labor relations azucena vols1 2

8/13/2019 Labor Relations Azucena Vols1 2

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LABOR RELATIONSBOOK FIVE

LABOR RELATIONS

Title IPOLICY AND DEFINITIONS

Chapter IPOLICY

Art. 211. Declaratio o! Polic".A. It is the policy of the State:

a. To promote and emphasize the primacy offree collective ar!ainin! and ne!otiations"incl#din! vol#ntary ar itration" mediationand conciliation" as modes of settlin! la oror ind#strial disp#tes$

. To promote free trade #nionism as aninstr#ment for the enhancement ofdemocracy and the promotion of social

%#stice and development$ c. To foster the free and vol#ntaryor!anization of a stron! and #nited la ormovement$ d. To promote the enli!htenment of &or'ersconcernin! their ri!hts and o li!ations as#nion mem ers and as employees$ e. To provide an ade(#ate administrativemachinery for the e)peditio#s settlement ofla or or ind#strial disp#tes$ f. To ens#re a sta le #t dynamic and %#st

ind#strial peace$ and !. To ens#re the participation of &or'ers indecision and policy*ma'in! processesaffectin! their ri!hts" d#ties and &elfare.

B. To enco#ra!e a tr#ly democratic method ofre!#latin! the relations et&een the employers andemployees y means of a!reements freely enteredinto thro#!h collective ar!ainin!" no co#rt oradministrative a!ency or official shall have the po&erto set or fi) &a!es" rates of pay" ho#rs of &or' orother terms and conditions of employment" e)ceptas other&ise provided #nder this +ode. ,Asamended y Section -" Rep# lic Act No. /01"2arch 30" 04546

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1. OVERVIE# AND VIE#POINT

8La or Standards9 refers to the minim#m terms andconditions of employment &hich employees arele!ally entitled to and employers m#st comply &ith.

8La or Relations9 refers to the interactions et&eenemployer and employees or their representativesand the mechanism y &hich the standards andother terms and conditions of employment arene!otiated" ad%#sted and enforced.

The !overnment la or relations policy is declared inArt. 300 &hich is a foc#sed ela oration of the asicla or policy anno#nced in Art.- &hich" in t#rn"echoes the constit#tional mandates. The policyintends to attain social %#stice thro#!h ind#strialpeace and pro!ress. The latter is fo#nded onemployee participation and collective interactions

et&een employer and employees. In 2ana!ementparlance" the inp#t is the parties ri!hts and d#ties"the process is &or'er s or!anization and collective

ar!ainin!" and the o#tp#t is ind#strial peace andpro!ress to&ards social %#stice as the end !oal.

;or' stoppa!e


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LABOR RELATIONS

A la or or trade #nion is a com ination of &or'menor!anized for the #ltimate p#rpose of sec#rin!thro#!h #nited action the most favo#ra le conditionsas re!ards &a!es" ho#rs of la or" conditions ofemployment" etc." for its mem ers.

In the pop#lar sense a la or #nion is #nderstood toe a completely or!anized ody of d#es*payin!

mem ers" operatin! thro#!h elected officers andconstit#tin! a militant" vital and f#nctionin! or!an. Itmay e said that &hile every la or #nion is a la oror!anization" not every la or or!anization is a la or#nion. The difference is one of or!anization"composition and operation.

'. #(Y #ORKERS OR%ANI&E

Self*help thro#!h economic action necessarilyre(#ires increasin! the ar!ainin! po&er ofemployees$ hence one of the asic p#rposes of ala or #nion is to eliminate competition amon!employees in the la or mar'et.

Three other h#man desires sho#ld e noted amon!the forces that led &or'ers to or!anize:

,06 One is the desire for %o sec#rity.

,36 Employees &ished to s# stit#te &hat &e sho#ldterm 8the r#le of la&9 for the ar itrary and oftencapricio#s e)ercise of po&er y the oss.

,-6 inally" #nions helped to !ive employees a senseof participation in the #siness enterprises of &hich

they are part


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LABOR RELATIONSdiscipline employees. S#pervisory employees arethose &ho" in the interest of the employer" effectivelyrecommend s#ch mana!erial actions if the e)erciseof s#ch a#thority is not merely ro#tinary or clerical innat#re #t re(#ires the #se of independent

%#d!ment. All employees not fallin! &ithin any of thea ove definitions are considered ran'*and*fileemployees for p#rposes of this Boo'. n. F ol#ntary Ar itratorF means any personaccredited y the Board as s#ch or any personnamed or desi!nated in the +ollective Bar!ainin!A!reement y the parties to act as their ol#ntaryAr itrator" or one chosen &ith or &itho#t theassistance of the National +onciliation and2ediation Board" p#rs#ant to a selection proced#rea!reed #pon in the +ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement"or any official that may e a#thorized y theSecretary of La or and Employment to act as

ol#ntary Ar itrator #pon the &ritten re(#est anda!reement of the parties to a la or disp#te. o. FStri'eF means any temporary stoppa!e of &or'

y the concerted action of employees as a res#lt ofan ind#strial or la or disp#te. p. FLoc'o#tF means any temporary ref#sal of anemployer to f#rnish &or' as a res#lt of an ind#strialor la or disp#te. (. FInternal #nion disp#teF incl#des all disp#tes or!rievances arisin! from any violation of ordisa!reement over any provision of the constit#tionand y*la&s of a #nion" incl#din! any violation of theri!hts and conditions of #nion mem ership provided

for in this +ode. r. FStri'e* rea'erF means any person &ho o str#cts"impedes" or interferes &ith y force" violence"coercion" threats" or intimidation any peacef#lpic'etin! affectin! &a!es" ho#rs or conditions of

&or' or in the e)ercise of the ri!ht of self*or!anization or collective ar!ainin!. s. FStri'e areaF means the esta lishment"

&areho#ses" depots" plants or offices" incl#din! thesites or premises #sed as r#na&ay shops" of theemployer str#c' a!ainst" as &ell as the immediatevicinity act#ally #sed y pic'etin! stri'ers in movin!to and fro efore all points of entrance to and e)itfrom said esta lishment. ,As amended y Section "Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30" 04546

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1. E-PLOYER E-PLOYEE RELATIONS(IPESSENTIAL

The e)istence of employer*employee relationship" ase)plained in Boo' III" is determined y the presenceof the follo&in! elements" namely:

,a6 selection and en!a!ement of the employee$

, 6 payment of &a!es$

,c6 po&er to dismiss$ and

,d6 po&er to control the employee s cond#ct.

The fo#rth is the most important element.

2. #(O ARE E-PLOYEES

The term 8employee9:

,06 shall incl#de any employee

,36 and shall not e limited to the employee of anypartic#lar employer" #nless the Act so e)plicitlystates other&ise

,-6 and shall incl#de any individ#al

,a6 &hose &or' has ceased as a res#lt of" orin connection &ith any c#rrent la or disp#te

, 6 and &ho has not o tained any others# stantially e(#ivalent and re!#laremployment.

8Employee9 refers to any person &or'in! for anemployer. It incl#des one &hose &or' has ceased in

connection &ith any c#rrent la or disp#te or eca#seof any #nfair la or practice and one &ho has eendismissed from &or' #t the le!ality of the dismissalis ein! contested in a for#m of appropriate

%#risdiction.

8Employer9 refers to any person or entity &hoemploys the services of others" one for &homemployees &or' and &ho pays their &a!es orsalaries. An employer incl#des any person directly orindirectly actin! in the interest of an employer. Itshall also refer to the enterprise &here a la oror!anization operates or see's to operate.

An employer may e ro#!ht into ar!ainin! andeconomic relationship &ith persons not in his act#alemploy$ s#ch persons are !iven the stat#s and ti!htsof 8employees9 in relation to him" in order to accordto them the protection of the Act. Th#s" The nat#re ofa 8la or disp#te9 does not re(#ire that the disp#tantssho#ld stand in the pro)imate relation of employerand employee" &ith conse(#ent protection ofconcerted activities carried o#t y many persons

elon!in! to several employers.

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.- DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONS

3.0 8One &hose &or' has ceased...9

+essation of &or' d#e to stri'e or loc'o#t" or todismissal or s#spensions constit#tin! #nfair la orpractices" does not in itself affect the 8employee9stat#s" in the sense that the ri!hts and enefits ofthe employee are protected as tho#!h there had

een no interr#ption of service" effective #pon act#alret#rn to &or'.

'. LABOR OR%ANI&ATION AS E-PLOYER

E)ceptionally" a la or or!anization may e deemedan 8employer9 &hen it is actin! as s#ch in relation topersons renderin! services #nder hire" partic#larly inconnection &ith its activities for profit or !ain.

). LABOR DISP/TE

The test of &hether a la or controversy comes &ithinthe definition of a la or disp#te depends on &hetherit involves or concerns terms" conditions ofemployment or representation.

The e)istence of a la or disp#te is not ne!ative ythe fact that the plaintiffs and defendants do notstand in the pro)imate relation of employer andemployee.

