrugry 0, 70;6 hottor ti t`o
_htbegtohy, Mglgjg gkrooj t`gt t`o iutor twi
ebhos iuk`t ti fo roeivoj crie t`o blvoltiry ic hgljs gvgbhgfho cir jbstrbfutbil uljor s. =7 glj
pgssoj IBM]optoefor 3, 70;=ti t`gt occomt. Z`o `gy hgljs woro t`ol joght wbt` bl gmmirjglmo
wbt` s. =6 ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt.
62Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?31 Ox`bfbt 7-4070, Gppohhglts Vomirj,Sih. PS, p. 7=:.=4Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt, ].E. 70;= (=; Sbmt.), m. :: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ?:U.=7Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. ?0, ?21 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, pp. ;:-;;1 Ox`bfbt 7-42??, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSB, p. 7?3.=6Ox`bfbt 7-40;0, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSB, p. 36.
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Kivorlir Kolorgh.== Bl 70;:, Mglgjg olgmtoj hokbshgtbil t`gt kgvo smrbp cir 734 gmros ti t`o
irbkblgh w`bto sotthors glj miepolsgtoj t`o Etbs `ogjs ic cgebhbos cir t`obr roeivgh crie t`o
s. =7 sm`oeo wbt` g sbebhgr krglt> GlGmt rospomtblk t`o gppriprbgtbil ic mortgbl Jieblbil
Hgljs bl Eglbtifg, ].M. 70;: (=; Sbmt.), m. 64. G titgh ic =,703 smrbp mortbcbmgtos woro bssuoj ti
Etbs `ogjs ic cgebhbos glj 044 smrbp mortbcbmgtos ti t`o irbkblgh w`bto sotthors.=:
63. Z`o somilj privblmbgh ohomtbil wgs `ohj bl Jomoefor 70;:. Ic t`o twolty-ciur eoefors
ohomtoj ti t`o Gssoefhy, obk`t woro Etbs glj ciur woro Crolm` Mglgjbgl suppirtors ic t`o
Etbs.
=?
6;. Fy 70;?, crustrgtbil wgs kriwblk wbt`bl Eglbtifg gt t`o holkt` ic tbeo bt wgs tgablk ti
miephoto t`o jbstrbfutbil ic t`o s. =7 hgljs. Ciur Eglbtifg pgrbs`os, ]t. Tguhs, Abhjilgl,]t. Gljrows Lirt` glj ]t. Gljrows ]iut`, solt potbtbils sbkloj fy g hgrko luefor ic Etbs
rosbjolts ti t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh miephgblblk gfiut t`o johgy glj bts occomt il t`o prisporbty ic
t`o privblmo. Z`o potbtbilors siuk`t ti `gvo Mglgjg oxpojbto t`o primoss si gs ti kot t`o hglj
blti t`o `gljs ic t`o @ghc-froojs, obt`or ti muhtbvgto ir jbspiso ic.
=3 Z`oso potbtbils woro
cihhiwoj up fy gl gjjross ti t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh crie t`o Hokbshgtbvo Miulmbh glj Hokbshgtbvo
Gssoefhy ic Eglbtifg jgtoj Egy 77, 70;?, t`gt urkoj Mglgjg ti eivo cirwgrj wbt` t`o
primoss.=;
60. Jurblk t`o sueeor glj cghh ic 70;?, t`o Egm`gr glj Vygl Mieebssbil iporgtoj wbt`bl
Eglbtifg ti vorbcy t o mhgbeglts ic t`o s. =7 krglts. Bl gjjbtbil, t`o Mieebssbilors olueorgtoj
t`iso oltbthoj ti smrbp gs gl irbkblgh w`bto sotthor ir gs g Etbs `ogj ic cgebhy. Z`o Mieebssbil
bjoltbcboj ?,400 Etbs m`bhjrol.
=0
==
Ox`bfbt 7-430;, Gppohhglts1 Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. 727.=:Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?;.=?Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. 341 Ovbjolmo ic K. Ols, Egy 70, 6443,Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. S, Zgf L, pp. 7;?-7;31 Ox`bfbt ZO =0, Vospiljolts Vomirj, p. 7=6.=3Ox`bfbts 7-74=:, 7-74=2, 7-74:4, 7-74:7, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSBB, pp. 3=, ;3, 24, 7441 Vogsils ic t`oMiurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. 341 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BB,
pp. 767, 76=.=;Ox`bfbt 7-746?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSBB, p. ?;.=0Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. 37, 36, 7=61 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko,Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, p. ;;.
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62. Il Imtifor =4, 70;3, Mglgjg fokgl ti ghhit t`o s. =7 krglts glj bl 70;; t`o Mriwl
pgtolts fokgl ti bssuo.=2
=4. ]`irthy gctor t`o ghhiteolt primoss fokgl, t`o Oxomutbvo Miulmbh ic Eglbtifg, milsbstblk
ic Troebor Jgvbs glj t`o @iliurgfho Eoefors Viygh glj Lirqugy, solt gl gjjross ti t`o Trbvy
Miulmbh jgtoj Livoefor 70, 70;3 roquostblk t`gt gs siil gs t`o ghhiteolts woro jrgwl pufhbm
litbmo s`iuhj fo egjo si t`gt m`bhjrol ic cuhh gko miuhj sottho ir sohh t`o hglj wbt`iut `gvblk ti
wgbt cir t`o pgtolt ti bssuo.
:4 G somilj gjjross crie t`o Eglbtifg Hokbshgtbvo Gssoefhy jgtoj
Cofrugry 72, 70;; robtorgtoj t`bs pisbtbil.:7
=7. Mglgjg, t`orogctor, jombjoj ti egao t`o ghhiteolts pufhbm glj bssuoj pistors gjvbsblk t`o
ghhittoos ic t`o hokgh josmrbptbil ic t`o pgrmoh t`gt `gj fool gssbkloj ti t`oe glj cir w`bm` t`oyuhtbegtohy wiuhj romobvo pgtolt.
:6 Bl t`o olj, Mglgjg jbstrbfutoj bl oxmoss ic 7.: ebhhbil gmros
ti 3,4=: rombpbolts glj 22= smrbp mortbcbmgtos ti hgto gpphbmglts. :=
=6.
Il Cofrugry 60, 70;;, t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo pgssojGl Gmt ti geolj t`o Gmt pgssoj bl
t`o =;t`
yogr ic @or Egnostys robkl, oltbthoj Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt,
].E. 70;; (:4 Sbmt.), m. ?. Z`bsGmtprivbjoj t`gt sghos fy jooj ic s. =7 bltorosts wiuhj fo hokgh
glj occomtugh cir ghh purpisos . . . glj s`ghh trglscor ti t`o purm`gsor t`o rbk`ts ic t`o voljir
t`oroti. Z`bs bs t`o cbrst ic obk`t privblmbgh stgtutos t`gt t`o gppohhglts ghhoko ti fo
ulmilstbtutbilgh. Z`o roegbljor woro pgssoj fotwool 70;0 glj 700? jurblk t`o proebors`bp ic
Ni`l Lirqugy (70;0-700;). Ghh woro ropoghoj prbir ti t`o ]tgtoeolt ic Mhgbe foblk bssuoj bl
t`bs egttor.
=2Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. 3=1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. B, p. 0:1 Ox`bfbt ZO 70, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSB, p. ?2.:4
Ox`bfbt 7-7664, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSBBB, pp. 07-0=.:7Ox`bfbt 7-76??, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSBBB, p. 706.:6Ox`bfbt 7-447;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, pp. :?, :31 Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj,Sih. BBB, p. 3:1 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, pp. 0?, 03.:=Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BS, p. =:1 Ox`bfbt ZO 70, Gppohhglts Vomirj,Sih. PPSB, pp. ?2, 3:. ]oo t`o ovbjolmo milmorlblk Egjohblo ]gyboso, Z`oip`bho Vbm`grj glj Glkohbquo Vbm`grjcir t`roo oxgephos ic bljbvbjughs w`i romobvoj smrbp1 Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBS, p. 734 gljOx`bfbt 7-7306, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBB, pp. 2?-2;1 Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPS, p. =2 gljOx`bfbt 7-44?6, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, pp. :;, :01 Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPS, p. =2 gljOx`bfbt 7-44?=, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, pp. :2, ?4.
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==. Z`o trbgh Nujko ciulj t`o Eglbtifg stgtutos ti fo milstbtutbilgh gs cghhblk wbt`bl
privblmbgh piwor uljor priporty glj mbvbh rbk`ts, s. 26(7=) glj t`o gjeblbstrgtbil ic nustbmo,
s. 26(7:) ic t`o Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703;. @o curt`or ciulj t`gt t`o jimtrblo ic hgm`os gpphboj glj
t`gt t`oro wgs li rogsilgfho oxphglgtbil cir t`o kriss johgy bl frblkblk t`o mhgbe. @o milmhujoj
t`gt Eglbtifg `gj fool pronujbmoj fy t`o johgy bl t`gt bt `gj fool joprbvoj ic t`o ippirtulbty ti
geolj bts stgtutos bc t`o miurt milmhujoj t`gt t`bs wgs lomossgry ti rostiro milstbtutbilgh irjor. ::
Z`o Eglbtifg Miurt ic Gppogh jomhbloj ti ruho il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o Eglbtifg stgtutos
il t`o fgsbs t`gt t`o gppogh wgs eiit.:?
::Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, pp. 7?2-73:.
Hogvo ti gppogh ti t`bs Miurt wgs krgltoj il
Cofrugry 74, 6477. G eitbil fy t`o gppohhglts ti stgto milstbtutbilgh quostbils bl rospomt ic t`o
Eglbtifg stgtutos uljor ]uproeo Miurt Vuho 34 wgs jolboj fy t`o M`boc Nustbmo il Egy 7=,
6477.
:?Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. 7?4, 7?7.
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TGVZ BB
W_O]ZBIL] BL B]]_O
=:.
Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg wbhh gjjross t`o cihhiwblk bssuos rgbsoj fy t`ogppohhglts>
Eiitloss>
Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`o Miurt ic Gppogh wgsmirromt bl gpphyblk t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss glj jomhblblk ti ruho il t`omilstbtutbilghbty ic ropoghoj hokbshgtbil.
]tgljblk>
Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`oro wgs li pghpgfho gljivorrbjblk orrir bl jolyblk stgljblk ti t`o Eglbtifg Eotbs Cojorgtbil Blm.ti frblk t`o mhgbe.
Trivblmbgh Hokbshgtbil>
Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`o bepukloj stgtutos worobltrg vbros gs cghhblk wbt`bl privblmbgh nurbsjbmtbil ivor priporty glj mbvbhrbk`ts, egttors ic g himgh lgturo glj t`o gjeblbstrgtbil ic mbvbh nustbmo.Eiroivor, t`oro wgs li milchbmtblk cojorgh hokbshgtbil t`gt roljoroj t`ostgtutos bliporgtbvo fy vbrtuo ic t`o jimtrblo ic cojorgh pgrgeiultmy.
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TGVZ BBB
GVK_EOLZ
G.
