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www.westbasin.org West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination Diane Gatza Desalination Project Engineer March 4 th , 2015 1

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Page 1: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

West Basin’s Ocean Water

Desalination Program

Present and Future of

Ocean Water Desalination

Diane Gatza Desalination Project Engineer

March 4th, 2015

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Page 2: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

West Basin Leadership

• Five person Board of elected Directors – Division I Harold C. Williams – Division II Gloria D. Gray – Division III Carol W. Kwan – Division IV Scott Houston – Division V Donald L. Dear

• Director Gray is the current President • Elected to four year term by the people

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Page 3: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

West Basin Service Area

~900,000 people 17 cities 185 square miles

Page 4: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

West Basin Water Supply Portfolio

Ground Water

1947

Page 5: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Imported Water Groundwater

West Basin Water Supply Portfolio

1990

Page 6: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Imported Water Groundwater

Recycled Water

Conservation

West Basin Water Supply Portfolio

2015

Page 7: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Imported Water Groundwater

Recycled Water

Conservation

Ocean Water Desal

West Basin Water Supply Portfolio

2020

Page 8: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

• By 2020, shift local supply from 33% to 66%

• Avoid water supply fluctuations caused by: – Environment – Weather – Natural disasters – Competing interests

2x

20 MGD

2x

25

Page 9: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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5

4

3

2

Tertiary Water

Reverse Osmosis: Double Pass

Reverse Osmosis: Single Pass

Nitrified Water

Indirect Potable Reuse: Barrier Water

Designer Waters

Page 10: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Conservation

Commercial & Industrial

Commercial Restroom – Retrofit

Cash 4 Kitchens Recirc & Save

Ocean-Safe Car Wash Landscape

Turf Removal Surveys

Controller Installations Ocean Friendly Demo

Gardens

Toilet Distributions Ocean Friendly Classes

Landscape Surveys Smart Controllers &

Rebates Sprinkler Nozzles

Residential

Page 11: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Poor Start To WY 2013

Page 12: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Conditions Are Better This Year

Page 13: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org January 2014

Page 14: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org January 2015

Page 15: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Desalination Objectives and Steps

• Improve reliability • Reduce dependence on imported water • Diversify water supply portfolio • New source of local potable water

3. Comprehensive Planning

2. Demonstration Project (2010 – Present)

1. Piloting (8 Years)

1

2

Page 16: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Responsible Desalination

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• Economics

• Energy Efficiency

• Education

• Environment

Page 17: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Economics

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Page 18: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

1947 1990 2000 2011

30x 10x 2x 1.8x

2020

~1.5x

Economics Desal Costs vs. Imported Costs

Page 19: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

IPR Recycled

WB

$1,531 A/F

Desal

$1,887 A/F

20 MGD

Desal

$1,579 A/F

60 MGD

Economies of Scale Desal Costs vs. Recycled Water Cost (West Basin)

Page 20: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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• Water Energy Nexus • Thermal desal • Micro-grid approach • Regional desalination planning

Economic Research Opportunities Future Alternatives

Page 21: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Energy Efficiency

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Page 22: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Energy Consumption

Reverse Osmosis With ERI Energy Recovery Device

Permeate 1 MGD

1 MGD

883 psi

1 MGD 25 psi

903 psi

1 MGD 2 MGD Feed Water 2 MGD

25 psi

1 MGD

1 MGD

25 psi

1 MGD

857 psi Concentrate

Page 23: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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RO Process: •ERI 43% less energy than no energy recovery

•ERI 12% less energy than a pelton wheel

Total Facility: •ERI 35% less energy than no energy recovery

•ERI 9% less energy than a pelton wheel

Energy Consumption

Page 24: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Energy Assessments • Nano H2O membrane testing

– Based on water quality objectives there is no energy or $ savings for West Basin case

• Optimized operating parameters – Red tide events – High wind and turbidity events

• Hybrid RO membrane approach • Conceptually evaluating thermal distillation

Page 25: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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• Forward Osmosis • Pressure Retarded Reverse Osmosis (RO-PRO) • Renewable Energy

• Wave Energy

Energy Research Opportunities Future Alternatives

Page 26: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Environment

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Page 27: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Desal Pilot Facility (2002-2009)

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Page 28: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Pilot Conclusions • Demonstrated performance through

seasonal variations of water quality • Determined MF/UF is a viable

pretreatment to RO • No process challenges due to

– Hyperion Effluent – Storm water – Red Tide

• Developed design criteria for Demonstration Facility

• Identified environmental impacts as a research need

Page 29: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Desal Demonstration Facility (2010-2014)

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• Certify Processes at a Full-Scale Level • Process Optimization • Energy Minimization • Regulatory Compliance • Water Quality Assessment

• Distribution Integration • Environmental protection • Policy Development • Research Facility

Page 30: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Demonstration Facility Process

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Page 31: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Environment Intake

• Impingement • Based on velocity

• 0.5 ft/s • Entrainment

• Organism size dependent • Large species • Adult and juvenile marine life • Larval stage

Page 32: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Impingement and Entrainment