0. LABOR DISP/TES AND RE-EDIES AS/--ARY

1.0 =efinition

8La or =isp#te9 incl#des any controversy or matterconcernin! terms and conditions of employment orthe association or representation of persons inne!otiatin!" fi)in!" maintainin!" chan!in! orarran!in! the terms and conditions of employment"re!ardless of &hether the disp#tants stand in thepro)imate relation of employer and employee.

1.3 Tests or +riteria of 8La or =isp#te9

A. Nat#re: =isp#te arises from employer*employeerelationship" altho#!h disp#tants need not epro)imately 8employee9 or 8employer9 of the other.

B. S# %ect matter: =isp#te concerns ,06 terms orconditions of employment$ or ,36 association orrepresentation of persons in ne!otiatin!" fi)in!"maintainin!" or chan!in! terms or conditions ofemployment.

1.- Jinds of La or =isp#tes

A. La or Standards =isp#tes:

,06 +ompensation K ,#nderpayment of minim#m &a!e6

,36 Benefits K ,nonpayment of holiday pay6

,-6 ;or'in! conditions K ,#nrectified &or' hazards6

B. La or Relations =isp#tes:

,06 Or!anizational Ri!ht =isp#teG HLC K ,coercion6

,36 Representation =isp#tes K ,determination ofappropriate collective ar!ainin! #nit6

,-6 Bar!ainin! =isp#tes K ,ref#sal to ar!ain6

, 6 +ontract Administration or Cersonnel Colicy=isp#tes K ,noncompliance &ith +BA provision6

,16 Employment Ten#re =isp#tes K,nonre!#larization of employees6

1. Remedies in La or =isp#tes , SEE TABLE 1 6 77777777

Title IINATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS CO--ISSION

Chapter ICREATION AND CO-POSITION

Art. 30-. National La or Relations +ommission.There shall e a National La or Relations+ommission &hich shall e attached to the=epartment of La or and Employment for pro!ram

and policy coordination only" composed of a+hairman and fo#rteen ,0 6 2em ers.

ive ,16 mem ers each shall e chosen from amon!the nominees of the &or'ers and employersor!anizations" respectively. The +hairman and thefo#r , 6 remainin! mem ers shall come from thep# lic sector" &ith the latter to e chosen fromamon! the recommendees of the Secretary of La orand Employment.

Hpon ass#mption into office" the mem ersnominated y the &or'ers and employersor!anizations shall divest themselves of anyaffiliation &ith or interest in the federation orassociation to &hich they elon!.

The +ommission may sit en anc or in five ,16divisions" each composed of three ,-6 mem ers.S# %ect to the pen#ltimate sentence of thispara!raph" the +ommission shall sit en anc only forp#rposes of prom#l!atin! r#les and re!#lations!overnin! the hearin! and disposition of cases

efore any of its divisions and re!ional ranches"

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc. DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSand form#latin! policies affectin! its administrationand operations. The +ommission shall e)ercise itsad%#dicatory and all other po&ers" f#nctions" andd#ties thro#!h its divisions. Of the five ,16 divisions"the first" second and third divisions shall handlecases comin! from the National +apital Re!ion andthe parts of L#zon$ and the fo#rth and fifth divisions"cases from the isayas and 2indanao" respectively$Crovided that the +ommission sittin! en anc may"on temporary or emer!ency asis" allo& cases

&ithin the %#risdiction of any division to e heard anddecided y any other division &hose doc'et allo&sthe additional &or'load and s#ch transfer &ill note)pose liti!ants to #nnecessary additional e)pense.The divisions of the +ommission shall havee)cl#sive appellate %#risdiction over cases &ithintheir respective territorial %#risdictions. As amended

y Rep# lic Act No. //??M.

The conc#rrence of t&o ,36 +ommissioners of adivision shall e necessary for the prono#ncement of

%#d!ment or resol#tion. ;henever the re(#iredmem ership in a division is not complete and theconc#rrence of t&o ,36 commissioners to arrive at a

%#d!ment or resol#tion cannot e o tained" the+hairman shall desi!nate s#ch n#m er of additional+ommissioners from the other divisions as may enecessary.

The concl#sions of a division on any case s# mittedto it for decision shall e reached in cons#ltation

efore the case is assi!ned to a mem er for the &ritin! of the opinion. It shall e mandatory for thedivision to meet for p#rposes of the cons#ltationordained herein. A certification to this effect si!ned

y the Cresidin! +ommissioner of the division shalle iss#ed and a copy thereof attached to the recordof the case and served #pon the parties.

The +hairman shall e the Cresidin! +ommissionerof the first division and the fo#r , 6 other mem ersfrom the p# lic sector shall e the Cresidin!+ommissioners of the second" third" fo#rth and fifthdivisions" respectively. In case of the effectivea sence or incapacity of the +hairman" theCresidin! +ommissioner of the second division shall

e the Actin! +hairman.

The +hairman" aided y the E)ec#tive +ler' of the+ommission" shall have administrative s#pervisionover the +ommission and its re!ional ranches andall its personnel" incl#din! the E)ec#tive La orAr iters and La or Ar iters.

The +ommission" &hen sittin! en anc shall eassisted y the same E)ec#tive +ler' and" &henactin! thr# its =ivisions" y said E)ec#tive +ler's forthe second" third" fo#rth and fifth =ivisions"respectively" in the performance of s#ch similar or

e(#ivalent f#nctions and d#ties as are dischar!ed ythe +ler' of +o#rt and =ep#ty +ler's of +o#rt of the+o#rt of Appeals. ,As amended y Section 1"Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30" 04546

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Art. 30 . ead(#arters" Branches and CrovincialE)tension Hnits. The +ommission and its irst"Second and Third divisions shall have their mainoffices in 2etropolitan 2anila" and the o#rth and

ifth divisions in the +ities of +e # and +a!ayan deOro" respectively. The +ommission shall esta lish asmany re!ional ranches as there are re!ional officesof the =epartment of La or and Employment" s# *re!ional ranches or provincial e)tension #nits.There shall e as many La or Ar iters as may enecessary for the effective and efficient operation ofthe +ommission. Each re!ional ranch shall eheaded y an E)ec#tive La or Ar iter. ,As amended

y Section " Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30"04546

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1. NLRC NAT/RE AND OR%ANI&ATION

0.0 +reation and A#tonomy

Before the advent of the La or +ode the la or co#rt &as the +o#rt of Ind#strial Relations. ;hen martialla& &as declared in Septem er 04/3" C= No. 30,Octo er 0 " 04/36 a olished the +IR and replacedit &ith an ad hoc National La or Relations+ommission. This NLR+ &as short*lived as it !ave

&ay to the NLR+ &hich the La or +ode created in04/ .

0.3 Administrative S#pervision =ele!ated to the=OLE Secretary

E)ec#tive Order No. 3? dele!ated to the Secretaryof La or 8administrative s#pervision over the NLR+"its re!ional ranches and all its personnel.9 TheOrder cited t&o o %ectives: ,06 to f#rther improve therate of disposition of cases and ,36 to enhancee)istin! meas#res for the prevention of !raft andcorr#ption in the NLR+.

0.- Essential +haracter

Hnder Rep# lic Act No. /01 in 0454" as #nder theformer la&" the National La or Relations+ommission contin#es to act colle!ially" &hether itperforms administrative or r#le*ma'in! f#nctions ore)ercises appellate %#risdiction to revie& decisionsand final orders of the La or Ar iters.

0. Tripartite +omposition

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.1 DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSThe same Article 30-" as amended" provides that the+hairman and t&enty*three mem ers composin! theNational La or Relations +ommission shall echosen from the &or'ers" employers and the p# licsectors.

0.1 Allocation of Co&ers Bet&een NLR+ En Bancand Its =ivision

The 8division: is a le!al entity" not the persons &hosit in it. ence" an individ#al commissioner has noad%#dicatory po&er" altho#!h" of co#rse" he canconc#r or dissent in decidin! a case. The la& lod!esthe ad%#dicatory po&er on each of the ei!htdivisions" not on the individ#al commissioners not onthe &hole commission.

0. The NLR+ R#les of Croced#re

8The 3??1 Revised R#les of Croced#re of theNational La or Relations +ommission9 &asp# lished in ne&spapers on =ecem er 3-" 3??1 andtoo' effect on @an#ary /" 3?? .

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Art. 301. Appointment and #alifications. The+hairman and other +ommissioners shall emem ers of the Chilippine Bar and m#st haveen!a!ed in the practice of la& in the Chilippines forat least fifteen ,016 years" &ith at least five ,16 yearse)perience or e)pos#re in the field of la or*mana!ement relations" and shall prefera ly eresidents of the re!ion &here they are to hold office.The E)ec#tive La or Ar iters and La or Ar itersshall li'e&ise e mem ers of the Chilippine Bar and

m#st have een en!a!ed in the practice of la& in theChilippines for at least seven ,/6 years" &ith at leastthree ,-6 years e)perience or e)pos#re in the field ofla or*mana!ement relations: Crovided" o&ever"that inc#m ent E)ec#tive La or Ar iters and La orAr iters &ho have een en!a!ed in the practice ofla& for at least five ,16 years may e considered asalready (#alified for p#rposes of reappointment ass#ch #nder this Act. The +hairman and the other+ommissioners" the E)ec#tive La or Ar iters andLa or Ar iters shall hold office d#rin! !ood ehavior#ntil they reach the a!e of si)ty*five years" #nlesssooner removed for ca#se as provided y la& or

ecome incapacitated to dischar!e the d#ties of theiroffice.