Z`o Gppogh bs Eiit glj Iuk`t Lit ti fo Jombjoj il bts Eorbts
=?.
Z`o gppohhglts m`ghholko obk`t Eglbtifg stgtutos il t`o fgsbs t`gt t`oy woro, gt t`o tbeo
ic t`obr iporgtbil, uhtrg vbros t`o privblmo ir bl t`o ghtorlgtbvo t`gt t`oy woro bliporgtbvo juo ti
pgrgeiult `bstirbmgh cojorgh hokbshgtbil. Z`o stgtutos, roprijumoj bl Tgrt SBB ic t`o cgmtue, gro
gs cihhiws>
Gl Gmt ti geolj t`o Gmt pgssoj bl t`o =;t`
yogr ic @or Egnostys
robkl, oltbthoj Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt,
].E. 70;; (:4 Sbmt.), m. ? QTgrt SBB, Zgf 7U
Gl Gmt ti olgfho mortgbl m`bhjrol ic @ghc-frooj `ogjs ic cgebhbos ti
milvoy t`obr hglj, ].E. 70;0 (:7 Sbmt.), m. 64 QTgrt SBB, Zgf 6U
Gl Gmt ti geolj t`o Gmt bltbtuhoj> Gl Gmt ti olgfho mortgbl
m`bhjrol ic @ghc-frooj `ogjs ic cgebhbos ti milvoy t`obr hglj,].E. 70;2 (:6 Sbmt.), m. 77 QTgrt SBB, Zgf =U
Gl Gmt rospomtblk @ghc-Frooj hgljs glj qubotblk mortgbl tbthos t`oroti,].E. 7007 (:: Sbmt. =rj]oss.), m. 72 QTgrt SBB, Zgf :U
Gl Gmt ti oxphgbl mortgbl pirtbils ic t`o @ghc-Frooj Hgljs Gmt,].E. 700= (:3 & :; Sbmt.), m. 62 QTgrt SBB, Zgf ?U
Gl Gmt rohgtblk ti t`o Zbthos ic @ghc-Frooj Hgljs,].E. 700? (:0 Sbmt.), m. =4 QTgrt SBB, Zgf 3U
Gl Gmt milmorlblk Jomroos glj Irjors il t`o Oqubty ]bjo ic t`o Miurt
ic Wuools Folm`, Eglbtifg, ].E. 700: (:; Sbmt.), m. 0QTgrt SBB, Zgf ;U
Gl Gmt ti privbjo cir t`o pgyeolt ti @ghc-Froojs ic t`o geiults tiw`bm` t`oy gro oltbthoj, glj w`bm` gro blvostoj bl somurbtbos w`bm`
mgllit fo roghbzoj, ].E. 700? (:0 Sbmt.), m. =: QTgrt SBB, Zgf 0U.
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=3. Z`o cbrst sbx ic t`oso stgtutos woro milsihbjgtoj bl Z`o @ghc Frooj Hgljs Gmt,
V.].E. 7027, m. 3;.:3 Z`bs Gmt wgs miltbluoj bl vgrbius milsihbjgtbils t`riuk` ti Z`o @ghc-
Frooj Hgljs Gmt, V.].E.72?:,m. 742.:; Bt wgs cblghhy ropoghoj fy Z`o ]tgtuto Hgw Vovbsbil
glj ]tgtuto Hgw Geoljeolt Gmt, 7232, ].E. 7232, m. =:, s. =7.:0 Z`o hgst twi stgtutos woro
ropoghoj bl 7026 fy Gl Gmt Vospomtblk t`o Vovbsoj ]tgtutos ic Eglbtifg, ].E. 7026 (?? Sbmt.),
m. :7.:2
=;. Z`o Eglbtifg Miurt ic Gppogh jomhbloj ti ruho il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o privblmbgh
stgtutos il t`o fgsbs t`gt t`o bssuo wgs eiit. Eiro spombcbmghhy, ]mitt M.N.E. milmhujoj>?4
Bl ey ipblbil, t`o gppohhglts gro ossoltbghhy sooablk g prbvgto rocorolmorokgrjblk t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic mortgbl spolt, ropoghoj privbsbils. . .
QBUc t`bs miurt woro ti oxormbso bts jbsmrotbil ti jombjo t`oso eiitmilstbtutbilgh bssuos, bt miuhj ipol up it`or spolt ir ropoghoj milstbtutbilghstgtutos ti nujbmbgh rovbow. . .
Bl ey ipblbil, t`o cgmt t`gt t`o ilhy rohboc siuk`t bs g jomhgrgtbil bl gbj icoxtrg-nujbmbgh pihbtbmgh rohboc wobk`s bl cgviur ic t`bs miurt jomhblblk tioxormbso bts nurbsjbmtbil ti jombjo t`oso eiit egttors.
=0. Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`bs mgso rgbsos squgrohy t`o riho ic t`o miurts glj eiro
pgrtbmuhgrhy w`ot`or t`o miurts iuk`t ti privbjo kolorgh hokgh ipblbils ti prbvgto pgrtbos cir t`osiho purpiso ic blchuolmblk pihbtbmgh glj pihbmy iutmieos.
=2. Z`o Eglbtifg Miurt ic Gppogh rohboj il t`bs Miurts jombsbil bl Firiwsab v. Mglgjg
(Gttirloy Kolorgh)?7
:4. Bl Firiwsab, t`bs Miurt jbsmussoj t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss glj t`o twi-stop glghysbs
blvihvoj bl bts gpphbmgtbil. Z`o cbrst stop oltgbhs gl blqubry blti w`ot`or g hbvo jbsputo oxbsts
bl jomhblblk ti ruho il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic Eglbtifgs ropoghoj stgtutos.
:3Z`o @ghc Frooj Hgljs Gmt, V.].E. 7027, m. 3; QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ??U.:;Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hgljs Gmt, V.].E.72?:,m. 742 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ?3U.:0 Z`o ]tgtuto Hgw Vovbsbil glj ]tgtuto Hgw Geoljeolt Gmt, 7232, ].E. 7232, m. =: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. BB, Zgf 3:U.:2Gl Gmt Vospomtblk t`o Vovbsoj ]tgtutos ic Eglbtifg, ].E. 7026 (?? Sbmt.), m. :7 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB,Zgf 3=U.?4Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. 7?4, 7?7, pgrgs. =30, =;6, =;=.?7Firiwsab v. Mglgjg (Gttirloy Kolorgh),Q7202U 7 ].M.V. =:6 QFiriwsabU QGppohhglts Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 0U.
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fotwool t`o pgrtbos. Z`o Miurt rohboj il twi ogrhbor jombsbils, Eibr v. Z`o Mirpirgtbil ic t`o
Sbhhgko ic @ultblkjil?6
gljGttirloy-Kolorgh cir Ghfortg v. Gttirloy-Kolorgh cir Mglgjg,?=
:7. Z`o somilj stop bl t`oFiriwsab glghysbs bs cir t`o miurt ti jotoreblo w`ot`or ti `ogr g
mgso t`gt wiuhj it`orwbso fo eiit. ]ipblag N. mgutbiloj blFiriwsab t`gt t`o jbsmrotbil eust fo
nujbmbghhy oxormbsoj wbt` juo rokgrj cir ostgfhbs`oj prblmbphos.
cir
t`o pripisbtbil t`gt ilmo hokbshgtbil `gs fool ropoghoj g hokgh m`ghholko bs eiit. Fgsoj il t`oso
jombsbils, t`bs Miurt ruhoj t`gt t`oFiriwsab gppogh wgs eiit sblmo t`o sufstrgtue ic t`o gppogh
`gj jbsgppogroj.
?: Cgmtirs ti fo milsbjoroj
blmhujo w`ot`or gl gjvorsgrbgh miltoxt miltbluos ti oxbst, t`o looj ti rgtbil smgrmo nujbmbgh
rosiurmos glj t`o looj cir t`o miurt ti fo miklbzglt ic bts riho gs t`o gjnujbmgtbvo frglm` wbt`bl
t`o Mglgjbgl pihbtbmgh crgeowira.??
:6. Z`o t`brj ic t`oso prblmbphos wgs t`o cgmtir t`gt blchuolmoj t`o Eglbtifg Miurt ic Gppogh
bl jombjblk lit ti jotoreblo t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o ropoghoj Eglbtifg hokbshgtbil. Gs bl
Firiwsab, ]mitt M.N.E. milmhujoj t`gt g miurt iuk`t lit ti kbvo g fgro hokgh ipblbil il g
milstbtutbilgh egttor, cir ti ji si wiuhj turl t`o gppogh blti g prbvgto rocorolmo. Z`o Eglbtifg
Miurt ic Gppogh jomhbloj ti fo mi-iptoj blti privbjblk g hokgh ipblbil bl t`o gfsolmo ic g hbvo
jbsputo.
:=. ]ufsoquolt tiFiriwsab, lueorius miurts `gvo jomhbloj ti ruho il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic
ropoghoj stgtutos>Vocorolmo ro Voeulorgtbil ic Nujkos ic t`o Trivblmbgh Miurt ic Trblmo
Ojwgrj Bshglj1 Vocorolmo ro Bljopoljolmo glj Bepgrtbghbty ic Nujkos ic t`o Trivblmbgh Miurt
?6Eibr v. Z`o Mirpirgtbil ic t`o Sbhhgko ic @ultblkjil(7027), 72 ].M.V. =3= QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B,Zgf 6?U.?=Gttirloy-Kolorgh cir Ghfortg v. Gttirloy-Kolorgh cir Mglgjg, Q72=2U G.M. 77; (T.M.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. B, Zgf 7U.?:
Firiwsab, suprggt =?0 QGppohhglts Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 0U.??Firiwsab, suprggt=?0-=3= QGppohhglts Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 0U.
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ic Trblmo Ojwgrj Bshglj,?3 Aollott v. Eglbtifg (Gttirloy Kolorgh),?; Ojeiltil (Mbty) v.
Krbefho,?0
Tgylo v. [bhsil,?2H. (M.T.), Vo,34EmAolzbo v. Frbtbs` Mihuefbg (Eblbstry ic Tufhbm
]gcoty glj ]ihbmbtir Kolorgh).37
::.
Z`o gppohhglts grkuo t`gt t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss `gs li gpphbmgtbil ti t`bs mgso fomguso
ic t`o jombsbil ic t`bs Miurt bl Jueilt v. Mglgjg (Gttirloy Kolorgh).
36
:?. Jueilt wgs jombjoj g yogr gctor Firiwsab fut egaos li eoltbil ic bt. Eglbtifg
sufebts t`gt Jueilt eust fo uljorstiij gs g ruhblk il g prohbeblgry eitbil ti strbao. Z`o
milmhusbil wgs t`gt t`o egttor s`iuhj primooj ti trbgh glj t`gt jomhgrgtiry rohboc egy fo krgltojbl t`o jbsmrotbil ic t`o miurt . . .
