laminar solar desalination 081103

Laminar Solar Desalination

Passive Cellular Array Structures and Deployment

A Pictorial SummaryWorld View Water

Gordon Rogers

The PAIN: Water News – Abbreviated: 1 min 50 sec ago as of 5:44 AM PST, Nov 3 2008

• Colorado & water: the biggest questions are hardest to answer

• Drought may put strain on utilities; Central Basin district proposes allocation plan

• Drought land ‘will be abandoned’; Climate change will cause ‘economic deserts’ even in rich countries, warns UN environment chief

• Water utility to ask for rate hike: Township trustees say 30% jump will hurt neighborhoods

• Myanmar cyclone survivors face water shortage

In the late eighteen hundreds in Chile, this system is said to have produced 5,000

Gallons per day in 50,000 Square Feet.

The counter-current gradient exposure to the condensation surface assures significantly higher energy capture and water production

Cellular Element

Summary: The present invention provides a scalable means for the purification,

including desalination, of water by use of multiple layers of thin plastic. These layers would be convoluted into bubbles and manifolds forming

channels, thermal transfer interfaces and containment, as well as thermal isolation in contained gas volumes.

Layer Definitions

1) Layer above ‘2’ forms the outer dome. Provides thermal isolation.2)This Layer, above ‘3’ forms the inner dome and evaporative containment vessel. Is

thermally isolated from airflow above the system by external dome above it.3) Not a complete layer:, but above 4, constitutes the evaporative structure. Should be

porous water insoluble being of food-grade materials and capable of sustained temperatures approaching 100 degrees centigrade.

4) Layer above ‘5’ forms an elevated cup whose interior bottom is formed by the sheet two layers below and is additionally accessed by the end point of the spiral one layer below. The layer is otherwise in contact and seals with the layer below it. It should be non-porous, water insoluble and be of food-grade materials on its upper-surface and capable of sustained temperatures above 100 degrees centigrade.

5) Layer above ‘6’ is composed of a spiral channel of the same curvature as that below. Its spiral is principally contained by the spiral below except at its endpoints on the output end that terminate outside the thermal containment bubble created by layer below, and of the end closest to the center of the cell that terminates opening onto the bottom of the central cup.

6) Layer above ‘7’ forms the incoming channel by means of a spiral conduit where the layer is otherwise in contact with the layer above it forming seals around the perimeter of the spiral channel and in a central depression forming the floor of the cup two layers up. Feeds perforation with effluent process water slightly enriched in saline concentration.

7) Layer above ‘8’ forms the upper boundary of the tube described above. Should be sealed along the sides of the tube of Layer ‘6’. Forms sealed regions around the features on the next layer up to provide thermal isolation of those features. Is perforated into flat tube below. Lower surface is of food-grade materials.

8) Layer constitutes upper boundary of a wide but shallow tube and contains water flowing downhill on a slight grade to provide suction and seawater or process water to be purified for slightly saline enriched water to mix. The water should be at the lowest ambient temperature easily available.

9) Bottom layer constitutes Collection Channel for freshwater effluent to be routed for collection.

FreshWaterEffluent

Collection at

Controllable Temperature

Notional Representation of Relative Temperatures Dictating Heat Flow

45°C44°C15°C >>>

<<<

>>>

<<<

99°CLiquid

Solution in Evaporative

CupCommon to

Both Incoming

and Outgoing

Water

<<<

15°CSeawater

Targetand

SourceReservoir

Thermally Isolated System

>>> >>>

Laminar Plastic Interface

45°C

InterfaceLaminar Plastic

Water Vapor in Air Solutionat 99° CentigradeCondensation Evaporation

Heat

SU

N

16°C

CondensationCondensation

Outgoing Water Flow Spiral

Incoming Water Flow Spiral

Details of Spiral Incoming and Outgoing ChannelsDepicted above are the nested spiral layers forming the mechanism for the water’s thermal-transfer counter

current gradient flow. Water enters the outer loop of the upper spiral through a hole in the layer above it. The water then flows around the incoming spiral loops to enter the inner cup. The water level rises to cover the exit

channel’s opening. Warmed water of slightly increased salinity flows around the outgoing spiral loops, exchanging heat as the water moves in opposite directions, incoming water warming, outgoing water cooling,

until it changes course and exits the area under the upper domes, ending its thermal exchange cycle. The increased-salinity water then drains from the system.