The +hairman" the division Cresidin!+ommissioners and other +ommissioners shall eappointed y the Cresident" s# %ect to confirmation

y the +ommission on Appointments. Appointmentto any vacancy shall come from the nominees of thesector &hich nominated the predecessor. TheE)ec#tive La or Ar iters and La or Ar iters shallalso e appointed y the Cresident" #pon

recommendation of the Secretary of La or andEmployment and shall e s# %ect to the +ivil ServiceLa&" r#les and re!#lations.

The Secretary of La or and Employment shall" incons#ltation &ith the +hairman of the +ommission"appoint the staff and employees of the +ommissionand its re!ional ranches as the needs of the servicemay re(#ire" s# %ect to the +ivil Service La&" r#lesand re!#lations" and #p!rade their c#rrent salaries"

enefits and other emol#ments in accordance &ithla&. ,As amended y Section /" Rep# lic Act No.

/01" 2arch 30" 04546 77777777

RE /IRIN% CONFIR-ATION BY CO--ISSIONON APPOINT-ENTS3 /NCONSTIT/TIONAL

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Art. 30 . Salaries" enefits and other emol#ments.The +hairman and mem ers of the +ommissionshall receive an ann#al salary at least e(#ivalent to"and e entitled to the same allo&ances and enefitsas those of the Cresidin! @#stice and Associate@#stices of the +o#rt of Appeals" respectively. TheE)ec#tive La or Ar iters shall receive an ann#alsalary at least e(#ivalent to that of an AssistantRe!ional =irector of the =epartment of La or andEmployment and shall e entitled to the sameallo&ances and enefits as that of a Re!ional=irector of said =epartment. The La or Ar iters shallreceive an ann#al salary at least e(#ivalent to" and

e entitled to the same allo&ances and enefits asthat of an Assistant Re!ional =irector of the=epartment of La or and Employment. In no case"

ho&ever" shall the provision of this Article res#lt inthe dimin#tion of e)istin! salaries" allo&ances andenefits of the aforementioned officials.,As amendedy Section 5" Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30"

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Chapter IIPO#ERS AND D/TIES

Art. 30/. @#risdiction of the La or Ar iters and the+ommission.a. E)cept as other&ise provided #nder this +ode"the La or Ar iters shall have ori!inal and e)cl#sive

%#risdiction to hear and decide" &ithin thirty ,-?6calendar days after the s# mission of the case ythe parties for decision &itho#t e)tension" even inthe a sence of steno!raphic notes" the follo&in!cases involvin! all &or'ers" &hether a!ric#lt#ral ornon*a!ric#lt#ral:

0. Hnfair la or practice cases$ 3. Termination disp#tes$

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc. DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONS -. If accompanied &ith a claim forreinstatement" those cases that &or'ersmay file involvin! &a!es" rates of pay" ho#rsof &or' and other terms and conditions ofemployment$

. +laims for act#al" moral" e)emplary andother forms of dama!es arisin! from theemployer*employee relations$ 1. +ases arisin! from any violation of Article3 of this +ode" incl#din! (#estionsinvolvin! the le!ality of stri'es and loc'o#ts$and

. E)cept claims for Employees+ompensation" Social Sec#rity" 2edicareand maternity enefits" all other claimsarisin! from employer*employee relations"incl#din! those of persons in domestic orho#sehold service" involvin! an amo#nte)ceedin! five tho#sand pesos ,C1"???.??6re!ardless of &hether accompanied &ith aclaim for reinstatement.

. The +ommission shall have e)cl#sive appellate

%#risdiction over all cases decided y La or Ar iters. c. +ases arisin! from the interpretation orimplementation of collective ar!ainin! a!reementsand those arisin! from the interpretation orenforcement of company personnel policies shall edisposed of y the La or Ar iter y referrin! thesame to the !rievance machinery and vol#ntary

ar itration as may e provided in said a!reements.,As amended y Section 4" Rep# lic Act No. /01"2arch 30" 04546

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1. ADDITIONAL CASES

To the si) , 6 'inds of cases mentioned in Article30/" the follo&in! sho#ld e added:

0. 2oney claims arisin! o#t of employer*employeerelationship or y virt#e of any la& or contract"involvin! ilipino &or'ers for overseas deployment"incl#din! claims for act#al" moral" e)emplary andother forms of dama!es" as &ell as employmenttermination of O ;s$

3. ;a!e distortion disp#tes in #nor!anizedesta lishments not vol#ntarily settled y the partiesp#rs#ant to Rep# lic Act No. /3/" as reflected inArticle 03 $

-. Enforcement of compromise a!reements &henthere is non*compliance y any of the parties

p#rs#ant to Article 33/ of the La or +ode" asamended$ and

. Other cases as may e provided y la&.

2. CO-P/LSORY ARBITRATION BY LABORARBITERS

In its road sense" ar itration is the reference of adisp#te to an impartial third person" chosen y theparties or appointed y stat#tory a#thority to hearand decide the case in controversy. ;hen theconsent of one of the parties is enforced y stat#toryprovisions" the proceedin! is referred to ascomp#lsory ar itration. In la or cases" comp#lsoryar itration is the process of settlement of la ordisp#tes y a !overnment a!ency &hich has thea#thority to investi!ate and to ma'e an a&ard &hichis indin! on all the parties.

3.0 NLR+ Appellate Croceedin!s Not Cart ofAr itration

Hnder the La or +ode" it is the La or Ar iter &ho isclothed &ith the a#thority to cond#ct comp#lsoryar itration on cases involvin! termination disp#tesand other cases #nder Art. 30/.

;hen the La or Ar iter renders his decision"comp#lsory ar itration is deemed terminated

eca#se y then the hearin! and determination ofthe controversy has ended.

3.3 Nat#re of Croceedin!s

The NLR+ R#les descri e the proceedin!s eforethe La or Ar iter as non*liti!io#s. S# %ect to there(#irements of d#e process" the technicalities ofla& and proced#re in the re!#lar co#rts do not applyin NLR+Gla or ar iter proceedin!s ,Art. 3306. Thear iter may avail himself of all reasona le means"incl#din! oc#lar inspection" to ascertain the factsspeedily$ he shall personally cond#ct the conferenceor hearin!s and ta'e f#ll control of the proceedin!s.,R#le " Sec. 3" NLR+ 3??1 R#les of Croced#re6

3.- Article 30/ ields to Arts. 3 0 3 and 3 3 -

' . LABOR ARBITER$S 4/RISDICTION3 IN%ENERAL

3 A vol#ntary ar itrator" #nder Art. 3 0" has 8ori!inal ande)cl#sive9 %#risdiction over disp#tes concernin! +BAimplementation or personnel policy enforcement.

- In addition" #nder Art. 3 3" the parties may s# mit to a vol#ntaryar itrator ,or panel6 8all other disp#tes incl#din! #nfair la orpractices and ar!ainin! deadloc's.

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc./ DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSThe cases la or ar iter can hear and decide areemployment*related.

-.0 S#pervisory +ontrol" +r#cial

+ontrol over the performance of the &or' is thecr#cial indicator of employment relationship" &itho#t

&hich the la or ar iter has no %#risdiction over thedisp#te.

It is &ell*settled in la& and %#rispr#dence that &hereno employer*employee relationship e)ists et&eenthe parties and no iss#e is involved &hich may eresolved y reference to the La or +ode" other la orstat#tes" or any collective ar!ainin! a!reement" it isthe Re!ional Trial +o#rt that has %#risdiction.

). VEN/E

The NLR+ R#les of Croced#re provides:

Section 0. en#e. * a6 All cases &hich La or Ar iters have

a#thority to hear and decide may e filed in the Re!ionalAr itration Branch havin! %#risdiction over the &or'placeof the complainant or petitioner.

or p#rposes of ven#e" the &or'place shall e #nderstoodas the place or locality &here the employee is re!#larlyassi!ned at the time the ca#se of action arose. It shallincl#de the place &here the employee is s#pposed toreport ac' after a temporary detail" assi!nment" or travel.In case of field employees" as &ell as am #lant or itinerant

&or'ers" their &or'place is &here they are re!#larlyassi!ned" or &here they are s#pposed to re!#larly receivetheir salaries and &a!es or &or' instr#ctions from" andreport the res#lts of their assi!nment to" their employers.