Jueiltwgs roljoroj
il g eitbil ti strbao friuk`t fy Mglgjg bl rospomt ic t`bs hbtbkgtbil. Eglbtifg jbj lit pgrtbmbpgto
bl t`o eitbil.
3=
:3. Bt wgs, ic miurso, ipol ti t`o bljbvbjugh gppohhglts glmostirs ti m`ghholko t`o hokbshgtbil
jurblk t`o yogrs bt wgs iporgtbilgh. Z`oro woro li hokgh ir prgmtbmgh bepojbeolts ti sum` gl
gmtbil. Z`o Etbs glj t`obr suppirtors bl t`o Mgt`ihbm mhorky woro wohh gwgro ic `iw
Bl it`or wirjs, ghh t`o Miurt jombjoj wgs t gt bt wgs lit
phgbl glj ifvbius t`gt t`o mgso wiuhj cgbh. Z`o gmaliwhojkeolt t`gt jbsmrotbil rostoj wbt` t`o
trbgh nujko bs gl oxphbmbt romiklbtbil fy t`o Miurt t`gt ghh rohovglt hokgh prblmbphos, blmhujblk t`iso
grtbmuhgtoj bl Firiwsab, woro stbhh ti fo milsbjoroj. Zi bltorprot t`o Jueilt jombsbil bl t`o
egllor sukkostoj fy t`o gppohhglts geiults ti t`bs Miurt `gvblk irjoroj g prbvgto rocorolmo,
sieot`blk bt `gj ulglbeiushy milmhujoj ilhy ilo yogr fociro wgs lit t`o pripor riho cir g
miurt.
?3Vocorolmo ro Voeulorgtbil ic Nujkos ic t`o Trivblmbgh Miurt ic Trblmo Ojwgrj Bshglj1 Vocorolmo ro
Bljopoljolmo glj Bepgrtbghbty ic Nujkos ic t`o Trivblmbgh Miurt ic Trblmo Ojwgrj Bshglj, Q722;U = ].M.V. = gtpgrg. 6:2 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :7U.?;Aollott v. Eglbtifg(Gttirloy Kolorgh) (7220), 762 Egl. V. (6j) 6:: (M.G.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B,
Zgf 72U.?0Ojeiltil (Mbty) v. Krbefho(7223), =; Ghtg. H. V. (=j) :=;, 7223 MgrswohhGhtg 7?2 (M.G.) QEglbtifgsGut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 7:U.?2Tgylo v. [bhsil(6446), 736 I.G.M. :0, 6446 MgrswohhIlt 666: (M.G.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf =7U.34H. (M.T.), Vo(722=), 776 Lchj. & T.O.B.V. 7:0, 722= MgrswohhLchj =76 (M.G.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B,Zgf 67U.37EmAolzbo v. Frbtbs` Mihuefbg (Eblbstry ic Tufhbm ]gcoty glj ]ihbmbtir Kolorgh),644; FMMG ?4;, 644;MgrswohhFM 6?47 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 6=U.36Jueilt v. Mglgjg (Gttirloy Kolorgh), Q7224U 7 ].M.V. 6;2 QJueiltU QGppohhglts Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 6U.3=Bfbj. gt 604 QGppohhglts Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 6U.
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ti gmmoss t`o uppor om`ohils ic kivorleolt bc t`oro woro bssuos ti fo rosihvoj. Z`oy `gj ghrogjy
fool summosscuh bl `gvblk t`o Hboutolglt Kivorlir sot gsbjo t`obr hgljs cir ghhiteolt il g pgrbs`-
fy-pgrbs` fgsbs, glj t`oy `gj summosscuhhy hiffboj Mglgjg ti rovorso bts jombsbil ti blmhujo t`o
`ogjs ic cgebhy bl t`o s. =7 jbstrbfutbil. Z`oy `gj somuroj gl ox krgtbgsmrbp ghhimgtbil cir `ogjs
ic cgebhy gs miepolsgtbil cir t`obr roeivgh crie t`o s. =7 sm`oeo. Z`oy `gj porsugjoj Mglgjg
ti roeivo t`o iutor twi ebhos ic `gy hglj fo`blj t`o rbvor hits crie t`o hglj gvgbhgfho cir
jbstrbfutbil uljor s. =7. Fut t`o Etbs jbj lit hiffy t`o privblmo ti geolj ir ropogh t`o
bepukloj hokbshgtbil, t`o blcorolmo foblk t`gt bt eot wbt` t`obr kolorgh gpprivgh.
:;. Bl gjjbtbil ti hiffyblk, t`o Etbs glj t`obr hogjors ghsi `gj t`o iptbil ic potbtbilblk t`o
Kivorlir Kolorgh ti jbsghhiw t`o hokbshgtbil. Z`bs wgs gl gmmoptoj, bloxpolsbvo glj croquolthy
usoj eot`ij ic iftgblblk g milstbtutbilgh roeojy jurblk t`o lblotoolt` moltury.3:
:0. Lir wgs gly gmtbil friuk`t bl miurt ti m`ghholko t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o hokbshgtbil.
Z`bs bs bl s`grp miltrgst ti w`gt immurroj g cow yogrs hgtor w`ol t`o privblmo pgssoj hokbshgtbil
joghblk wbt` jolieblgtbilgh sm`iihs. Z`o Mgt`ihbm mieeulbty eifbhbzoj bl ippisbtbil glj
pursuoj t`o egttor ti t`o Trbvy Miulmbh. [`ol t`gt rosuht wgs lit jooeoj sgtbscgmtiry, t`o
mieeulbty, uljor t`o hogjors`bp ic Grm`fbs`ip Zgm`, mihhomtoj ivor :,6?; lgeos il g potbtbil
glj milvblmoj t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh ti sufebt g rocorolmo ti t`o ]uproeo Miurt ic Mglgjg.
Z`bs mgso wgs ghsi gppoghoj ti t`o Trbvy Miulmbh. Z`o trbgh Nujko milmhujoj t gt bt wgs sgco ti
blcor t`gt egly ic t`o sbklgtirbos Qti t`o potbtbilU wiuhj `gvo fool Etbs glj t`gt bt wgs mhogr
t`gt t`iso eoefors ic t`o mieeulbty blmhujblk t`obr hogjors`bp woro ghbvo ti t`obr rbk`ts . . . glj
ic t`o roeojbos t`oy `gj bl t`o ovolt ic gl immurrolmo w`bm` t`oy milsbjoroj ti fo g frogm`.
Fut lipotbtbil wgs friuk`t sooablk t`o Kivorlir Kolorghs bltorvoltbil.
3?
:2. [`bho t`o trbgh Nujko jbj lit rohy il t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss, `o jbj milmhujo t`gt t`o
jimtrblo ic hgm`os wgs g cuhh jocolmo ti t`o mhgbe. Eiro pgrtbmuhgrhy, `o milmhujoj t`gt t`oro
3:Ox`bfbt 7-46?2, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, pp. 7;=, 727-72=.3?Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, p. 7?6, pgrg. :=?1Fgrrott v. Mbty ic [bllbpok, Q7026U G.M.::? (T.M.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf =U1Frip`y glj It`orsv.Gttirloy-Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg, Q702?UG.M. 646 (T.M.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf ?U. Z`o potbtbil bs blmhujoj bl t`o ]uproeo Miurt ic Mglgjgrogsils> sooBl ro Mortgbl ]tgtutos ic t`o Trivblmo ic Eglbtifg Vohgtblk ti Ojumgtbil(702:), 66 ].M.V. ?;; gt347-34? QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 70U.
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wgs kriss johgy il t`o pgrt ic t`o gppohhglts bl pursublk t`o mhgbe glj t`gt Eglbtifg wgs
pronujbmoj fy t`o johgy bl t`gt bt `gj fool joprbvoj ic gl ippirtulbty ti tgao jbromtbil crie t`o
miurts glj geolj bts stgtutos.33
?4. Z`o riho ic t`o miurts bl t`o milstbtutbilgh miltoxt bs ti rostiro milstbtutbilgh irjor fy
strbablk jiwl iccoljblk hokbshgtbil glj bl si jiblk ti priliulmo il rohovglt milstbtutbilgh
prblmbphos. Z`bs, bl turl, porebts t`o hokbshgtbvo frglm`os ti rospilj gmmirjblkhy. Gs t`bs Miurt
ifsorvoj bl Srbolj v. Ghfortg>
[`bho jbromtoj ti t`o jimtrblo ic hgm`os, t`o trbgh Nujkos
mieeolts gro oqughhy rohovglt ti t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss glj t`o oxormbso ic jbsmrotbil gs
miltoephgtoj bl t`o somilj stgko ic t`oFiriwsab glghysbs.
3;
Gs B vbow t`o egttor, t`o M`grtor `gs kbvol rbso ti g eiro jylgebm
bltorgmtbil geilk t`o frglm`os ic kivorlglmo. Z`bs bltorgmtbil `gs foolgpthy josmrbfoj gs g jbghikuo fy sieo (soo o.k. @ikk glj Fus`ohh,suprg). Bl rovbowblk hokbshgtbvo olgmteolts glj oxomutbvo jombsbils tiolsuro milstbtutbilgh vghbjbty, t`o miurts spoga ti t`o hokbshgtbvo gljoxomutbvo frglm`os. Gs `gs fool pibltoj iut, eist ic t`o hokbshgtbil `ohjlit ti pgss milstbtutbilgh eustor `gs fool cihhiwoj fy low hokbshgtbiljosbkloj ti gmmiephbs` sbebhgr ifnomtbvos (soo @ikk glj Fus`ohh, suprg, gtp. 06). Fy jiblk t`bs, t`o hokbshgturo rospiljs ti t`o miurts1 `olmo t`ojbghikuo geilk t`o frglm`os.
Zi ey eblj, g krogt vghuo ic nujbmbgh rovbow glj t`bs jbghikuo geilk t`o
frglm`os bs t`gt ogm` ic t`o frglm`os bs egjo sieow`gt gmmiultgfho ti t`oit`or. Z`o wira ic t`o hokbshgturo bs rovbowoj fy t`o miurts glj t`o wira ict`o miurt bl bts jombsbils mgl fo rogmtoj ti fy t`o hokbshgturo bl t`o pgssblkic low hokbshgtbil (ir ovol ivorgrm`blk hgws uljor s. == ic t`o M`grtor).Z`bs jbghikuo fotwool glj gmmiultgfbhbty ic ogm` ic t`o frglm`os `gvo t`ooccomt ic ol`glmblk t`o joeimrgtbm primoss, lit jolyblk bt.
?7. Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt g ruhblk il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o bepukloj stgtutos gt t`bs
hgto jgto wiuhj geiult ti g sbklbcbmglt jopgrturo crie t`bs Miurts hokbtbegto riho bl t`o
milstbtutbilgh crgeowira. ]um` g ruhblk wiuhj lit fo cir t`o purpiso ic rostirblk milstbtutbilghirjor, sblmo t`o stgtutos gro li hilkor bl oxbstolmo. Lir wiuhj bt fo cir t`o purpiso ic curt`orblk
g jbghikuo wbt` t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo, sblmo t`o ifnomtbvos ic t`o bepukloj stgtutos gro li
33Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, pp. 7?;-73:, pgrgs. ::2-:34.3;Srbolj v. Ghfortg, Q7220U 7 ].M.V. :2= gt pgrgs. 7=0-7=2 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :2U.