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• Impingement - Velocity • Entrainment - Size 1. How to quantify larval entrainment impacts? 2. Do screening technologies provide marine protection?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 1.3: Shadowgraph of turbulent velocity fluctuations (eddies) in a dense (stratified) turbulent jet, revealing size of Komogorov turbulent mixing lengths; (from Schlichting and Gersten, 1999).
Page 33: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Larvae in Sample Area

(v1)

Ocean Current Flow

Larvae Entrained

(v2)

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Intake Effects Assessment Study

Page 34: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Intake Effects Assessment Study

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Page 35: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

www.westbasin.org

Wedge Wire Screening • Wedge wire screens DO reduce entrainment

– Screen out large and adult marine life – Screen out mature larvae that is most likely to make it

to a reproductive adult stage – Smaller intake size = fewer number of days a species

has the ability to be entrained

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Age (days)

Head Capsule

Size (mm)

2.00

1.00 Distance (m)

2.00 mm

Page 36: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Environment Discharge

• Ambient ocean concentration is doubled (ie 50% recovery) • Could be toxic? • Increasing concentrations for other constituents

• Discharge is denser than ambient seawater • Tendency to settle on the ocean floor • Impact to benthic organisms

• Long Term Effects • Best Available Technology –Diffuser Entrainment

• Diffusers? • Dilution?

Ocean Surface

Concentrate Flow

Brine Plume

Page 37: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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• Assess brine impacts on marine organisms • Short Term Study • Long Term Study • Acute and Chronic Toxicities

• Survival • Growth, weight, behavior, etc.

High Salinity Sensitivity Study

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Page 38: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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EPISODE 1

33, 42, 51, 60, 70 PPT

EPISODE 2

33, 36, 39, 41, 45, 50 PPT

EPISODE 3

33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 60 PPT

High Salinity Sensitivity Study

Page 39: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

High Salinity Sensitivity Study Short Term Research

• Life stages • Invertebrates: Adult

• Exposure Duration • 72 hours – 7 days

• Endpoints • Survival • Acute Effects

Page 40: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

High Salinity Sensitivity Study Long-Term Study

• Life stages • Fish: Juvenile • Invertebrates: Adult

• Exposure Duration • Two weeks at each salinity • 3 days at ambient in between

• Endpoints • Survival • Growth of two fish species

• Sanddabs • Sea bass

Page 41: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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1. Species with highest exposure risk, e.g. bottom dwellers, are least sensitive 2. No observable effects for 24 hours - 7 days at 42.5 parts per thousand (ppt),

average ambient salinity is 33 ppt 3. Scientific EPA endorsed study

Conclusions Short Term Research (lab)

1. West Basin first to perform this innovative study 2. Food dispersion between species important 3. Same life-stage organisms for each trial 4. All species tolerant to salinities up to 42.5 ppt 5. Site specific species (demersal and pelagic fish) tolerant to highest salinity

tested at 47.5 ppt

Long Term Research (aquarium)

Page 42: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Brine Diffuser Entrainment Study

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Page 43: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Brine Diffuser Entrainment Study

Page 44: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Completed Research

• Harmful Algal Bloom and Marine Biotoxin Study- DWR

• Pilot Facility Final Report – West Basin

• High Salinity Sensitivity Study– West Basin

• Brine Diffuser Entrainment Study – West Basin

• Intake Effects Assessment Study– West Basin

• Water Quality Integration Study– West Basin/ MWD

• Desalination Energy Intensity – West Basin

• Energy Consumption Modeling Study – Water

Research Foundation

Page 45: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Ongoing/Upcoming Research • Energy Reducing Technologies Study - WateReuse

• Habitat Value Assessment – West Basin

• Intake Bio-fouling and Corrosion Study – MWD

• Subsurface Intake Study – USBR

• IM&E Mitigation Development Grant – WateReuse

• Desalination Concentrate Disposal – PAC Participant

Page 46: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Education

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Page 47: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Education Public Outreach

• Stakeholder briefings to local, state

and federal elected officials

• Free public tours

• Presentations and tours to civic

groups

• “Seeing is believing” positive

reactions and recognize need for

desalination

Page 48: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Education Public Outreach

Page 49: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Education Public Outreach

Page 50: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

Desalination Policy in the State of California

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• State of desal • 3 operating plants • 1 plant under construction (Carlsbad) • 1 near-term desal construction project (Santa Barbara) • Numerous pilot and demonstration facilities

• 25+ Permits to build an ocean water desalination facility • Lengthy permitting process • Currently no desalination policy exists in the State of California

• Once Through Cooling (OTC) Policy • State Water Resources Control Board

• California Ocean Plan • Amendment Process

• 2011- Present • Expert Panels • Stakeholder Outreach • Circulated an initial draft policy in August 2014 • Final draft to be coming out March 2015

• Policy Framework • Intake Technologies (subsurface and wedge wire) • Discharge zone of initial dilution

Page 51: Ocean Water Desalination - California State University ... Water Desalination... · West Basin’s Ocean Water Desalination Program Present and Future of Ocean Water Desalination

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Thank You

Diane Gatza [email protected]

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