6 ;here t&o ,36 or more Re!ional Ar itration Brancheshave %#risdiction over the &or'place of the complainant orpetitioner" the Branch that first ac(#ired %#risdiction overthe case shall e)cl#de the others.

c6 ;hen ven#e is not o %ected to efore the fillin! ofposition papers s#ch iss#e shall e deemed &aived.

d6 The ven#e of an action may e chan!ed or transferredto a different Re!ional Ar itration Branch other than &herethe complaint &as filed y &ritten a!reement of the partiesor &hen the +ommission or La or Ar iter efore &hom thecase is pendin! so orders" #pon motion y the properparty in meritorio#s cases.

e6 +ases involvin! overseas ilipino &or'ers may e filedefore the Re!ional Ar itration Branch havin! %#risdiction

over the place &here the complainant resides or &here theprincipal office of any of the respondents is sit#ated" at theoption of the complainant.

.0 ;or'er s Option

The &or'er" ein! the economically*disadvanta!edparty


9/122

LABOR RELATIONS/.- 2ainland v. 2ovilla: The 8Better Colicy9 in=eterminin! SE+ @#risdiction

The etter policy to e follo&ed in determinin! %#risdiction over a case sho#ld e to considerconc#rrent factors s#ch as the stat#s or relationshipof the parties or the nat#re of the (#estion that is thes# %ect of their controversy.

/. Ta an! v. NLR+: SE+ @#risdiction Reaffirmed$+orporate Officer and Intra*corporate +ontroversy=efined

An 8intra*corporate controversy9 is one &hich ariseset&een a stoc'holder and the corporation. There is

no distinction" (#alification" nor any e)emption &hatsoever. The provision is road and covers all'inds of controversies et&een stoc'holders andcorporations.

*. LABOR ARBITER$S 4/RISDICTION -ONEYCLAI-S

A money claim arisin! from employer*employeerelations" e)ceptin! SSSGE++G2edicare claims" is

&ithin the %#risdiction of a la or ar iterrave A #se of =iscretion9

By !rave a #se of discretion is meant capricio#s and &himsical e)ercise of %#d!ment as is e(#ivalent tolac' of %#risdiction. 2ere a #se of discretion is noteno#!h. It m#st e !rave a #se of discretion as

&hen the po&er is e)ercised in an ar itrary ordespotic manner y reason of passion or personalhostility" and m#st e so patent and so !ross as toamo#nt to an evasion of a positive d#ty or to a virt#al

ref#sal to perform the d#ty en%oined or to act at all incontemplation of la&.

05./ Sole Office of Cer"iorari

The appellate co#rt s %#risdiction to revie& a decisionof the NLR+ in a petition for certiorari is confined toiss#es of %#risdiction or !rave a #se of discretion. Ane)traordinary remedy" a petition for certiorari isavaila le only and restrictively in tr#ly e)ceptionalcases. The sole office of the &rit of certiorari is the

correction of errors of %#risdiction incl#din! thecommission of !rave a #se of discretion amo#ntin!to lac' or e)cess of %#risdiction. It does not incl#decorrection of the NLR+ s eval#ation of the evidenceor of its fact#al findin!s. S#ch findin!s are !enerallyaccorded not only respect #t also finality. A partyassailin! s#ch findin!s ears the #rden of sho&in!that the tri #nal acted capricio#sly and &himsicallyor in total disre!ard of evidence material to thecontroversy" in order that the e)traordinary &rit ofcertiorari &ill lie.

05.5 Appeal from OSE+ to +A$ St. 2artin R#lin!Applies

Tho#!h appeals from the NLR+ to the Secretary ofLa or &ere eliminated" presently there are severalinstances in the La or +ode and its implementin!and related r#les &here an appeal can e filed &iththe Office of the Secretary of La or or the Secretaryof La or iss#es a r#lin!" to &it:

,06 Hnder the R#les and Re!#lations >overnin!Recr#itment and Clacement A!encies for LocalEmployment 0 dated @#ne 1" 044/ s#persedin!certain provisions of Boo' I ,Cre*Employment6 of theimplementin! r#les" the decision of the Re!ional=irector on complaints a!ainst a!encies isappeala le to the Secretary of La or &ithin ten ,0?6

&or'in! days from receipt of a copy of the order" onspecified !ro#nds" &hose decision shall e final andinappeala le.

,36 Art. 035 of the La or +ode provides that an orderiss#ed y the d#ly a#thorized representative of the

Secretary of La or in la or standards casesp#rs#ant to his visitorial and enforcement po&er#nder said article may e appealed to the Secretaryof La or.

Sec. 3 in relation to Section - ,a6" R#le " Boo' III,+onditions of Employment6 of the implementin! r#les!ives the Re!ional =irector the po&er to order andadminister compliance &ith the la or standards provisionsof the +ode and other la or le!islation. Section !ives theSecretary the po&er to revie& the order of the Re!ional=irector" and the SecretaryPs decision shall e final ande)ec#tory.

Sec. 0" R#le I ,Appeals6 of the R#les on the =ispositionof La or Standards +ases in the Re!ional Offices datedSeptem er 0 " 045/ 01 provides that the order of theRe!ional =irector in la or standards cases shall e finaland e)ec#tory #nless appealed to the Secretary of La or.

Sec. 1" R#le ,E)ec#tion6 provides that the decisions"orders or resol#tions of the Secretary of La or andEmployment shall ecome final and e)ec#tory after ten,0?6 calendar days from receipt of the case records. Thefilin! of a petition for certiorari efore the S#preme +o#rtshall not stay the e)ec#tion of the order or decision #nless

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.3/ DC L A T O N


28/122

LABOR RELATIONSthe a!!rieved party sec#res a temporary restrainin! orderfrom the +o#rt &ithin fifteen ,016 calendar days from thedate of finality of the order or decision or posts as#persedeas ond.

Sec. of R#le I , ealth and Safety +ases6 provides thatthe Secretary of La or at his o&n initiative or #pon there(#est of the employer andGor employee may revie& theorder of the Re!ional =irector in occ#pational health andsafety cases. The SecretaryPs order shall e final ande)ec#tory.

,36 Art. 3- provides that the decision of the La orRelations =ivision in the re!ional office denyin! anapplicant la or or!anization" association or !ro#p of#nions or &or'ersP application for re!istration may eappealed y the applicant #nion to the B#rea# ofLa or Relations &ithin ten ,0?6 days from receipt ofnotice thereof.

Sec. " R#le " Boo' ,La or Relations6" as amended y=epartment Order No. 4 dated 2ay 0" 044/ 0 providesthat the decision of the Re!ional Office denyin! the

application for re!istration of a &or'ers association &hoseplace of operation is confined to one re!ional %#risdiction"or the B#rea# of La or Relations denyin! the re!istrationof a federation" national or ind#stry #nion or trade #nioncenter may e appealed to the B#rea# or the Secretary asthe case may e &ho shall decide the appeal &ithin t&enty,3?6 calendar days from receipt of the records of the case.

,-6 Art. 3-5 provides that the certificate ofre!istration of any le!itimate or!anization shall ecanceled y the B#rea# of La or Relations if it hasreason to elieve" after d#e hearin!" that the saidla or or!anization no lon!er meets one or more ofthe re(#irements prescri ed y la&.

Sec. " R#le III" Boo' provides that the decision of theRe!ional Office or the =irector of the B#rea# of La orRelations may e appealed &ithin ten ,0?6 days fromreceipt thereof y the a!!rieved party to the =irector of theB#rea# or the Secretary of La or" as the case may e"

&hose decision shall e final and e)ec#tory.

, 6 Art. 314 provides that any party to a certificationelection may appeal the order or res#lts of theelection as determined y the 2ed*Ar iter directly tothe Secretary of La or &ho shall decide the same

&ithin fifteen ,016 calendar days.

Sec. 03" R#le I" Boo' provides that the decision of the2ed*Ar iter on the petition for certification election may eappealed to the Secretary.

Sec. 01" R#le I" Boo' provides that the decision of theSecretary of La or on an appeal from the 2ed*Ar iterPsdecision on a petition for certification election shall e finaland e)ec#tory. The implementation of the decision of theSecretary affirmin! the decision to cond#ct a certificationelection shall not e stayed #nless restrained y theappropriate co#rt.

Sec. 01" R#le II" Boo' provides that the decision of the2ed*Ar iter on the res#lts of the certification election may

e appealed to the Secretary &ithin ten ,0?6 days fromreceipt y the parties of a copy thereof" &hose decisionshall e final and e)ec#tory.

Sec. /" R#le III ,Administration of Trade Hnion #ndsand Actions Arisin! Therefrom6" Boo' provides that thedecision of the B#rea# in complaints filed directly &ith saidoffice pertainin! to administration of trade #nion f#nds may

e appealed to the Secretary of La or &ithin ten ,0?6 daysfrom receipt of the parties of a copy thereof.

Sec. 0" R#le I ,E)ec#tion of =ecisions" A&ards" orOrders6" Boo' provides that the decision of theSecretary of La or shall e final and e)ec#tory after ten,0?6 calendar days from receipt thereof y the parties#nless other&ise specifically provided for in Boo' .

,16 Art. 3 - provides that the Secretary of La orshall decide or resolve the la or disp#te over &hichhe ass#med %#risdiction &ithin thirty ,-?6 days fromthe date of the ass#mption of %#risdiction. isdecision shall e final and e)ec#tory ten ,0?6calendar days after receipt thereof y the parties.