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hilkor rohovglt. Lit`blk t`gt t`o Miurt bs foblk gsaoj ti jombjo bl rospomt ic t`o Eglbtifg
stgtutos `gs gly hokgh bepgmt kiblk cirwgrj. Vgt`or, g jombsbil il t`o eorbts wiuhj fo g fgro
hokgh ipblbil josbkloj ti strolkt`ol t`o fgrkgblblk piwor ic ilo sbjo ir t`o it`or bl g pitoltbgh
hglj mhgbe lokitbgtbil, w`bm` t`o gppohhglts `gvo bjoltbcboj gs t`o purpiso ic t`bs hbtbkgtbil bl
pgrgkrgp` 77 ic t`o Geoljoj ]tgtoeolt ic Mhgbe.
?6. Z`o Jueilt jombsbil jios romiklbzo t`gt g jomhgrgtbil egy fo krgltoj bl gbj ic oxtrg-
nujbmbgh rohboc bl gl gppriprbgto mgso. Thgmoj bl t`o miltoxt ic g eitbil ti strbao, t`gt mieeolt
eust fo uljorstiij gs eoglblk t`gt t`o eoro cgmt t`gt t`o ]tgtoeolt ic Mhgbe grtbmuhgtos t`bs gs
t`o purpiso ic t o jomhgrgtbil s`iuhj lit fo jotoreblgtbvo ic t`o eitbil. @iwovor, lit`blk bl
t`oJueilt jombsbilbljbmgtos t`gt t`o trbgh nujko s`iuhj rocrgbl crie gpphyblk ghh rohovglt hokgh
prblmbphos, blmhujblk oxormbsblk rostrgblt si gs ti egbltgbl t`o miurts pripor riho wbt`blMglgjgs milstbtutbilgh joeimrgmy.
?=. Z`o romolt jombsbil ic Mglgjg (Trbeo Eblbstor) v. A`gjr30bs gl oxgepho ic t`bs Miurt
egablk g fgro jomhgrgtbil ic g vbihgtbil ic milstbtutbilgh rbk`ts, t`o siho purpiso ic w`bm` wgs ti
blchuolmo t`o gmtbils ic t`o cojorgh oxomutbvo frglm` bl bts rohgtbils wbt` t`o _lbtoj ]tgtos
kivorleolt. Z`gt jomhgrgtbil, `iwovor, blvihvoj g hbvo miltrivorsy gs ti w`ot`or t`oro wgs gl
ilkiblk vbihgtbil ic M`grtor rbk`ts. Gctor g cuhh rovbow ic t`o rohovglt hokgh prblmbphos, t`bs
Miurt milmhujoj t`gt miurts pissoss g lgrriw piwor ti rovbow glj bltorvolo il egttors ic
cirobkl gccgbrs ti olsuro t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic oxomutbvo gmtbil . . .32
?:. Bt bs ic miurso truo t`gt t`oro `gs ghrogjy fool cuhh grkueolt il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o
bepukloj stgtutos gt fit` trbgh glj il gppogh, fut t`bs jios lit nustbcy t`bs Miurt jopgrtblk
Bl it`or wirjs, t`o mgso
`gj g rogh, prgmtbmgh glj hokgh occomt il miltblublk kivorleolt gmtbil. Bl miltrgst, t`o hokbshgtbil
glj gly gmtbvbtbos kivorloj fy bt bl t`o mgso gt fgr gro hilk sblmo spolt.
30Mglgjg (Trbeo Eblbstor) v. A`gjr, Q6474U 7 ].M.V. :: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf ;U.32
Bfbj. gt pgrg. =0.
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crie bts trgjbtbilgh riho. Z`bs Miurt wgs cgmoj wbt` t`o sgeo roghbty blT`bhhbps v. Livg ]mitbg
(Mieebssbil ic Blqubry blti t`o [ostrgy Eblo Zrgkojy).;4
Z`o egnirbty nujkeolt, por ]ipblag
N., stgtoj>;7
Bl Firiwsab, ght`iuk` t`o gppogh wgs cuhhy grkuoj il t`o eorbts bl t`oMiurt ic Gppogh glj bl t`bs Miurt, bt wgs jbsebssoj il t`o kriulj iceiitloss. B mgllit, t`orociro, gkroo wbt` ey mihhogkuo Miry N. t`gt t`o cgmtt`gt t`o mgso wgs cuhhy grkuoj bl t`o Livg ]mitbg Miurt ic Gppogh glj blt`bs Miurt bs succbmbolt ti wgrrglt jombjblk jbccbmuht M`grtor bssuos gljhgyblk jiwl kubjohblos wbt` rospomt ti cuturo pufhbm blqubrbos sbephyfomguso ti ji si ebk`t fo "`ohpcuh".
??. Zi jombjo g mgso w`oro t`oro bs li hbvo hokgh jbsputo rbsas t`o loutrghbty glj t`us t`o
roputgtbil ic t`o miurt. Jgvbj Euhhgl glj Gljrow Viegl `gvo grkuoj>;6
QZU`o eiro g miurt bs wbhhblk ti oltor blti frigj eirgh ir pihbmy jbsmussbilswbt` hbebtoj hokgh uljorpbllblks, t`o eiro bt ruls t`o jglkor ic pihbtbmbzblkbts riho blgppriprbgtohy glj uhtbegtohy hisblk rospomt gs g loutrgh grfbtor icmilmroto jbsputos. Eiroivor, bc t`o Miurt ilhy rospiljs bl sbtugtbils w`orot`oro bs g rogh hbs, bt prosorvos t`o gppogrglmo ic loutrghbty cgr eiro t`gl btjios fy olkgkblk bl gppgrolt mgso sohomtbil ir gkoljg eglgkoeolt fyghhiwblk sieo eoefors ic t`o pufhbm ti blviao bts nurbsjbmtbil bl t`ogfsolmo ic g hbs.
?3.
G ruhblk il t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic hilk-ropoghoj hokbshgtbil wiuhj occomtbvohy krgltmortgbl eoefors ic t`o pufhbm gmmoss ti t`bs Miurt bl t`o gfsolmo ic g hbs. Z`bs bs gl gppriprbgto
mgso ti gpphy t`o jimtrblo ic eiitloss. Z`o jimtrblo bs ilo wgy t`gt miurts oxormbso rostrgblt ti
egbltgbl t`obr pripor culmtbil. Gs t`bs Miurt stgtoj bl Jiumot-Fiujrogu v. Livg ]mitbg
(Eblbstor ic Ojumgtbil)>;=
Milmorl cir t`o hbebts ic t`o nujbmbgh riho bs bltorwivol t`riuk`iut t`o hgw.Z`o jovohipeolt ic t`o jimtrblos ic nustbmbgfbhbty, glj ti g krogt oxtolteiitloss, stgljblk, glj rbpoloss rosuhtoj crie milmorls gfiut t`o miurts
;4T`bhhbps v. Livg ]mitbg (Mieebssbil ic Blqubry blti t`o [ostrgy Eblo Zrgkojy), Q722?U 6 ].M.V. 2; QEglbtifgsGut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf =6U.;7Bfbj. gt pgrg. 7=.;6Euhhgl glj Viegl, Eblbstor ic Nustbmo ic Mglgjg v. Firiwsab> Z`o Oxtolt ic t`o Mbtbzols Vbk`t ti Hbtbkgto t`oHgwcuhloss ic Kivorleolt Gmtbil, (720:) : [bljsir Rogrfiia ic Gmmoss ti Nustbmo =4= gt ==? QEglbtifgsGut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf 3;U.;=Jiumot-Fiujrogu v. Livg ]mitbg (Eblbstor ic Ojumgtbil), Q644=U = ].M.V. = gt pgrg. =: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. B, Zgf 7=U.
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ivorstoppblk t`o fiuljs ic t`o nujbmbgh culmtbil glj t`obr riho vbs--vbsit`or frglm`os ic kivorleolt.
?;. Bt wiuhj ivorstop t`o nujbmbgh culmtbil ti jotoreblo t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o bepukloj
hokbshgtbil gt t`bs hgto jgto. Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`bs Miurt iuk`t litti iccor g prbvgto rocorolmo bl t`bs mgso ir bl gly ic t`o it`or eyrbgj ic sbtugtbils w`oro eijorl-
jgy hbtbkglts sooa ti rojross pormobvoj `bstirbmgh wrilks. Z`o riho ic t`o miurts bl Mglgjbgl
milstbtutbilgh joeimrgmy bs ti rostiro milstbtutbilgh irjor. Zi t`o oxtolt t`gt t`oro wgs ovor
milstbtutbilgh jbsirjor bt wgs roeojboj il t`o ropogh ic t`o stgtutos. Z`oro bs li ippirtulbty
cir g milstbtutbilgh jbghikuo gt t`bs tbeo sblmo t`oro gro li stgtutos cir Eglbtifg ti geolj. Gs
sum`, t`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`bs Miurt iuk`t ti jomhblo ti ruho il t`o
vbros ic t`o bepukloj stgtutos.
F. Z`o Ghtorlgt bvo Grkueolt - Z`o Eglbtifg ]tgtutos [oro
Milstbtutbilgh
?0. Z`o gppohhglts m`ghholko t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o Eglbtifg stgtutos il t`o fgsbs t`gt
t`oy trolm` il cojorgh piwor uljor s. 27(7G) ir s. 27(6:) ic t`o Milstbtutbil Gmt, 703;.
Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`o stgtutos cghh squgrohy wbt`bl bts nurbsjbmtbil uljor ss. 26(7=), 26(7:)
glj 26(73).
7. ]tgljblk ti M`ghholko t`o Milstbtutbilghbty
?2. Z`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg jbj lit m`ghholko t`o stgljblk ic t`o bljbvbjugh
gppohhglts ti frblk t`bs gmtbil. Z`o ovbjolmo ostgfhbs`oj t`gt twohvo ic t`oso sovoltool
bljbvbjughs `gj glmostirs oltbthoj ti folocbts uljor s. =7 ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt. Blciregtbil wgs
himgtoj il twolty-t`roo hglj trglsgmtbils blvihvblk t`o blbtbgh sgho ic t`oso folocbts.;:
34. Eglbtifg jbj m`ghholko t`o stgljblk ic t`o Eglbtifg Eotbs Cojorgtbil Blm. Z`o s. =7
krglts woro privbjoj ti bljbvbjughs, lit ti g mihhomtbvo glj lit ti gly promursir ic g mirpirgto
Z`oso
trglsgmtbils wiuhj `gvo fool kivorloj fy t`o bepukloj stgtutos glj Eglbtifg gmmoptoj t`gt t`bs
privbjoj succbmbolt millomtbil ti kriulj stgljblk.
;:Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, p. 772, pgrgs. =::, =:?1 Sih. BB, p. 33, pgrg. ;;6.