Common Reservoir Contact

Section of Nested Spirals

Inter-Layer Registrations

Finite Element Analysis Progress

Early Testing

Model verification through thermographic testing will expand in its support of optimized production design

Early Prototyping

Surface Filling Views

And From Below

Long-term Permanent Installations Using Existing Structures…

Canal Cross Section

The Use of Existing Structures in Concert with the System Gives Great Flexibility and Economy to the Approach

Emergency and Provisional Installations

Dedicated Tanker Ships Will Require Independent Pipelines to Shore

Remote DeploymentThis system will be deployed in emergency circumstances anywhere in the world on short notice to remediate flooding, contamination of local sources, and provide marine desalination for local droughts

May be combined to form

The Implications for the use of conventional solar-electric energy for water production are profound. Efficiencies achieved by this direct solar

desalination method may approach 50:1 by area and more in cost!

Heated Water Storage Can be Used Directly on Production or Stored Overnight

Retrofit or Designed Buildings using the System

In Urban Areas by the sea, like ninety percent of the population

Co-location with Oil Platforms

Brackish Land-locked Systems

Various Feasible Orientations

Implications

• Current calculations suggest that Los Angeles’ 200,000,000 gallons per day would require approximately 19.6 sq miles for the 5 cm2 cells or 14.04 sq miles for the 1cm2 cells.

Milestones• Preliminary cellular design documented 3/05

• First Prototype executed 3/05

• First water produced 3/05

• Extended Computer assisted design effort initiated 5/05

• Favorable Patent search completed 06

• Detailed studies of cell and array operational physics and design space

• Provisional Patent Filing 07

• worldviewwater.com goes online ‘07

• Contacted Business Development Manager of Flextronics, equipment manufacturer for Design for Manufacturability ‘07

• City of San Antonio Water System Expression of Interest Presented ‘07

• Commitment for DFM study and extended prototype systems

• US and Patent Cooperative Treaty Priority (PCT) Utility Patent Filed February, ‘08

• Protected Intellectual property valuation ‘08-‘09

• In-Country Patent Application filings under PCT‘08-‘09

• Low Rate Initial Production ‘09

• Break Even ‘10

• Ramp to Production

US and PCT Patent Files

• 12036250

• PCT/US/08/54925

PCT Filing Calendar

• Under Construction

Market Study Eye-chart: 31 segments identified

Click Segment for Detail

Target PopulationMarket Size/ Persons

ServedPercent Market

CaptureEstimated Revenue

per Unit

Market Value

SubtotalPercent

AvailableCurrent Value

USD

MunicipalLarge Scale Municipal -

Developed Areas

This opportunity focuses on large-scale municipal applications for the PCDA. This entail contracts with customers including water districts such as DWP of Los Angeles and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Water Project of Northern California. Such applications would involve very large linked-PCDAs integrated with existing supply and control infrastructures. Very-large systems would be implemented to provide sustainable potable water supplies, replenish depleted aquifers for public consumption.

United States, Germany, India, Belgium, France, China, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, South Africa, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Austria, Australia, Russian Federation, Morocco, Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Singapore, Switzerland, Turkey, Slovakia, Philippines, Israel, United Arab Emirates

4,418,261,000 people NOT DETERMINED

Par = 2 projects @ $50 million over ten years = $100,000,000

100,000,000

Large Scale Municipal -

Undeveloped or Developing Areas

This opportunity focuses on large-scale municipal applications for the PCDA. This segment is identified as unique to undeveloped and developing areas.

Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Ghana, Bangladesh, Kenya, Nepal, Ethiopia, Niger, Togo, Burkina Faso, Viet Nam, Benin, Guinea, Chad, Madagascar, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Burundi, Gambia, Cambodia, Central African Rep, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Rwanda, Tadjikistan, Liberia, Bhutan, Comoros

728,616,000 people NOT DETERMINED

NOT DETERMINED NOT DETERMINED

Southern California Water Area

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA with existing and planned public infrastructure. Add to freshwater capacity and for public consumption. Implement through local water authorities. Agricultural water conservation, urban water conservation and water recycling applications funded under state grants.

State of California $470,000,000 at 76 projects = $6,184,210

avg. ea. project

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 10 projects @ $15 million over ten years = $150,000,000

150,000,000

San Joaquin Delta Project

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA with existing and planned public infrastructure. Replenish depleted aquifers. Add to freshwater capacity and for public consumption. Agricultural water conservation, urban water conservation and water recycling applications funded under state grants.

State of California $111,324,000. at 124 projects = $897,774

avg. ea. Project

NOT DETERMINED


Santa Barbara City Project

This opportunity focuses on coupling PCDA with existing source and supply pipelines. Facilities previously dedicated for a defunct reverse osmosis system would be utilized.

City of Santa Barbara $104,000 Public Works Special Projects

Funding

NOT DETERMINED


IndustrialIndustrial Waste Stream Scrubber

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who need to recycle process waters and to separate hazardous impurities from effluent. The PCDA would be integrated with waste stream separation processes and replace less efficient and more costly components of these processes.

DEVELOPMENT NOT DETERMINED

Par = 20 projects @ $400,000 over ten years = $8,000,000

8,000,000

Industrial Water Pre-Treatment

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who require fresh water for processing operations.



8,000,000

Bottled/Packaged Water Producers

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who produce water based products (not including agricultural markets).

USA, Mexico, China, Brazil, Italy, Germany, France, Indonesia, Spain, India

154,300,000,000 liters/year and

$10,980,000,000. per year

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 8 projects @ $1,500,000 over ten years = $12,000,000

12,000,000

Sea DeploymentLarge Scale

Platform, ShipboardThis opportunity focuses on shipboard applications for freshwater harvesting and for stationary platform freshwater sources.


Par = 5 projects @ $1,500,000 over ten years = $7,500,000

7,500,000

Portable/SpecialtyWilderness Sports

UnitThis opportunity focuses on a small (hand-carried) configuration of the PCDA suitable for remote location temporary or permanent installations.

United States 98,682,000 fishermen, campers, hunters

applicable

0.1 150 14,802,300

Marine Pleasure Craft Unit

This opportunity focuses on pleasure marine accessories market. The PCDA would be included in or supplement existing first aid or survival kits carried on-board private pleasure craft.

United States 6,900,000 Recreational Boats Appropriate for

Kit

0.1 450 3,105,000

Garden Greenhouse Kit

This opportunity focuses on a garden kit distributed by major retailers. Providing greenhouse and shade space.

United States $13,000,000,000. dollars/year flower,

landscaping, container gardening

0.1 1200 30,240,000

Emergency ProvisionalHome Safety Kit This opportunity focuses on a home safety kit

distributed by major retailers. Providing filtering of water and purification during disruption of supply.

United States $33,954,344,000. Misc. Home Supplies/Year

0.1 75 5,400,000

Disaster Area Response

This opportunity focuses on medium scale portable systems suitable for airlift delivery, container ship, and/or delivered by truck. The customers are government and charitable humanitarian or emergency disaster relief organizations.