05.4 E)ha#stion of Administrative Remedies$ 2otionfor Reconsideration Re(#ired

The remedy of an a!!rieved party in a decision orresol#tion of the Secretary of the =OLE is to timelyfile a motion for reconsideration as a precondition ofor any f#rther or s# se(#ent remedy" and thenseasona ly file a special civil action for cer"iorari#nder R#le 1 of the 044/ R#les of +ivil Croced#re.

Cetitioner s fail#re to file its motion for

reconsideration seasona ly is fatal to its ca#se andin effect" renders final and e)ec#tor the Resol#tion ofthe Secretary of the =OLE.

A petition for cer"iorari sho#ld e preceded ye)ha#stion of administrative remedies.

;hen an administrative remedy is provided y la&"relief m#st e so#!ht y first e)ha#stin! that remedy

efore see'in! %#dicial intervention. ail#re to do sois fatal.

05.0? E)ceptions

It has een held that the re(#irement of a motion forreconsideration may e dispensed &ith in thefollo&in! instances: ,06 &hen the iss#e raised is onep#rely of la&$ ,36 &here p# lic interest is involved$,-6 in cases of #r!ency$ and , 6 &here specialcirc#mstances &arrant immediate or more directaction. On the other hand" amon! the acceptede)ceptions to the r#le on e)ha#stion ofadministrative remedies are: ,06 &here the (#estionin disp#te is p#rely a le!al one$ and ,36 &here the



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LABOR RELATIONScontroverted act is patently ille!al or &as performed

&itho#t %#risdiction or in e)cess of %#risdiction.

16. CERTIFICATION OF NON FOR/- S(OPPIN%

or#m shoppin! is the act or attempt to present thesame disp#te to different ad%#dicators in the hope ofsec#rin! a favo#ra le r#lin!.

In relation thereto" R#le /" Section 1 of the R#les of+o#rt provides:

+ertification a!ainst for#m shoppin!.enerally inal

As a !eneral r#le" the findin!s of administrativea!encies are accorded not only respect #t evenfinality.

The doctrine that the findin!s of facts of the NLR+are indin! on this +o#rt if s#pported y s# stantialevidence is &ell esta lished. o&ever" in the same

&ay that the findin!s of facts #ns#pported ys# stantial and credi le evidence do not ind theS#preme +o#rt or +o#rt of AppealsM" neither &ill &e#phold erroneo#s concl#sions of the NLR+ &hen &efind that the latter committed !rave a #se ofdiscretion in reversin! the decision of the la orar iter" especially if the findin!s of NLR+ ased onpractically the same facts esta lished in the hearin!s

efore the ar iter are spec#lative and con%ect#ral

3?. E)ceptions:

,06 &hen the findin!s are !ro#nded entirely onspec#lation" s#rmises" or con%ect#res$

,36 &hen the inference made is manifestly mista'en"a s#rd" or impossi le$

,-6 &hen there is !rave a #se of discretion$

, 6 &hen the %#d!ment is ased on amisapprehension of facts$

,16 &hen the findin!s of facts are conflictin!$

, 6 &hen in ma'in! its findin!s" the +o#rt of Appeals &ent eyond the iss#es of the case" or its findin!sare contrary to the admissions of oth the appellantand the appellee$

,/6 &hen the findin!s are contrary to the trial co#rt$

,56 &hen the findin!s are concl#sions &itho#t citationof specific evidence on &hich they are ased$

,46 &hen the facts set forth in the petition as &ell asin the petitionerPs main and reply riefs are notdisp#ted y the respondent$

,0?6 &hen the findin!s of fact are premised on thes#pposed a sence of evidence and contradicted ythe evidence on record$ and

,006 &hen the +o#rt of Appeals manifestlyoverloo'ed certain relevant facts not disp#ted y theparties" &hich" if properly considered" &o#ld %#stify adifferent concl#sion.



30/122

LABOR RELATIONS

3?.1 E)amples: Some indin!s of acts Reversed

21. FRO- CA TO SC ONLY /ESTION OF LA#3R/LE )0

It m#st e filed &ithin fifteen ,016 days from notice ofthe %#d!ment or final order or resol#tion appealedfrom" or of the denial of the petitioner s motion forne& trial or reconsideration.

The special civil action of cer"iorari #nder R#le 1cannot e #sed as a s# stit#te for an appeal #nderR#le 1 that the petitioner already lost.

77777777

Art. 33 . E)ec#tion of decisions" orders or a&ards.a. The Secretary of La or and Employment or anyRe!ional =irector" the +ommission or any La orAr iter" or 2ed*Ar iter or ol#ntary Ar itrator may"#o"u $ro$rio or on motion of any interested party"iss#e a &rit of e)ec#tion on a %#d!ment &ithin five,16 years from the date it ecomes final ande)ec#tory" re(#irin! a sheriff or a d#ly dep#tizedofficer to e)ec#te or enforce final decisions" ordersor a&ards of the Secretary of La or andEmployment or re!ional director" the +ommission"the La or Ar iter or med*ar iter" or vol#ntaryar itrators. In any case" it shall e the d#ty of theresponsi le officer to separately f#rnish immediatelythe co#nsels of record and the parties &ith copies ofsaid decisions" orders or a&ards. ail#re to comply

&ith the d#ty prescri ed herein shall s# %ect s#chresponsi le officer to appropriate administrativesanctions.

. The Secretary of La or and Employment" and the+hairman of the +ommission may desi!nate specialsheriffs and ta'e any meas#re #nder e)istin! la&s toens#re compliance &ith their decisions" orders ora&ards and those of the La or Ar iters andvol#ntary ar itrators" incl#din! the imposition ofadministrative fines &hich shall not e less thanC1??.?? nor more than C0?"???.??. ,As amended

y Section 0-" Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30"04546

77777777

1. E8EC/TION

A &rit of 8E)ec#tion9 is an order to carry o#t" toimplement" a final %#d!ment.

Hnder Art. 33 " a &rit of e)ec#tion may e iss#ed ythe follo&in! officials for the final decisions" order ora&ards prom#l!ated y them:

a6 Secretary of La or and Employment$

6 any Re!ional =irector$

c6 the +ommission$

d6 the La or Ar iter$

e6the 2ed*Ar iter$

f6 the ol#ntary Ar itrator$ or

!6 the Canel of Ar itrators.

The &rit of e)ec#tion on a %#d!ment may e iss#ed#o"u $ro$rio or on motion of any interested party

&ithin five ,16 years from the date it ecomes finaland e)ec#tory

E)ec#tion is done thro#!h the re!#lar or specialsheriff. B#t alternatively" the Secretary" the+ommission" any La or Ar iter" the Re!ional=irector or the =irector of the B#rea# of La orRelations in appropriate cases may dep#tize theChilippine National Colice or any la& enforcementa!encies in the enforcement of final a&ards" ordersor decisions.

0.0 Article 33 is E)ec#tion" Not Appeal" Croced#re

0.3 Both Carty and +o#nsel Sho#ld Be Notified

2. E8EC/TION /PON FINALITY OF DECISIONOR ORDER

Section 0. E)ec#tion Hpon inality of =ecision or Order. *a6 A &rit of e)ec#tion may e iss#ed #o"u $ro$rio or onmotion" #pon a decision or order that finally disposes ofthe action or proceedin!s after the parties and theirco#nsels or a#thorized representatives are f#rnished &ithcopies of the decision or order in accordance &ith theseR#les" #t only after the e)piration of the period to appealif no appeal has een filed" as sho&n y the certificate offinality. If an appeal has een filed" a &rit of e)ec#tion may

e iss#ed &hen there is an entry of %#d!ment as providedfor in Section 0 of R#le II.

6 No motion for e)ec#tion shall e entertained nor a &ritof e)ec#tion e iss#ed #nless the La or Ar iter or the+ommission is in possession of the records of the case

&hich shall incl#de an entry of %#d!ment if the case &asappealed$ e)cept that" as provided for in Section 0 of

R#le and Section of this R#le" and in those cases &here partial e)ec#tion is allo&ed y la&" the La or Ar itershall retain d#plicate ori!inal copies of the decision to eimplemented and proof of service thereof for the p#rposeof immediate enforcement.

Section 3. Cre*E)ec#tion +onference. * ;ithin t&o ,36 &or'in! days from receipt of a motion for the iss#ance of a &rit of e)ec#tion" and s# %ect to Section 0" para!raph , 6of this R#le" the La or Ar iter shall sched#le a pre*e)ec#tion conference or hearin! to thresh o#t matters

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.-? DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSrelevant to e)ec#tion" incl#din! the comp#tation of thea&ard.

Section -. orm and +ontents of a ;rit of E)ec#tion. * The &rit of e)ec#tion m#st e iss#ed in the name of theRep# lic of the Chilippines si!ned y the +ommission orLa or Ar iter re(#irin! the Sheriff to e)ec#te the decision"order" or a&ard of the +ommission or La or Ar iter" andm#st contain the dispositive portion thereof" the amo#nt" ifany" to e demanded" and all la&f#l fees to e collectedfrom the losin! party or any other person re(#ired y la&to o ey the same.