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oltbty. Z`o trbgh Nujko milmhujoj t`gt t`o gppohhglts mhgbe wgs culjgeoltghhy chgwoj fomguso
t`oy siuk`t rohboc t`gt wgs bl ossolmo ic g mihhomtbvo lgturo w`ol, bl cgmt, s. =7 privbjoj cir
bljbvbjugh krglts.;? Z`us, t`o trbgh Nujko ruhoj t`gt t`o Eglbtifg Eotbs Cojorgtbil Blm. jbj lit
`gvo stgljblk il t`o fgsbs t`gt bts eoefors`bp wgs lit mi-oxtolsbvo wbt` t`iso bljbvbjughs
w`iso glmostirs romobvoj folocbts uljor t`o Eglbtifg Gmt glj bt jbj lit qughbcy cir pufhbm
bltorost stgljblk wbt`bl t`o tost sot iut bl Mglgjbgl Miulmbh ic M`urm`os v. Mglgjg (Eblbstor ic
Oephiyeolt glj Beebkrgtbil).;3
37. G jotoreblgtbil ic pufhbm bltorost stgljblk bs jbsmrotbilgry glj iuk`t lit ti fo bltorcoroj
wbt` bl t o gfsolmo ic pghpgfho glj ivorrbjblk orrir. Z`o Miurt ic Gppogh milmhujoj t`gt t`oro
wgs li nustbcbmgtbil cir bltorcorblk wbt` t`o trbgh Nujkos jbsmrotbil.
;;
36. ]bebhgrhy, t`o Gttirloy Kolorgh ic Eglbtifg sufebts t`gt t`bs Miurt iuk`t lit ti bltorcoro
wbt` t`o jbsmrotbil ic t`o trbgh Nujko.
6. Gl Ivorvbow ic t`o ]tgtutos
3=. Z`o yiulk privblmo ic Eglbtifg cgmoj egly jgultblk `urjhos bl bts cbrst cow yogrs. Bt
`gj ti put blti phgmo ghh ic bts culjgeoltgh blstbtutbils. Bt `gj ti gjjross bts omiliebm stgfbhbty,
pgrtbmuhgrhy sblmo bts egnir pro-Milcojorgtbil bljustry, t`o Voj Vbvor-fgsoj fuccghi `ult, wgs lihilkor vbgfho.;0
3:. Beeojbgtohy upil t`o pgssgko ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt, sghos ic stgtutiry oltbthoeolts ti hglj
fokgl. Z`bs bs lit surprbsblk, kbvol t`gt t`o Etbs `gj ghwgys olniyoj t`o rbk`t ti eglgko t`obr
bljbvbjugh gccgbrs. Curt`or, t`oro wgs li jbsputo bl Eglbtifg t`gt t`o s. =7 krglts woro ti fo
trogtoj gs gly it`or priporty. Cir oxgepho, gl grtbmho bl t`o Eglbtifgl lowspgpor il
Bt loojoj ti gfsirf low beebkrglts glj bt loojoj ti gjjross t`o simbgh roghbty ic
ivor g ebhhbil gmros ic hglj mieblk blti t`o pissossbil ic bts rosbjolts uljor t`o privbsbils ic
s. =7 ic t`oEglbtifg Gmt.
;?Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BB, p. 72?, pgrgs. 7723-7644.;3Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, pp. 7=0, 7=2, pgrgs. =22, :441 Mglgjbgl Miulmbh icM`urm`os v. Mglgjg (Eblbstor ic Oephiyeolt glj Beebkrgtbil), Q7226U 7 ].M.V. 6=3 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. B, Zgf 0U.;;Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, pp. 74;, 740, pgrg. 630.;0Ox`bfbt ZO =?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBB, pp. 77=, 77:.
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Jomoefor ;, 70;6 gjvbsoj t`o Etbs ti `ihj ilti yiur hgljs. Bt egy fo t`gt yiu eogl ti sohh
uhtbegtohy. Z`gts ghh wohh. Fut wgbt g hbttho. Jilt t`riw bt gwgy. Fy `ihjblk il cir g yogr ir
twi, yiu wbhh bl egly mgsos kot g krogt jogh eiro cir bt t`gt yiu wiuhj rogjbhy begkblo. ;2 Z`o
Eglbtifg hokbshgturo ghsi rochomtoj t`bs vbow w`ol bt solt gl gjjross jgtoj Cofrugry 0, 70;6 ti
t`o Kivorlir Kolorgh gssortblk t`gt t`o rombpbolts ic t`o s. =7 krglts woro oltbthoj ti t`o rbk`ts
gssuroj fy mieeil hgw ti t`o iwlors ic bljbvbjugh priporty. 04 Fbs`ip Zgm` glj Cgt`or
Vbtm`it gpprombgtoj t`gt, bl t`o gfsolmo ic spombcbm hokbshgtbil bepisblk gl oltgbh, t`o hgljs
wiuhj fo ghbolgfho uljor t`o mieeil hgw.07
3?.
@iwovor, fy 70;=, milmorls griso t`gt egly beprivbjolt miltrgmts `gj fool oltorojblti. Z`o Eglbtifg Hokbshgturo gjjrossoj t`bs prifhoe fy pgssblk Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt
Tritomtbil Gmt, ].E. 70;= (=; Sbmt.), m. ::
[`bho t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo `gj t`o
milstbtutbilgh nurbsjbmtbil ti pri`bfbt sghos, sum` g miurso ic gmtbil wgs lovor miltoephgtoj fy
t`o Etbs hogjors`bp gs g procorroj pufhbm pihbmy.
06 (@FHKTG, 70;=). Z`bs Gmt porebttoj Etbs
voljirs ti ropujbgto gly miltrgmts cir t`o sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts t`gt woro oltoroj blti prbir ti t`o
romobpt ic t`o pgtolt. Z`bsGmt shiwoj fut jbj lit ghtikot`or stip sghos.0=
33. Fy 70;;, t`o krglts ic hglj woro stgrtblk ti chiw ti t`o s. =7 rombpbolts. Mglgjg `gj
gmmojoj ti Eglbtifgs roquost t`gt t`o ghhittoos fo gjvbsoj ic t`obr pgrmoh bl gjvglmo ic t`o
pgtolt. ]blmo t`o folocbmbgrbos alow t`obr prombso hits, Eglbtifg m`iso ti rovbsbt t`o bssuo ic t`o
sgho ic s. =7 hgljs glj ti romilsbjor t`o gfsihuto rbk`t ic ropujbgtbil ic t`o sgho miltrgmts.
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Kr glt Gmt, 70;;
3;. Mrogtblk g eiro oqubtgfho olvbrileolt cir trglsgmtbils blvihvblk s. =7 bltorosts gppogrs
ti `gvo fool t`o eitbvgtbil cirGl Gmt ti geolj t`o Gmt pgssoj bl t`o =;t`yogr ic @or Egnostys
robkl, oltbthoj Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt, ].E. 70;; (:4 Sbmt.), m.?
(@FHKG, 70;;). Bl bltrijumblk t`oGmt, Troebor Jgvbs gjvbsoj t`gt bts purpiso wgs ti kbvo
;2Ox`bfbt 7-4;?;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PS, p. 767.04Ox`bfbt 7-430;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBS, p. 727.07Ox`bfbt 7-4070, Gppohhglts, Vomirj, Sih. PS, p. 7=:.06Z`o @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Tritomtbil Gmt, ].E. 70;= (=; Sbmt.), m. :: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ?:U.0=Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?2, pgrg. 767.
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sgtbscgmtbil ti t`o krogtost luefor glj il somiljblk t`o eitbil, Er. Lirqugy bljbmgtoj bt wgs
josbkloj ti roeivo g fgrrbor.0:
30. Z`o eot`ij m`isol fy t`o hokbshgturo ti gmmiephbs` t`bs kigh wgs ti eijbcy t`o oxbstblk
hgw si gs ti roeivo t`o gfsihuto rbk`t ic ropujbgtbil miltgbloj bl t`o @FHKTG, 70;= glj ti
ghhiw fbljblk miltrgmts ti fo egjo cir t`o sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts. Z`o @FHKG, 70;; spombcboj
t`gt t`o miltrgmt `gj ti fo fy jooj, g jimueolt uljor sogh. Z`o roqubroeolt cir g jooj mrogtoj
sieo cireghbty bl t`o mrogtbil ic t`o miltrgmt, gs miltrgstoj wbt` g eoeirgljue bl wrbtblk
w`bm` miuhj fo usoj ti sohh it`or hgljs bl t`o privblmo.
0?
32. Z`o hokbshgtbil spombcboj t`gt g miltrgmt fy jooj cir t`o sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts s`ghh fo
`ohj ti fo hokgh glj occomtugh cir ghh purpisos w`gtsiovor, glj s`ghh trglscor ti t`o purm`gsor t`orbk`ts ic t`o voljir t`oroti. Z`o hokbshgtbil, fy bts vory tores glj fy milstbtutbilgh lomossbty,
gpphboj ti t`o prbvgto priporty rbk`ts ic purm`gsors glj voljirs glj jbj lit bl gly egllor gccomt
t`o hokgh tbtho ir rbk`ts ic Mglgjg ti pufhbm hgljs bl t`o privblmo.
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Kr glt Gmt, 70;0
;4. Gt mieeil hgw g eblirs miltrgmt ti sohh hglj bs lit vibj fut vibjgfho wbt`bl g
rogsilgfho tbeo gctor rogm`blk egnirbty.03 Z`o roghbty cgmoj fy t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo bl 70;0wgs t`gt eblirs woro sohhblk t`obr s. =7 krglts, ictol wbt` t`obr pgrolts privbjblk eirtkgkos il
t`obr iwl hgljs gs somurbty bl t`o ovolt t`o miltrgmt wgs vibjoj. 0;
;7. Z`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo m`iso ti gjjross t`bs roghbty bl 70;0 wbt` t`o pgssgko ic Gl Gmt
ti olgfho mortgbl m`bhjrol ic @ghc-frooj `ogjs ic cgebhbos ti milvoy t`obr hglj, ].E. 70;0
(:7 Sbmt.), m. 64 (@FHKG, 70;0). Z`o Gmt gpphboj ti voljirs fotwool t`o gkos ic obk`tool
0:Ox`bfbt 7-76?;, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PBP, p. =.0?Gl Gmt cir t`o Trovoltbil ic Crgujs glj Tornurbos, ].E. 70;7 (=: Sbmt.), m. =, s. 7 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. BB, Zgf 34U.03S. Jb Mgstrb, Z`o Hgw ic Soljir glj Turm`gsor> Z`o Hgw glj Trgmtbmo Vohgtblk ti Miltrgmts cir ]gho ic Hglj blt`o Mieeil Hgw Trivblmos ic Mglgjg, 6lj oj. (Zirilti> Mgrswohh, 72;3) gt 3: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB,Zgf 32U1J.[. [gtors, Hgw ic Zrusts bl Mglgjg, 6lj oj. (Zirilti> Mgrswohh, 720:) gt 26 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos,Sih. BB, Zgf 33U.0;Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. ?0, pgrg. 7701 Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko,Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. B, p. ;:, pgrg. 642.