United States Drinking Water $2,000,000 Each Large

Hurricane

NOT DETERMINED


2,500,000

ResidentialCommercial

Residential and Developers

This opportunity focuses commercial properties, public buildings, government buildings and commercial residential properties. The PCDA would be integrated into the building’s primary water supply for initial treatment form marine or tainted ground sources as well as gray water waste stream to remove impurities for recycling to fresh water. Array panels are added to exterior walls, as decorative panels, to form awnings, roofs or fascia or can be integrated into the structure by architects for new structures.

Japan, Italy, Poland, Barbados, Netherlands, Hungary, United Arab Emirates, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, Mexico, Switzerland, Malta, Lithuania, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Denmark, Latvia, Oman, Ireland, United States, etc.

1,068,075,000 people affected

NOT DETERMINED


7,500,000

Private Residential and Homeowners

This opportunity focuses on the home improvement green movement market comprised of private homeowners. Whether through an installation contractor or as a do it yourself project, these customers would integrate PCDA panels into the building’s gray water waste stream to remove impurities for recycling to fresh water. Array panels are added to exterior walls, as decorative panels, to form awnings or can be integrated into the structure by architects. Distributed through leading building and lumber stores.

United States 72,000,000 homeowner buyers of improvement

materials

0.01 1200 21,600,000

AgriculturalLarge Agricultural

Producers This opportunity focuses on large scale PCDA systems, for close to medium proximity to saltwater, which supplies fresh water for open air agriculture and food production.

China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Japan, Mexico, Germany, Philippines, Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, France, United Kingdom, Italy, South Africa, Ukraine, Colombia, Spain, Poland, Argentina, Algeria, Morocco, Peru, Venezuela, Malaysia, etc.

5,013,469,000 people affected

NOT DETERMINED


9,000,000

Commercial Greenhouses

This opportunity focuses on PCDA systems configured with greenhouses. So configured, as a partial fill-factor, the PCDA provides insulation, shade and fresh water.

United States $12,115,000,000. dollars annual product

NOT DETERMINED


2,500,000

Run-Off Scrubber This opportunity focuses on runoff cleanup and removal of salt buildup.


Par = 10 projects @ $50,000 over ten years = $500,000

500,000

Large Scale Wetlands

Restoration

Restoration of wetland ecosystems has been indicated as a primary means of stabilizing desertification in areas with historically high rainfall.


Par = 1 project @ $50,000,000 over ten years = $50,000,000

50,000,000

Atmospheric CO2 Scrubbing

Integrated Scrubber Systems

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA-supplied agriculture in greenhouse or open air applications primarily intended to increase green area CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Integrated systems operating as greenhouses would also be capable of scrubbing CO2 from urban air streams or industrial processing exhaust when coupled to the gas production waste stream. Both approaches allow for food and excess water production for human or livestock consumption.



5,000,000

Large Scale Scrubber

Large-scale weather impacts of ocean surface installations is anticipated to form an increasing role in system deployment planning


Par = 0.3 projects @ $50,000,000 over ten years = $15,000,000

15,000,000

Fresh Water Recovery for Impoverished Families and

VillagesPoverty and Disease

Relief KitThis opportunity focuses on development of personal or small village adaptation of the PCDA for impoverished people where humanitarian activities exist in relief-packaged bundles. The adapted version of the PCDA would be portable by small truck (potentially could include a smaller backpack-portable personal configuration) allowing its use in remote areas. Since the PCDA has no moving parts and requires no other energy aside from sunlight, its use by people without facilities or technical training is feasible. The PCDA may be readily integrated as a component of relief packages currently in humanitarian distribution.

China, India, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Dem Rep of the Congo, Brazil, Afghanistan, U. Rep of Tanzania, Pakistan, Kenya, Viet Nam, Philippines, Myanmar, Sudan, Madagascar, Romania, Cambodia, Niger, Angola, Yemen, etc.

1,017,844,780 people without water who we

can reach!

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 50,000,000 people @ $0.003/day beginning at year 5 = $54,750,000 per year x 5 years = $273,750,000 at year 10

273,750,000

Conservatively exceeds $750 M

laminar solar desalination 081103

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