Section . +omp#tation =#rin! E)ec#tion. * ;here f#rthercomp#tation of the a&ard in the decision" resol#tion ororder is necessary d#rin! the co#rse of the e)ec#tionproceedin!s" no &rit of e)ec#tion shall e iss#ed #ntil afterthe comp#tation has een approved y the La or Ar iterin an order iss#ed after the parties have een d#ly notifiedand heard on the matter.

Section 1. E)ec#tion of 2onetary @#d!ment. * a6Immediate payment on demand. * The Sheriff shallenforce a monetary %#d!ment y demandin! the

immediate payment of the f#ll amo#nt stated in the &rit ofe)ec#tion and all la&f#l fees from the losin! party or anyother person re(#ired y la& to o ey the same.

6 In the event of fail#re or ref#sal of the losin! party topay the %#d!ment a&ard" the Sheriff shall immediatelyproceed a!ainst the cash deposit or s#rety ond posted ythe losin! party" if any$

c6 If the ondin! company ref#ses to comply &ith the &ritof e)ec#tion" then its president and officers or a#thorizedrepresentatives shall e cited for contempt" and the

ondin! company shall e arred from transactin!#siness &ith the +ommission$

d6 Sho#ld the cash deposit or s#rety ond e ins#fficient"or in case the s#rety ond cannot e proceeded a!ainstfor any reason" the Sheriff shall" &ithin five ,16 days fromdemand" e)ec#te the monetary %#d!ment y levyin! on theproperty" personal and real" of the losin! party not e)emptfrom e)ec#tion" s#fficient to cover the %#d!ment a&ard"

&hich may e disposed of for val#e at a p# lic a#ction tothe hi!hest idder.

e6 Croceeds of e)ec#tion shall e deposited &ith the+ashier of the concerned =ivision or Re!ional Ar itrationBranch" or &ith an a#thorized depositary an'. ;herepayment is made in the form of a chec'" the same shall epaya le to the +ommission.

Section /. Enforcement of ;rit of E)ec#tion. * In e)ec#tin!a decision" resol#tion or order" the Sheriff" or othera#thorized officer actin! as Sheriff of the +ommission"shall e !#ided strictly y these R#les" and y the 2an#alon E)ec#tion of @#d!ment" &hich shall form part of theseR#les. In the a sence of applica le r#les" the R#les of+o#rt" as amended" shall e applied in a s#ppletorymanner.

Section 5. E)ec#tion By 2otion or By Independent Action.* A decision or order may e e)ec#ted on motion &ithinfive ,16 years from the date it ecomes final and e)ec#tory.

After the lapse of s#ch period" the %#d!ment shall ecomedormant" and may only e enforced y an independentaction &ithin a period of ten ,0?6 years from date of itsfinality.

Section 0?. Effect of Cetition for +ertiorari on E)ec#tion. *A petition for certiorari &ith the +o#rt of Appeals or theS#preme +o#rt shall not stay the e)ec#tion of the assaileddecision #nless a restrainin! order is iss#ed y saidco#rts.

Section 00. Resol#tion of 2otion to #ash. * The merefilin! of a motion to (#ash shall not stay e)ec#tionproceedin!s. A motion to (#ash shall e resolved y theLa or Ar iter &ithin ten ,0?6 &or'in! days from s# missionof said motion for resol#tion.

'. APPEAL ON T(E E8EC/TION OF DECISION;S/PERVENIN% EVENTS

A %#d!ment ecomes final and e)ec#tory yoperation of la&" not y %#dicial declaration.Accordin!ly" finality of %#d!ment ecomes a fact#pon the lapse of the re!lementary period of appealif no appeal is perfected. In s#ch a sit#ation" theprevailin! party is entitled as a matter of ri!ht to a

&rit of e)ec#tion$ and iss#ance thereof is aministerial d#ty" compella le y mandam#s.

). %ENERAL R/LE RE%IONAL TRIAL CO/RTCANNOT ISS/E IN4/NCTION A%AINST NLRC

Crecedents a o#nd confirmin! the r#le that saidco#rts have no la or %#risdiction to act on la orcases or vario#s incidents arisin! therefrom"incl#din! the e)ec#tion of decisions" a&ards ororders. @#risdiction to try and ad%#dicate s#ch casespertains e)cl#sively to the proper la or officialconcerned #nder the =epartment of La or andEmployment. To hold other&ise is to sanction split

%#risdiction &hich is o no)io#s to the orderlyadministration of %#stice.

.0 E)ec#tion Over Croperty O&ned Only y@#d!ment =e tor$ Remedies of Third Carty+laimant$ The #pan!co +ase

A third party &hose property has een levied #pony a sheriff to enforce a decision a!ainst a %#d!ment

de tor is afforded &ith several alternative remedies

to protect its interests. The third party may availhimself of alternative remedies c#m#latively" andone &ill not precl#de the third party from availin!himself of the other alternative remedies in the eventhe failed in the remedy first availed of.

Th#s" a third party may avail himself of the follo&in!alternative remedies:

a6 ile a third party claim &ith the sheriff of the La orAr iter" and

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.-0 DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONS

6 If the third party claim is denied" the third partymay appeal the denial to the NLR+.

Even if a third party claim &as denied" a third partymay still file a proper action &ith a competent co#rtto recover o&nership of the property ille!ally seized

y the sheriff.

The ri!ht of a third*party claimant to file anindependent action to vindicate his claim ofo&nership over the properties seized is reserved ySection 0/ ,no& 0 6" R#le -4 of the R#les of +o#rt.

The aforesaid remedies are nevertheless &itho#tpre%#dice to Pany proper actionP that a third*partyclaimant may deem s#ita le to vindicate Phis claim tothe property.

#ite o vio#sly" too" this Pproper actionP &o#ld havefor its o %ect the recovery of o&nership orpossession of the property seized y the sheriff" as

&ell as dama!es res#ltin! from the alle!edly &ron!f#l seiz#re and detention thereof despite thethird*party claim.

The remedies a ove mentioned are c#m#lative andmay e resorted to y a third*party claimantindependent of or separately from and &itho#t needof availin! of the others.

.3 RT+ In%#nction a!ainst La or Ar iter or NLR+";hen Allo&ed

The re!ional trial co#rt &here the reinvindicatory

action is filed can iss#e an in%#nction or temporaryrestrainin! order a!ainst the e)ec#tion ordered y ala or ar iter or the NLR+.

The !eneral r#le that no co#rt has the po&er tointerfere y in%#nction &ith the %#d!ments or decreesof another co#rt &ith conc#rrent or coordinate

%#risdiction possessin! e(#al po&er to !rantin%#nctive relief" applies only &hen no third*partyclaimant is involved.

@#rispr#dence is li'e&ise replete &ith r#lin!s thatsince the third*party claimant is not one of theparties to the action" he co#ld not" strictly spea'in!"appeal from the order denyin! his claim" #t sho#ldfile a separate reinvindicatory action a!ainst thee)ec#tion creditor or the p#rchaser of the propertyafter the sale at p# lic a#ction" or a complaint fordama!es a!ainst the ond filed y the %#d!mentcreditor in favor of the sheriff.

.- Third Carty +laim

Section 03. Third Carty +laim. * A third party claim shall efiled &ithin five ,16 days from the last day of postin! orp# lication of the notice of e)ec#tion sale$ other&ise theclaim shall e forever arred.The third party claimant shalle)ec#te an affidavit statin! his title to the property or ri!htto possession thereof &ith s#pportin! evidence" and shallfile the same &ith the Sheriff and the +ommission or La orAr iter &ho iss#ed the &rit of e)ec#tion.Hpon receipt ofthe third party claim" all proceedin!s" &ith respect to thee)ec#tion of the property s# %ect of s#ch claim" shalla#tomatically e s#spended.The La or Ar iter &ho iss#edthe &rit may re(#ire the third party claimant to add#ceadditional evidence in s#pport of his third party claim andto post a cash or s#rety ond e(#ivalent to the amo#nt ofhis claim" as provided for in Section of R#le I" &itho#tpre%#dice to the postin! y the prevailin! party of as#persedeas ond in an amo#nt e(#ivalent to that posted

y the third party claimant.The La or Ar iter shall resolvethe propriety of s#ch third party claim &ithin ten ,0?6

&or'in! days from s# mission of said claim for resol#tion.

. Sim#lated Sale" oid A& Ini"io

A third*party claim on a levied property does nota#tomatically prevent e)ec#tion. ;hen a third*partyclaim is filed" the sheriff is not o#nd to proceed &iththe levy of the property #nless the %#d!ment creditoror the latterPs a!ent posts an indemnity ond a!ainstthe claim. ;here the ond is filed" the remedy of thethird*party claimant is to file an independentreivindicatory action a!ainst the %#d!ment creditor orthe p#rchaser of the property at p# lic a#ction.