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glj uljor twolty-ilo. Bt vgrboj t`o mieeil hgw fy roeivblk t`o rbk`t ic ropujbgtbil glj
rophgmoj bt wbt` twi it`or sgcokugrjs> t`o roqubroeolt ic pgroltgh milsolt ti t`o miltrgmt glj
milcbregtbil fy g nujko ir twi nustbmos ic t`o pogmo t`gt t`o trglsgmtbil wgs vihultgry il t`o
pgrt ic t`o m`bhj.
;6. Z`oGmts ic 70;; glj 70;0 niblthy kivorloj t`o blbtbgh sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts fy t`o Etbs
voljirs ultbh t`obr ropogh bl 7232. Bljbvbjughs twolty-ilo glj ivor w`i wbs`oj ti sohh jbj si fy
jooj bl gmmirjglmo wbt` t`o kolorgh mieeil hgw. Bljbvbjughs fotwool obk`tool glj uljor
twolty-ilo w`i wbs`oj ti egao g fbljblk miltrgmt miuhj ji si wbt` pgroltgh milsolt glj
nujbmbgh suporvbsbil.
;=.
Tgrolts glj kugrjbgls ghsi `gj t`o iptbil ic sohhblk t`obr m`bhjrols hgljs t`riuk` g miurtirjor iftgbloj uljor Gl Gmt rospomtblk Blcglts glj t`obr Ostgtos, ].E. 70;0 (:7 Sbmt.), m. ;.00
@ghc-Frooj Hglj Kr glt Gmt, 70;21 @ghc-Frooj Hglj Krglt Gmt, 700=
Z`o gppohhglts `gvo lit m`ghholkoj t`bs hokbshgtbil.
;:. Z`o Gmts ic 70;2 glj 700= egjo eblir geoljeolts ti t`o @FHKG, 70;0 bl irjor ti
mhgrbcy w`i wgs roqubroj ti kbvo milsolt ti t`o sgho ic s. =7 bltorosts fy bljbvbjughs fotwool
obk`tool glj uljor twolty-ilo. Gl Gmt ti geolj t`o Gmt bltbtuhoj> Gl Gmt ti olgfho mortgblm`bhjrol ic @ghc-frooj cgebhbos ti milvoy t`obr hglj, ].E. 70;2 (:6 Sbmt.), m. 77
(@FHKG 70;2) mhgrbcboj t`gt milsolt ti t`o sgho wgs roqubroj crie t`o eit`or glj cgt`or bc
fit` woro hbvblk, crie t`o survbvblk pgrolt bc ilo wgs jomogsoj ir crie t`o spiuso bc t`o m`bhj
wgs egrrboj. Z`o 700= Gmt mhgrbcboj t`gt bhhokbtbegto m`bhjrol glj ulegrrboj irp`gls jbj lit
roqubro milsolt> Gl Gmt ti oxphgbl mortgbl pirtbils ic t`o @ghc-Frooj Hgljs Gmt,
].E. 700= (:3 & :; Sbmt.), m. 62.
00Gl Gmt rospomtblk Blcglts glj t`obr Ostgtos, ].E. 70;0 (:7 Sbmt.), m. ; QZ`o Blcglts Ostgtos GmtU QEglbtifgsGut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ?0U.
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Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 7007
;?. Bl 7007, t`o hokbshgturo pgssoj Gl Gmt rospomtblk @ghc-Frooj hgljs glj qubotblk mortgbl
tbthos t`oroti, ].E. 7007 (:: Sbmt. =rj ]oss.), m. 72 (Z`o Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 7007). Z`o
progefho ti t`bsGmt sots iut bts purpiso. Bt bljbmgtoj t`gt t`oro `gj fool g jbccorolmo ic ipblbilgs ti t`o pripor bltorprotgtbil glj occomt ic mortgbl stgtutos. Z`us t`o hokbshgturo stoppoj bl ti
mhgrbcy bts iwl stgtutos.
;3. Z`o milcusbil griso fomguso t`o @FHKTG, 70;=, w`bm` ghhiwoj gly miltrgmt oltoroj
blti fociro pgtolt ti fo vibjoj, `gj lit fool ropoghoj. Z`orociro, bt wgs ulmhogr w`ot`or
miltrgmts oltoroj blti gctor 70;; cir sghos bl gjvglmo ic romobpt ic t`o pgtolt woro fbljblk uljor
t`o @FHKG, 70;; ir vibjgfho uljor t`o @FHKTG, 70;=. Z`o egttor wgs jbsmussoj bl
]ut`orhglj v. Z`bfogujogu,02
;;. ]omtbil 7 ic Z`oWubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 7007 mhgrbcboj t`gt miltrgmts fy jooj egjo fociro ir
gctor pgtolt woro fbljblk. It`or bssuos joght wbt` bl t`oGmt blmhujoj t`o vghbjbty ic jimueolts
sbkloj wbt` g egra glj t`o rbk`t ic g egrrboj wiegl ti sohh wbt`iut `or `usfgljs milsolt.
]omtbil 0 egjo mhogr t`gt Z`o Wubotblk ZbthosGmt, 7007jbj lit tgao gwgy gly jbsgfbhbty ir . . .
provolt t`o iporgtbil ic gly mgusos sum` gs wiuhj blvghbjgto ir wiuhj `gvo blvghbjgtoj glymiltrgmt. Bl it`or wirjs, fbljblk miltrgmts miuhj fo egjo fy jooj fut t`oGmtjbj lit vghbjgto
miltrgmts t`gt woro it`orwbso blvghbj gt mieeil hgw.
wbt` M`boc Nustbmo [iij milmhujblk t`gt sghos fy jooj woro
fbljblk fut t`gt sghos fy priebso ir gkrooeolt gs sot iut bl t`o 70;=Gmtworo stbhh vibjgfho.
;0. Z`o gppohhglts grkuo gt pgrgkrgp` 70; ic t`obr cgmtue t`gt Z`o Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 7007
`gj t`o occomt ic kbvblk t`o purm`gsor t`o rbk`t ti romobvo t`o pgtolt crie t`o Mriwl. Z`o Gmt
jios lit spoga ti t`o bssuo ic t`o rbk`t ti romobvo t`o Mriwl pgtolt glj t`oro bs lit g s`roj ic
ovbjolmo t`gt bt wgs ovor bltorprotoj bl sum` g cgs`bil. Triporhy bltorprotoj, t`oGmt gjjrossoj
t`o miltrgmtugh rohgtbils`bp fotwool voljir glj purm`gsor glj `gj li gpphbmgtbil ti t`o cojorgh
Mriwl. Ovol bc t`o Gmt wgs mgpgfho ic t`o bltorprotgtbil t`gt t`o gppohhglts gssort, t`o
02]ut`orhglj v. Z`bfogujogu, (60 Egrm` 70;2), [bllbpok (Egl. W.F.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :0U.
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prosueptbil ic miephbglmo wbt` milstbtutbilgh gut`irbty wiuhj jbmtgto t`gt bt fo rogj jiwl si gs
ti fo bltrg vbros> V. v. EmAgy ot gh.,24V. v. ]`grpo.27
Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 700?
;2. Gl Gmt rohgtblk ti t`o Zbthos ic @ghc-Frooj Hgljs, ].E. 700? (:0 Sbmt.), m. =4
(Z`o Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 700?) wgs pgssoj il t`o sgeo jgy gs t`o hokbshgtbil t`gt bltrijumoj
t`o Zirrols systoe ti Eglbtifg. Bts ifnomtbvo wgs twicihj. Cbrst, gmmirjblk ti t`o Wuools
Folm` nurbsprujolmo crie t`o tbeo, bt muroj tom`lbmgh jocomts bl jimueoltgtbil bl rospomt ic
sghos t`gt tiia phgmo pursuglt ti g Wuools Folm` irjor, fut jbj lit vghbjgto trglsgmtbils t`gt
woro bl gly egllor bhhokgh ir vibj> soo Fgrfor v. Triujciit26 glj @grjy v. Josngrhgbs2=
Jomroos glj Irjors Gmt, 700:1 Tgyeolt ic ]omur btbos Gmt, 700?
jbsmussoj fohiw. ]omilj, bt kgvo ti t o rokbstrgr ic hglj tbthos t o rbk`t ti rohy il jimueolts
sum` gs fbrt` mortbcbmgtos glj egrrbgko mortbcbmgtos gs milmhusbvo priic ic t`o cgmts t`orobl stgtoj,
ght`iuk` t`oso jimueolts woro ilhyprbeg cgmboovbjolmo bl t`o ovolt ic hbtbkgtbil.
04.
Gl Gmt milmorlblk Jomroos glj Irjors il t`o Oqubty ]bjo ic t`o Miurt ic Wuools
Folm`, Eglbtifg, ].E. 700: (:; Sbmt.), m. 0 (Z`o Jomroos glj Irjors Gmt, 700:) wgs lit
spombcbm ti s. =7 hgljs. Bt wgs g kolorgh hgw t gt rokuhgrbzoj irjors ic t`o Wuools Folm` t`gt
woro bssuoj ir sbkloj fy vgrbius miurt iccbmbghs. Trosuegfhy t`oro `gj fool sieo milcusbil gs
ti primojuro glj t`bsGmtmhgrbcboj t`gt t`o irjors woro vghbj rokgrjhoss ic w`i bssuoj ir sbkloj
t`oe.
07.
Gl Gmt ti privbjo cir t`o pgyeolt ti @ghc-Froojs ic t`o geiults ti w`bm` t`oy gro
oltbthoj, glj w`bm` gro blvostoj bl somurbtbos w`bm` mgllit fo roghbzoj, ].E. 700? (:0 Sbmt.),
m. =: (Z`o Tgyeolt ic ]omurbtbos Gmt, 700?) gjjrossoj t`o cgmt t`gt eiloy w`bm` `gj fool pgbj
blti miurt glj blvostoj bl eirtkgkos il fo`ghc ic Etbs eblirs miuhj lit fo roghbzoj. Z`oGmt
24V. v.EmAgy ot gh., Q723?U ].M.V. ;20 gt 04=, 04: QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf =?U.27V. v. ]`grpo, Q6447U 7 ].M.V. :? gt ;? QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf =3U.26Fgrfor v. Triujciit (7002), Q7024-27U 7 [ostorl Hgw Zbeos 7:: (Egl. W.F) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B,Zgf 6U.2=@grjy v. Josngrhgbs(7026), 0 Egl. V. ??4 (W.F. ol fglm) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 73U.
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olsuroj t`gt t`o m`bhjrol romobvoj t`obr eiloy fy gut`irbzblk pgyeolt iut ic t`o privblmos
milsihbjgtoj rovoluo culj.
=. Glghysbs ic t`o Milstbtutbilghbty ic t`o Bepukloj ]tgtutos
=.7 M`gr gmtor bzblk t`o Hokbshgt bvo ]m`oeo
06.
