lacerations
TRANSCRIPT
Comfort in pediatric minor proceduresPain free laceration repair for Esteban and Elsa
EVELYNE D. TROTTIER, MD FRCPC PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY, CHU STE JUSTINEREVIEW BY: DR JOCELYN GRAVEL, MD, MSC, FRCPC, CHU STE JUSTINE, QCDR MATTHIEU VINCENT, MD FRCPC, HÔPITAL CHARLES-LEMOYNE, QCDR SIM GREWAL, MD FRCPC, BC CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, BCDR SAMINA ALI, MD FRCPC, STOLLERY CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, AB
NO CONFLICT March 2016
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Objectives
Laceration repair in the ED Importance of non pharmacologic intervention Importance of topical anesthetics Effectiveness of tissue adhesives Indication for absorbable sutures Indication for procedural sedation and analgesia
Case 1: Esteban, 2 yo, meets the coffee table corner…
www.mja.com.au
Esteban’s facial laceration: Evaluation
Exclude other injuries Exclude foreign body Confirm adequate immunization Baseline interventions: ‘‘The Essentials’’
Distraction + Positioning Topical anesthetics Glue/skin adhesives Generally, no sedation for simple laceration
Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide: Lacerationswww.childrensmn.org/services/care-specialities-deparments/pain-program/childrens-comfort-promise/
Tetanus prophylaxis
www.urgencehsj.ca/referentiels/plaies-prophylaxie-antitetanique-2-mois-6-ans/www.urgencehsj.ca/referentiels/plaies-prophylaxie-antitetanique-7-ans-et-plus/
Fein Pediatrics 2012Sinha Pediatrics 2006Young MJA 2005Ha Int J Nurs Pract 2013
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Gain their trust!
Esteban’s Laceration: The Essentials
Keep child in contact with his/her parent Be flexible and creative
Preparation: Explain in a manner appropriate for the child’s age Be at their eye level Do not lie: ‘‘It’s not going to hurt…’’ Avoid the term ‘‘pain’’
Use distraction Childlife specialist, if available
Esteban’s facial laceration: Topical Anesthetics-LET gel
LET Gel: Lidocaine 4% Epinephrine 0.1% Tetracaine 0.5% From triage (AAP recommendation)
Application: 30 min in wound
LET Gel superior to LET liquid
Dose AAP 3mL if >17kg, 0.175 mL/kg if < 17 kg
Sherman PEC 2014Harman CMAJ 2013Fein Pediatrics 2012Nicks IJEM 2010Godin Md Qc 2006www.rch.org.au: lacerationwww.urgencehsj.ca
Indications:Laceration < 5cm Laceration will require sutures Reduces discomfort while cleaning the wound Helps to achieve wound hemostasis prior to glue
Sherman PEC 2014Harman CMAJ 2013Fein Pediatrics 2012Nicks IJEM 2010Godin Md Qc 2006www.urgencehsj.ca
Esteban’s facial laceration: Topical Anesthetics-LET gel
Contraindications: ≤ 3 months Allergy Laceration is on a mucosal surface Large wound Contaminated wound Precaution on extremities such as nose or ears High BP, peripheral vascular disease Sherman PEC 2014
Harman CMAJ 2013Fein Pediatrics 2012Nicks IJEM 2010Godin Md Qc 2006White PEC 2004www.urgencehsj.ca
Esteban’s facial laceration: Topical Anesthetics-LET gel
Glue (-cyanoacrylate) Excellent esthetic outcome Similar to sutures
Farion Cochrane 2009 (Review of 2002)Singer AJEM 2008Beam, JAT 2008Godin Md Qc 2006Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide
Esteban’s facial laceration:Glue/tissue adhesives
Butylcyanoacrylate Octylcyanoacrylate
Esteban’s facial laceration:Glue/tissue adhesives
Small increased rate of dehiscence ↑ strength with steristrips and benjoin
For patients: Less discomfort, no removal needed
For Clinician: Easy to use, faster, no needle Apply on dried wound edges brought together Avoid glue in the wound= act as a foreign body