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Art. 331. +ontempt po&ers of the Secretary of La or.In the e)ercise of his po&ers #nder this +ode" theSecretary of La or may hold any person in direct or

indirect contempt and impose the appropriatepenalties therefor. 77777777

Title IIIB/REA/ OF LABOR RELATIONS

Art. 33 . B#rea# of La or Relations. The B#rea# ofLa or Relations and the La or Relations =ivisions inthe re!ional offices of the =epartment of La or" shallhave ori!inal and e)cl#sive a#thority to act" at theiro&n initiative or #pon re(#est of either or othparties" on all inter*#nion and intra*#nion conflicts"and all disp#tes" !rievances or pro lems arisin! fromor affectin! la or*mana!ement relations in all

&or'places" &hether a!ric#lt#ral or non*a!ric#lt#ral"e)cept those arisin! from the implementation orinterpretation of collective ar!ainin! a!reements

&hich shall e the s# %ect of !rievance proced#reandGor vol#ntary ar itration.

The B#rea# shall have fifteen ,016 &or'in! days toact on la or cases efore it" s# %ect to e)tension y



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LABOR RELATIONSa!reement of the parties. ,As amended y Section0 " Rep# lic Act No. /01" 2arch 30" 04546.

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1. BLR 4/RISDICTION

The B#rea# of La or Relations ,BLR6 no lon!erhandles 8all9 la or*mana!ement disp#tes$ rather" itsf#nctions and %#risdiction are lar!ely confined to#nion matters" collective ar!ainin! re!istry" andla or ed#cation.

Section 0 . B#rea# of La or Relations. * The B#rea# ofLa or Relations shall set policies" standards" andproced#res on the re!istration and s#pervision ofle!itimate la or #nion activities incl#din! denial"cancellation and revocation of la or #nion permits. It shallalso set policies" standards" and proced#re relatin! tocollective ar!ainin! a!reements" and the e)amination offinancial records of acco#nts of la or or!anizations todetermine compliance &ith relevant la&s.

2. INTER /NION AND INTRA /NION DISP/TES;D.O. NO. )7 7'

FInter*Hnion =isp#teF refers to any conflict et&eenand amon! le!itimate la or #nions involvin!representation (#estions for p#rposes of collective

ar!ainin! or to any other conflict or disp#teet&een le!itimate la or #nions.

FIntra*Hnion =isp#teF refers to any conflict et&eenand amon! #nion mem ers" incl#din! !rievancesarisin! from any violation of the ri!hts and conditionsof mem ership" violation of or disa!reement overany provision of the #nionPs constit#tion and y*la&s"

or disp#tes arisin! fromcharterin! or affiliation of #nion.

In interGintra*#nion disp#te the complaint may efiled y a #nion or #nion mem ers$ in a 8related la orrelations disp#te9 the complaint may e filed y aparty*in*interest &ho is not necessarily a #nion or#nion mem er.

;hether the disp#te e of the first or the secondcate!ory" the complainant or petition" if it involves anindependent #nion" a chartered local" or a &or'er sassociation" shall e filed &ith the =OLE Re!ional

Office &here the la or or!anization is re!istered. B#tif the complaint involves a federation or anind#stryGnational #nion" it shall e filed &ith the BLRitself.

3.0 =.O. No. ?*?-

The Order appears to aim the follo&in! specifico %ectives:

0. to simplify the formation and re!istration of#nions" especially chartered locals

3. to simplify and e)pedite the holdin! of certificationelections

-. to promote responsi le #nionism" partic#larly inadministration of #nion f#nds

. to a#thorize #nion mer!er" consolidation" andchan!e of name

1. to a#thorize dere!istration of collective ar!ainin!a!reements

3.3 Effect of Cendency

Section -. Effects of the filin!Gpendency of interGintra*#nionand other related la or relations disp#tes. * The ri!hts"relationships and o li!ations of the parties liti!ants a!ainsteach other and other parties*in*interest prior to theinstit#tion of the petition shall contin#e to remain d#rin!the pendency of the petition and #ntil the date of finality ofthe decision rendered therein.

3.- Appeal

Section 0 . Appeal. * The decision of the 2ed*Ar iter andRe!ional =irector may e appealed to the B#rea# y anyof the parties &ithin ten ,0?6 days from receipt thereof"copy f#rnished the opposin! party. The decision of theB#rea# =irector in the e)ercise of hisGher ori!inal

%#risdiction may e appealed to the Office of the Secretaryy any party &ithin the same period" copy f#rnished the

opposin! party.

The appeal shall e verified #nder oath and shall consistof a memorand#m of appeal specifically statin! the!ro#nds relied #pon y the appellant" &ith s#pportin!ar!#ments and evidence.

Section 0/. ;here to file appeal. * The memorand#m ofappeal shall e filed in the Re!ional Office or B#rea#

&here the complaint or petition ori!inated. ;ithin t&enty*fo#r ,3 6 ho#rs from receipt of the memorand#m ofappeal" the B#rea# or Re!ional =irector shall ca#se thetransmittal thereof to!ether &ith the entire records of thecase to the Office of the Secretary or the B#rea#" as thecase may e.

Section 05. inality of =ecision. * ;here no appeal is filed &ithin the ten*day period" the B#rea# and Re!ional=irector or 2ed*Ar iter" as the case may e" shall enterthe finality of the decision in the records of the case andca#se the immediate implementation thereof.

Section 04. Ceriod to reply. * A reply to the appeal may efiled y any party to the complaint or petition &ithin ten,0?6 days from receipt of the memorand#m of appeal. Thereply shall e filed directly &ith the B#rea# or the Office ofthe Secretary" as the case may e.

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.-- DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSSection 3?. =ecision of the B#rea#GOffice of the Secretary.* The B#rea# =irector or the Secretary" as the case may

e" shall have t&enty ,3?6 days from receipt of the entirerecords of the case &ithin &hich to decide the appeal. Thefilin! of the memorand#m of appeal from the decision ofthe 2edAr iter or Re!ional =irector and B#rea# =irectorstays the implementation of the assailed decision.

The B#rea# or Office of the Secretary may call the partiesto a clarificatory hearin! in aid of its appellate

%#risdiction.

Section 30. inality of =ecision of B#rea#GOffice of theSecretary. * The decision of the B#rea# or the Office of theSecretary shall ecome final and e)ec#tory after ten ,0?6days from receipt thereof y the parties" #nless a motionfor its reconsideration is filed y any party therein &ithinthe same period. Only one ,06 motion for reconsiderationof the decision of the B#rea# or the Office of the Secretaryin the e)ercise of their appellate %#risdiction shall eallo&ed.

Section 33. E)ec#tion of decision. * The decision of the2ed*Ar iter and Re!ional =irector shall a#tomatically e

stayed pendin! appeal &ith the B#rea#. The decision ofthe B#rea# in the e)ercise of its appellate %#risdiction shalle immediately e)ec#tory #pon iss#ance of entry of final

%#d!ment.

The decision of the B#rea# in the e)ercise of its ori!inal %#risdiction shall a#tomatically e stayed pendin! appeal &ith the Office of the Secretary. The decision of the Officeof the Secretary shall e immediately e)ec#tory #poniss#ance of entry of final %#d!ment.

'. E8TENT OF BLR A/T(ORITY

In the interest of ind#strial peace and for thepromotion of the sal#tary constit#tional o %ectives ofsocial %#stice and protection to la or" thecompetence of the !overnmental entr#sted &iths#pervision over disp#tes involvin! employers andemployees as &ell as Finter*#nion and intra*#nionconflicts"F is road and e)pensive.

). KATAR/N%AN% PA-BARAN%AY3 NOTAPPLICABLE TO LABOR DISP/TES

Cresidential =ecree No. 01?5 applies only to co#rtsof %#stice and not to la or relations commissions orla or ar itrators offices.

No"e : +onciliation*mediation is no& done y N+2not BLR.

Instead of simplifyin! la or proceedin!s desi!ned ate)peditio#s settlement or referral to the proper co#rtor office to decide it finally" the position ta'en y thepetitioner &o#ld only d#plicate the conciliationproceedin!s and #nd#ly delay the disposition of thela or case.

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Art. 33/. +ompromise a!reements. Any compromisesettlement" incl#din! those involvin! la or standardla&s" vol#ntarily a!reed #pon y the parties &ith theassistance of the B#rea# or the re!ional office of the=epartment of La or" shall e final and indin! #ponthe parties. The National La or Relations+ommission or any co#rt" shall not ass#me

%#risdiction over iss#es involved therein e)cept incase of non*compliance thereof or if there is primafacie evidence that the settlement &as o tainedthro#!h fra#d" misrepresentation" or coercion.

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1. CO-PRO-ISE A%REE-ENTS

The assistance of the BLR or the re!ional office ofthe =OLE in the e)ec#tion of a compromisesettlement is a asic re(#irement$ &itho#t it" therecan e no valid compromise settlement.