Bt bs wohh ostgfhbs`oj t`gt t`o jotoreblgtbil ic t`o milstbtutbilghbty ic hokbshgtbil uljor
t`o jbvbsbil ic piwors fokbls wbt` gl glghysbs ic bts pbt` glj sufstglmo. Z`bs milmopt wgs
summblmthy oxphgbloj fy EmHgm`hbl M.N. bl Vocorolmo ro Gssbstoj @uegl Voprijumtbil Gmt2:gs
roqubrblk ilo ti gsa QwU`gt bl cgmt jios t`o hgw ji glj w`y9 2? Bt blvihvos milsbjorgtbil ic
fit` t`o purpiso glj occomt ic t`o hokbshgtbvo sm`oeo> soo ghsi Mglgjbgl [ostorl Fgla v.
Ghfortg23, M`gttornoo v. Iltgrbi (Gttirloy Kolorgh),
2;gljVocorolmo ro Cbrogres Gmt (Mgl.).
20
Turpiso
0=. Z`o purpiso ic t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgtbil mgl fo khogloj crie t`o wirjs ic t`o stgtutos
t`oesohvos. Zgaol tikot`or, t`oGmtsgmmiephbs`oj cbvo t`blks. Cbrst, t`oy jbromtoj t`gt t`o sgho
ic s. =7 bltorosts eust immur fy jooj uljor sogh gs ippisoj ti it`or hoss ciregh jimueolts sum`
gs priebsos, gkrooeolts ir eoeirgljg bl wrbtblk. ]omilj, t`oy ghtoroj t`o mieeil hgw fy
ghhiwblk bljbvbjughs fotwool t`o gkos ic obk`tool glj uljor twolty-ilo ti egao fbljblkmiltrgmts cir t`o sgho ic t`obr s. =7 bltorosts, privbjoj t`oro wgs pgroltgh ir spiusgh milsolt glj
nujbmbgh suporvbsbil. Z`brj, t`oy muroj tom`lbmgh jocomts bl Wuools Folm` irjors. Ciurt`, t`oy
olsuroj t`gt m`bhjrol w`i `gj sihj fy miurt irjor romobvoj t`o culjs t`gt `gj fool blvostoj il
t`obr fo`ghc glj cbct` t`oy ghhiwoj t`o rokbstrgr ic hglj tbthos ti rohy il rombtghs glj mortbcbmgtos cir
t`obr trut` prbir ti bssublk g Zirrols tbtho.
0:. [`y jbj t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo pgss sum` hgws9 Z`oso hgws woro pgssoj ti gjjross t`o
hokgh glj prgmtbmgh roghbty t`gt t`o rombpbolts ic t`o s. =7 krglts `gj cuhh mbvbh rbk`ts, blmhujblk t`o
2:Vocorolmo ro Gssbstoj @uegl Voprijumtbil Gmt, Q6474U = ].M.V. :?; QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf =2U.2?Bfbj. gt pgrg. 66.23Mglgjbgl [ostorl Fgla v. Ghfortg, Q644;U 6 ].M.V. = gt pgrgs. 6?-6; QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 2U.2;M`gttornoo v. Iltgrbi (Gttirloy Kolorgh), Q6442U 7 ].M.V. 36: gt pgrg. 73 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B,Zgf 74U.20
Vocorolmo ro Cbrogres Gmt (Mgl.),Q6444U 7 ].M.V. ;0= gt pgrgs. 73-70 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :4U.
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mieeil hgw rbk`t ti miltrgmt, glj t`gt egly ic t`o rombpbolts m`iso ti oxormbso t bs rbk`t. Bl t`o
gfsolmo ic t`o bepukloj privblmbgh hgws, gjuhts miuhj `gvo sihj oxgmthy gs t`oy jbj uljor t`o
bepukloj hgws, oxmopt por`gps wbt` sieow`gt hoss ciregh jimueoltgtbil. Bljbvbjughs ivor
obk`tool miuhj `gvo sihj fy t`obr pgrolts iftgblblk g miurt irjor uljor Z`o Blcglts Ostgtos Gmt,
ir fy g kbvblk g eirtkgko il t`obr pgrolts priporty gs somurbty gkgblst rosmbssbil, ir por`gps
t`riuk` sum` vo`bmhos gs g hilk-tore hogso wbt` gl iptbil ti purm`gso. Fut t`o sghos wiuhj `gvo
immurroj w`ot`or t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgturo m`iso ti stglj euto ir w`ot`or bt pgssoj t`o
hokbshgtbil liw uljor rovbow. Z`o purpiso, t`orociro, ic t`o hokbshgtbil wgs ti frblk sieo irjor,
sgcokugrjs glj jbromtbil ti t`oso sghos.
0?. [`y jbj poipho sohh9 Ic miurso, gt t`bs hgto jgto, ivor 7:4 yogrs gctor t`o cgmt, wo gro
hgrkohy hoct ti spomuhgto. Z`o roghbty, `iwovor, wgs t`gt egly cgebhbos romobvoj `uljrojs icgmros ic hglj gt g porbij bl `bstiry w`ol eist cgres `gj ilhy g cow gmros uljor muhtbvgtbil. G
typbmgh Etbs cgebhy iwloj twi ebhos ic hglj ghilk t`o rbvor, w`bm` wgs eiro t`gl oliuk` hglj
ti sottho ilos m`bhjrol glj por`gps krgljm`bhjrol.22 Z`o cgebhy ghsi romobvoj smrbp cir 734 gmros
cir ogm` ic t`o eit`or glj cgt`or. Egly cgebhbos romobvoj hglj ir smrbp ti miepolsgto cir t`o
`gy prbvbhoko. Bl gjjbtbil, ogm` m`bhj romobvoj g s. =7 krglt ic 6:4 gmros. Kbvol t`o typbmgh sbzo
ic cgebhbos bl t`o Voj Vbvor sotthoeolt, t`o s. =7 krglts ghilo wiuhj `gvo gpprigm`oj ir
oxmoojoj ilo t`iusglj gmros por cgebhy. Bt bs lit jbccbmuht ti surebso t`gt t`bs wgs sbklbcbmglthy
eiro hglj t`gl t`o typbmgh cgebhy roqubroj, rosuhtblk bl g strilk egraot bl surphus hglj. 744
03. Z`o ilhy jbromt ovbjolmo bl t`o romirj gs ti w`y poipho egy `gvo sihj bs ciulj bl twi
hottors himgtoj geilk t`o pgpors ic Troebor Lirqugy. Bl 7007, Nisop` Lirqugy (por`gps g
miusbl ic t`o Troebor) writo ti t`o Troebor gsablk `bs gssbstglmo bl sohhblk ilo ic `bs m`bhjrols
krglts. Z`o hglj wgs roltoj iut, fut Nisop` Lirqugy wbs`oj ti sohh bt fomguso `o wgs bl g hbttho
trufoh (sbm).
747
22Rvil Jueilt tostbcboj t`gt t`o rbvor hit iwloj fy `bs glmostir Tborro M`grtrglj wgs sufjbvbjoj fy `bs m`bhjrolcir t`obr uso glj roegbls bl t`o cgebhy ti t`o prosolt> Ovbjolmo crie t`o Oxges cir Jbsmivory gs rogj bl gt trbgh,Egy =7, 6443, Vospiljolts Vomirj, pp. ??-?2.
Bl 700:, t`o Troebors lbomo writo ti `or ulmho glj roquostoj gssbstglmo bl
sohhblk `or krglt fomguso s`o wbs`oj ti `ohp `or eit`or wbt` t`o eirtkgko pgyeolts si gs ti
744Vogsils ic t`o Miurt ic Gppogh, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BBB, p. 33, pgrg. 7:?1 Ox`bfbt ZO 70, GppohhgltsVomirj, Sih. PPSB, pp. 730, 732. Jr. Chglgkgl josmrbfos ilo cgebhy wbt` t`roo rbvor hits glj lblo m`bhjrol. Z`bscgebhy romobvoj 6,;?: gmros ic hglj glj $;4; bl smrbp.747Ox`bfbt 7-7?76, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PP, p. 7=6.
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somuro iur `ieo.746
0;. Eiroivor, miltrgry ti t`o gssortbil ic t`o gppohhglts bl t`obr cgmtue gt pgrgkrgp`s 706,
726 glj 66; t`gt t`o Eglbtifg hokbshgtbil wgs josbkloj ti cgmbhbtgto sghos, t`o roghbty wgs t`gt
sghos immurroj hilk fociro Eglbtifg pgssoj gly hokbshgtbil, glj t`us t`o looj cir t`o@FHKTG,
70;=. Curt`or, t`o stujy fy Jr. Ols, Ebkrgtbil glj Torsbstolmo ic t`o Voj Vbvor Etbs 70=?-
7024 s`iwoj t`gt t`o cbrst poga porbij ic Etbs ebkrgtbil glj rosuhtblk hglj sghos immurroj
fotwool 70;6-70;?, fociro gly ic t`o bepukloj Eglbtifg hokbshgtbil.
Z`oso twi hottors s`iw t`o vory `uegl rogsils t`gt poipho sihj. Z`oy
woro lit eitbvgtoj fy t`o johgy t`gt immurroj bl jbstrbfutblk t`o krglts ir fy rgmbse ir fy t`o
cgmt t`gt t`o krglts woro lit kbvol iut bl cgebhy fhimas. Z`oy sihj ti gssbst t`obr cgebhbos glj
fomguso t`o eiloy wgs eiro vghugfho ti t`oe gt t`o tbeo t`gl wgs t`o hglj.
74= Jr. Ols milmhujoj t`gt
t`bs wgvo ic ebkrgtbil wgs g culmtbil ic t`o m`glkblk Etbs cgebhy omiliey glj btsblvihvoeolt bl t`o fuccghi rifo trgjo.74: Curt`or, `o jotorebloj t`gt t`o fuyors ic t`o cgebhy
rbvor hits woro fit` Etbs glj lil-Etbs glj t`gt t`o twi hgrkost fuyors woro Cgt`or Vbtm`it glj
Fbs`ip Zgm`.74? Jr. Ols oxphgbloj t`o sbklbcbmglmo ic t`bs ovbjolmo gs cihhiws>743
Z`o piblt `oro bs lit ti pgblt Cgt`or Vbtm`it glj Fbs`ip Zgm` gsulsmrupuhius spomuhgtirs, fut ti uso t`obr `bk` vihueo fuyblk ic Etbsrbvor hits gs g wbljiw il t`o eitbvgtbils ic Etbs sohhors bl t`o porbij prbirti 70;?. Vbtm`it glj Zgm`, w`i woro bl t`o cirocrilt ic occirts ti aoop t`o
Etbs sotthoj bl Crolm` glj Mgt`ihbm olmhgvos wbt`bl Eglbtifg, wiuhj lit`gvo fool tryblk ti bljumo t`o Etbs ti sohh. Z`oy uljiuftojhy fiuk`tt`oso hits fomguso t`o Etbs woro kiblk ti sohh ilo wgy ir t`o it`or, gljt`oy kolorghhy fiuk`t t`o hgljs ti sohh ti it`or Crolm` Mgt`ihbms eivblkblti t`o privblmo. [`bho t`bs jios lit spoga ti t o eitbvgtbil ic t`o sohhors,t`o `bk` vihueo ic sghos bl ]t. Lirfort bl 70;=-;: mgllit fo oxphgbloj fyt`o johgys surriuljblk t`o M`bhjrols ghhiteolts. Bt eiro hbaohy roprosoltojt`o josbro ti eivo ti t`o Lirt`wost ti cihhiw t`o fuccghi, ir t`o looj tirgbso mgs` bl t`o `grj omiliebm tbeos ic t`o ogrhy 70;4s. Cgt`or Vbtm`itglj Zgm`, hbao it`or fuyors, rospiljoj ti ippirtulbtbos w`ol t`oro wgs gkhut ic hglj il t o egraot t`gt miuhj fo fiuk`t m`ogphy. Hbao it`or fuyors,
t`oy fiuk`t m`ogp glj sihj jogr.