Singer AJEM 2008
Farion Cochrane 2009 (Review of 2002)Singer AJEM 2008Beam, JAT 2008Godin Md Qc 2006Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide
Indications ≤ 5 cm Clean Straight, low tension Hemostasis achieved Extreme care if around the eyes
Farion Cochrane 2009Singer AJEM 2008Beam, JAT 2008Godin Md Qc 2006Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide
Esteban’s facial laceration:Glue/tissue adhesives
Contraindications Allergy Mucosal surfaces Contaminated wound, infected, bites or delay in closure Tension, articulation Active bleeding
Singer AJEM 2008Beam, JAT 2008Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide
Esteban’s facial laceration:Glue/tissue adhesives
Esteban, ready to go
www.mja.com.au
Case 2: Elsa, 4 yo, meets the door corner…
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Elsa’s deep laceration: Evaluation
Exclude others injuries Exclude foreign body Confirm adequate immunization Baseline interventions: ‘‘The Essentials’’
Distraction + Positioning Topical anesthetics Absorbable sutures Might require procedural sedation and analgesia
Young MJA 2005www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide: Lacerationswww.childrensmn.org/services/care-specialities-deparments/pain-program/childrens-comfort-promise/
Fein Pediatrics 2012Young MJA 2005
Elsa’s deep laceration: The Essentials
For sutures… Keep child in contact with his/her parent Preparation Distraction, Childlife specialist Systemic analgesic
Simple analgesics Opiate ± PSA may be require: Eg Nitrous, IN Fenta/midaz
Gain their trust!
Elsa’s deep laceration: Local anesthetic- LET, lidocaine 1%
LET gel Often is enough to reach adequate analgesia for suturing
Lidocaine 1% ± adrenaline, infiltrated in woundIndications Complement to LET gel As first line if urgent repair required
Fein Pediatrics 2012Nicks IJEM 2010Cepeda Cochrane 2010Godin Md Qc 2006www.urgencehsj.ca
Elsa’s deep laceration: Local anesthetic- LET, lidocaine 1%
Lidocaine 1% ± adrenaline, infiltrated in woundContraindications Allergy
Maximal doses With adrenaline: 7mg/kg (lidocaine 1%: 10mg/mL then 0.7 mL/kg max) Without adrenaline: 4.5mg/kg (lidocaine 1%: 10mg/mL then 0.5mL/kg max)
Fein Pediatrics 2012Nicks IJEM 2010Cepeda Cochrane 2010Godin Md Qc 2006www.urgencehsj.ca
Lidocaine 1%- Pain at injection reduced if: After LET gel (or EMLA) Addition of bicarbonate (v. important if lido w adrenaline = very acidic)
Add bic 8.4% to lidocaine 1% ± adrenaline with a 1:10 proportion Withdraw 1mL of bicarbonate 8.4%, add 10mL of lidocaine 1% ± adrenaline
for a total of 11mL solution Warm solution to body temperature (rub vial between hands) Slow injection Needle 27-30 g Within the wound
Elsa’s deep laceration: Local anesthetic- LET, lidocaine 1%
Fein Pediatrics 2012Frank Can J Plas Surg 2012Hogan An Emerg med 2011Nicks IJEM 2010Cepeda Cochrane 2010Godin Md Qc 2006www.urgencehsj.ca
Absorbable Sutures Indications Always prioritize absorbable sutures in pediatric patients
Be careful if Articulations Under tension
Luck PEC 2008 and 2013Al Abdullah PEC 2007Godin Md Qc 2006Karounis Acad Emerg Md 2004www.urgencehsj.ca
Elsa’s deep laceration: Suturing
Elsa, Vers un nouveau départ
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www.urgencehsj.caBASELINE INTERVENTIONS: THE ESSENTIALS -KEEP CHILD IN CONTACT WITH PARENT-PREPARATION AND DISTRACTION-LET GEL FROM TRIAGE-GLUE!-IF IMPOSSIBLE: -ABSORBABLE SUTURES ±LIDOCAINE 1% WITH BICARBONATE ±SYSTEMIC ANALGESICS ±PSA
Comfort in pediatric minor proceduresPain free laceration repair for Esteban and Elsa