746Ox`bfbt 7-7362, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPB, pp. 7?4, 7?7.74=Ox`bfbt ZO =?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBB, p. 766.74:Ox`bfbt ZO =?, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBB, p. 7=;.74?Ox`bfbt ZO =3, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBBB, p. 66.743Ox`bfbt ZO =3, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPSBBB, p. 6=.
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=7
00. Z`us, cgr crie cgmbhbtgtblk sghos, Eglbtifgs hokbshgtbil rospiljoj ti t`o simbgh roghbty
ic poipho egablk porsilgh glj vihultgry jombsbils bl t`o fost bltorosts ic t`oesohvos glj t`obr
cgebhbos. Z`o purpiso ic t`o hokbshgtbil wgs ti frblk irjor, sgcokugrjs glj jbromtbil ti t`o
miltrgmts glj miurt primoojblks t`gt woro usoj ti occomt sghos ic s. =7 bltorosts.
02. [`bho, wbt` `bljsbk`t, sieo egy tgao oxmoptbil ti pihbmbos t`gt porebttoj pgrolts ti
iftgbl miurt irjors il fo`ghc ic t`obr m`bhjrol ir t`gt porebttoj eblirs ti milsolt ti sghos gt t`o
gko ic obk`tool, sum` ipblbils gro, li jiuft, fgsoj il hbco oxporbolmos glj vghuos t`gt gro vory
jbccorolt crie t`iso ic t`o poipho gt Voj Vbvor. Eiroivor, crie g hokgh porspomtbvo, pihbmy
m`ibmos gro lit rohovglt ti g jotoreblgtbil ic milstbtutbilghbty. Gs t`bs Miurt ifsorvoj bl [ohhs
v. Lowciuljhglj>74;
Hokbshgturos gro sufnomt ti milstbtutbilgh roqubroeolts cir vghbj hgw-egablk,fut wbt`bl t`obr milstbtutbilgh fiuljgrbos, t`oy mgl ji gs t`oy soo cbt. Z`owbsjie glj vghuo ic hokbshgtbvo jombsbils gro sufnomt ilhy ti rovbow fy t`oohomtirgto.
Occomt
24. Z`o occomt ic t`o hokbshgtbil mgl fo sool fy glghyzblk t`o hglj tbthos cbhos rohgtblk ti t`o
trglsgmtbils ic t`o bljbvbjugh gppohhglts cirfogrors. Zwolty-t`roo trglsgmtbils blvihvblk t`o
blbtbgh sgho ic t`o s. =7 krglt woro glghyzoj.740 Z`o trglsgmtbils mivoroj g vgrboty ic sbtugtbils,
blmhujblk sghos fy gjuhts sum` gs Ebm`oh Hgvghho, gl glmostir ic t`o gppohhglt Viy M`grtrglj,
w`i wgs 63 yogrs ic gko w`ol `o sihj `bs hglj bl 70;; cir $7441 742 sghos fy eblirs wbt`
pgroltgh milsolt sum` gs ]grg` Mgrrboro, gl glmostir ic t`o gppohhglt Rvil Jueilt, w`i wgs 72
w`ol s`o sihj `or hglj bl 700= cir $76441 774
74;[ohhs v. Lowciuljhglj, Q722=U = ].M.V. 722 gt pgrg. ?2 QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf ?4U. ]oo ghsiVocorolmo ro Cbrogres Gmt (Mgl.),suprg gt pgrg. 6. QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :4U.
sghos fy egrrboj poipho wbt` spiusgh milsolt sum`
gs Tborro M`gfiyor, gl glmostir ic t`o gppohhglt Ojkgr Frumo, w`i wgs 70 w`ol `o sihj `bs hglj
740Vogsils ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BB, p. 33, pgrg. ;;6.742Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBS, p. 271 Ox`bfbt 7-76=7, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PSBBB, pp. 02-27.774Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBS, p. 7731 Ox`bfbt 7-4747, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. SB, p. ?7.
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=6
bl 700= cir $3441777 glj sghos fy miurt irjor sum` gs Jbjyeo Hgrolmo, gl glmostir ic t`o
gppohhglt Ojkgr Frumo, w`i wgs 73 w`ol `bs pgrolt sihj `bs hglj bl 7007 cir $7444. 776
27. Z`o hglj tbthos jimueolts s`iw joojs priporhy oxomutoj glj wbtlossoj, pgroltgh
milsolts, spiusgh milsolts glj mortbcbmgtbil fy nujbmbgh iccbmors. Wuools Folm` irjors glj
mortbcbmgtbils milcbreblk pgyeolt ic eiloy blti miurt woro ghsi himgtoj. Z`o jimueolts ghsi
s`iw t`gt t`o rokbstrgr ic hglj tbthos wgs rbkirius bl olsurblk miephbglmo wbt` ghh hgws, gt tbeos
roqubrblk jimueolts ti fo ro-oxomutoj bl irjor ti frblk t`oe blti miephbglmo wbt` privblmbgh
hokbshgtbil.
77=
26. Z`o hokbshgtbil, t`orociro, mhogrhy gccomtoj primoss glj t`o tom`lbmgh roqubroeolts cir
vghbj miltrgmts. Z`bs purpiso wgs milcbreoj fy t`o nurbsprujolmo t`gt bltorprotoj sieo ic t`oGmts. Z`o Wubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 700? wgs jbsmussoj fy t`o Eglbtifg Wuools Folm` QCuhh MiurtU
blFgrfor v. Triujciit.
77: Z`o phgbltbcc siuk`t ti sot gsbjo g sgho il t`o fgsbs t`gt t`oro `gj fool
lil-miephbglmo wbt` t`o tores ic g miurt-irjoroj sgho. Zgyhir M.N. milmhujoj t`gt>77?
Z`o ifnomt ic t`o stgtuto bs ti muro jocomts, brrokuhgrbtbos glj iebssbils blmillomtbil wbt` t`o jiblk ic sieot`blk gut`irbzoj fy t`o miurt ti fo jilo,lit ti vghbjgto primoojblks w`ihhy ulgut`irbzoj . . .
2=.
Bl @grjy v. Josngrhgbs,773 t`o jooj ic sgho wgs oxomutoj prbir ti t`o miurt irjor
gpprivblk bt. Z`o eiloy wgs lit pgbj blti miurt ultbh t`o hglj `gj fool rosihj gt g `bk`or prbmo.
Fgbl N. milmhujoj t`gt Z`oWubotblk Zbthos Gmt, 700?wgs lovor bltoljoj ti egao vghbj g sgho
t`gt, gt t`o tbeo bt purpirtoj ti `gvo fool egjo, wgs w`ihhy bhhokgh glj vibj.77;
2:. Vifblsil v. ]ut`orhglj
770
777Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBS, p. 3;1 Ox`bfbt 7-7?;:, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPB, pp. ?2, 34.
gjjrossoj sghos uljor t`o @FHKG, 70;0glj t`o geoljeolts
t`oroti. Bl t`gt mgso, t`o Etbs eblir ghhokoj t`gt `or cgt`or `gj cirmoj `or ti sohh `or hglj
776Ox`bfbt ZO 46, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. PPBS, p. 331 Ox`bfbt 7-7?7;, Sih. PP, pp. 7==-7=3.77=Vogsil ic t`o Zrbgh Nujko, Gppohhglts Vomirj, Sih. BB, p. 3;, pgrg. ;;: glj p. ;?, pgrg. 04:1 Ovbjolmo ic V.O.Jgvbjsil, Egy 62 glj =4, 6443, Vospiljolts Vomirj, pp. :2, ?7.77:Fgrfor v. Triujciit, suprgQEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 6U.77?Bfbj. gt 7:3.773@grjy v. Josngrhgbs, suprg QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. B, Zgf 73U.77;
Bfbj. gt ?;;.770Vifblsil v. ]ut`orhglj(702=), 2 Egl. V. 722 (W.F.) QEglbtifgs Gut`irbtbos, Sih. BB, Zgf :=U.
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==
miltrgry ti t`o wbs`os ic `or `usfglj. Fgbl N. milmhujoj t`gt fomguso t`o trglsgmtbil wgs
wbt`iut milsolt, t`o jimueolts sbkloj fy `or woro lit fbljblk . . .w`ol s`o mgeo ic gko glj
woro vibjgfho gt `or iptbil . . .772
2?. Z`o gppohhglts ropogtojhy gssort t`riuk`iut t`obr cgmtue t`gt t`o purpiso glj occomt ic
Eglbtifgs stgtutos wgs ti cgmbhbtgto t`o trglscor ic s. =7 hgljs blti lil-Etbs iwlors`bp. Ic
miurso, Eglbtifgs hokbshgtbil sgbj lit`blk gfiut t`o muhturgh bjoltbty ic t`o purm`gsor, w`i
mortgblhy miuhj `gvo fool, glj bl egly mgsos wgs Etbs. Fut, eiro sbklbcbmglthy, Eglbtifgs
hokbshgtbil jbj lit muro gly sufstgltbvo jocomts bl g miltrgmt sum` gs hgma ic milsolt, crguj ir
ebsroprosoltgtbil. Z`o hokbshgtbil wgs jbromtoj ti vihultgry trglsgmtbils fotwool wbhhblk sohhors
glj wbhhblk fuyors.
Bl it`or wirjs, t`o mieeil hgw rbk`t ti rosmblj miltbluoj ti
oxbst bc t`oro wgs lit truo milsolt il fo`ghc ic t`o eblir.
23. Bl sue, t`o pbt` glj sufstglmo ic t`o Eglbtifg stgtutos mgl fo priporhy m`grgmtorbzoj gs
sottblk iut t`o tom`lbmgh roqubroeolts cir t`o miephotbil ic g vghbj miltrgmt cir t`o sgho ic s. =7
bltorosts, cir murblk tom`lbmgh jocomts bl t`o bssublk ic Wuools Folm` irjors, cir olsurblk t`gt
m`bhjrol w