The NLR+ or any co#rt shall not ass#me %#risdictionover iss#es involved therein" e)cept:

a6 in case of noncompliance &ith the compromisea!reement" or

6 if there is $ri#a %acie evidence that the settlement &as o tained thro#!h fra#d" misrepresentation" orcoercion.

Alon! the same line" the +o#rt reiterated in 3??1:

There are le!itimate &aivers that represent a vol#ntaryand reasona le settlement of a &or'er s claim &hichsho#ld e respected y the co#rts as the la& et&een theparties. Indeed" not all (#itclaims are per se invalid ora!ainst p# lic policy" e)cept ,06 &here there is clear proofthat the &aiver &as &an!led from an #ns#spectin! or!#lli le person" or ,36 &here the terms of settlement are#nconsciona le on their faces$ in these cases" the la& &illstep in to ann#l the (#estiona le transactions. S#ch(#itclaims are re!arded as ineffective to ar the &or'ersfrom claimin! the f#ll meas#re of their le!al ri!hts.

2. FOR-AL RE /IRE-ENTS OF CO-PRO-ISEA%REE-ENT

+ompromise a!reements involvin! la or standardscases m#st e red#ced to &ritin! and si!ned in thepresence of the Re!ional =irector or his d#lya#thorized representative.

'. VALID CO-PRO-ISE AND /ITCLAI-

The la& loo's &ith disfavor #pon (#itclaims andreleases y employees &ho are invei!led orpress#red into si!nin! them y #nscr#p#lo#semployers see'in! to evade their le!alresponsi ilities. On the other hand" there are



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LABOR RELATIONSle!itimate &aivers that represent a vol#ntarysettlement of la orerPs claims that sho#ld erespected y the co#rts as the la& et&een theparties.

Not all &aivers and (#itclaims are invalid as a!ainstp# lic policy. If the a!reement &as vol#ntarilyentered into and represents a reasona lesettlement" it is indin! on the parties and may notlater e diso&ned simply eca#se of a chan!e ofmind. It is only &here there is clear proof that the

&aiver &as &an!led from an #ns#spectin! or !#lli leperson" or the terms of settlement are#nconsciona le on its face" that the la& &ill step into ann#l the (#estiona le transaction. B#t &here it issho&n that the person ma'in! the &aiver did sovol#ntarily" &ith f#ll #nderstandin! of &hat he &asdoin!" and the consideration for the (#itclaim iscredi le and reasona le" the transaction m#st ereco!nized as a valid and indin! #nderta'in!.

). CO-PRO-ISE S(O/LD BE D/LYA/T(ORI&ED

Section 4. A#thority to Bind Carty. * Attorneys and otherrepresentatives of parties shall have a#thority to ind theirclients in all matters of proced#re$ #t they cannot" &itho#ta special po&er of attorney or e)press consent" enter intoa compromise a!reement &ith the opposin! party in f#ll orpartial dischar!e of a clientPs claim.

The a#thority to compromise cannot li!htly epres#med and sho#ld e d#ly esta lished yevidence.

0. R/LIN%S ON CO-PRO-ISE SETTLE-ENTSS/--ARI&ED

5. #(EN TO EFFECT CO-PRO-ISE FINALDECISION3 NE%OTIABLE:

A compromise a!reement may e effected at anysta!e of the proceedin!s and even &hen there isalready a final and e)ec#tor %#d!ment.

+. OPTIONS #(EN CO-PRO-ISEA%REE-ENTS IS VIOLATED

Hnder Article 3? 0 of the +ivil +ode" sho#ld a party

fail or ref#se to comply &ith the terms of acompromise or amica le settlement" the other partyco#ld either: ,06 enforce the compromise y a &rit ofe)ec#tion" or ,36 re!ard it as rescinded and so insist#pon his ori!inal demand.

77777777

Art. 335. Indorsement of cases to La or Ar iters.a. E)cept as provided in para!raph , 6 of this Article"the La or Ar iter shall entertain only cases endorsedto him for comp#lsory ar itration y the B#rea# or y

the Re!ional =irector &ith a &ritten notice of s#chindorsement or non*indorsement. The indorsementor non*indorsement of the Re!ional =irector may eappealed to the B#rea# &ithin ten ,0?6 &or'in! daysfrom receipt of the notice.

. The parties may" at any time" y m#t#ala!reement" &ithdra& a case from the +onciliationSection and %ointly s# mit it to a La or Ar iter"e)cept deadloc's in collective ar!ainin!.M,Repealed

y Section 0 " Batas Cam ansa Bilan! 0-?" A#!#st30" 04506

77777777

Art. 334. Iss#ance of s# poenas. The B#rea# shallhave the po&er to re(#ire the appearance of anyperson or the prod#ction of any paper" doc#ment ormatter relevant to a la or disp#te #nder its

%#risdiction" either at the re(#est of any interestedparty or at its o&n initiative.

77777777

Art. 3-?. Appointment of #rea# personnel. TheSecretary of La or and Employment may appoint" inaddition to the present personnel of the B#rea# andthe Ind#strial Relations =ivisions" s#ch n#m er ofe)aminers and other assistants as may enecessary to carry o#t the p#rpose of the +ode. ,Asamended y Section 01" Rep# lic Act No. /01"2arch 30" 04546

77777777

Art. 3-0. Re!istry of #nions and file of collectivear!ainin! a!reements. The B#rea# shall 'eep a

re!istry of le!itimate la or or!anizations. The

B#rea# shall also maintain a file of all collectivear!ainin! a!reements and other relateda!reements and records of settlement of la ordisp#tes and copies of orders and decisions ofvol#ntary ar itrators. The file shall e open andaccessi le to interested parties #nder conditionsprescri ed y the Secretary of La or andEmployment" provided that no specific informations# mitted in confidence shall e disclosed #nlessa#thorized y the Secretary" or &hen it is at iss#e inany %#dicial liti!ation" or &hen p# lic interest ornational sec#rity so re(#ires.

;ithin thirty ,-?6 days from the e)ec#tion of a+ollective Bar!ainin! A!reement" the parties shalls# mit copies of the same directly to the B#rea# orthe Re!ional Offices of the =epartment of La or andEmployment for re!istration" accompanied &ithverified proofs of its postin! in t&o conspic#o#splaces in the place of &or' and ratification y thema%ority of all the &or'ers in the ar!ainin! #nit. TheB#rea# or Re!ional Offices shall act #pon theapplication for re!istration of s#ch +ollectiveBar!ainin! A!reement &ithin five ,16 calendar days



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LABOR RELATIONSfrom receipt thereof. The Re!ional Offices shallf#rnish the B#rea# &ith a copy of the +ollectiveBar!ainin! A!reement &ithin five ,16 days from itss# mission.

The B#rea# or Re!ional Office shall assess theemployer for every +ollective Bar!ainin! A!reementa re!istration fee of not less than one tho#sandpesos ,C0"???.??6 or in any other amo#nt as may edeemed appropriate and necessary y the Secretaryof La or and Employment for the effective andefficient administration of the ol#ntary Ar itrationCro!ram. Any amo#nt collected #nder this provisionshall accr#e to the Special ol#ntary Ar itration

#nd.

The B#rea# shall also maintain a file and shall#nderta'e or assist in the p# lication of all finaldecisions" orders and a&ards of the Secretary ofLa or and Employment" Re!ional =irectors and the+ommission. ,As amended y Section 01" Rep# licAct No. /01" 2arch 30" 04546

77777777

RE%ISTRY OF /NIONS AND CBA,

The B#rea# shall 'eep a re!istry of le!itimate la oror!anizations.

The B#rea# shall also maintain a file of all +ollectiveBar!ainin! A!reements ,+BAs6 and other relateda!reements.

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Art. 3-3. Crohi ition on certification election. The

B#rea# shall not entertain any petition forcertification election or any other action &hich maydist#r the administration of d#ly re!istered e)istin!collective ar!ainin! a!reements affectin! theparties e)cept #nder Articles 31-" 31-*A and 31 ofthis +ode. ,As amended y Section 01" Rep# lic ActNo. /01" 2arch 30" 04546

77777777

T(E CONTRACT BAR R/LE

Article 3-3 spea's of the contract* ar r#le &hichmeans that &hile a valid and re!istered +BA iss# sistin!" the B#rea# is not allo&ed to hold anelection contestin! the ma%ority stat#s of theinc#m ent #nion. The e)istence of the +BA does notallo&" that is" it ars" the holdin! of the inter*#nionelectoral contest. The election is le!ally allo&ed"says Art. 31 " only d#rin! the 8freedom period9 &hichrefers to the last ? days of the fifth year of a +BA.

The o %ective of the r#le" o vio#sly" is to minimize#nion 8politic'in!9 #ntil the proper time comes.

77777777

Art. 3--. Crivile!ed comm#nication. Information andstatements made at conciliation proceedin!s shall

e treated as privile!ed comm#nication and shall note #sed as evidence in the +ommission.

+onciliators and similar officials shall not testify inany co#rt or ody re!ardin! any matters ta'en #p atconciliation proceedin!s cond#cted y them.

77777777

Title IVLABOR OR%ANI&ATIONS

Chapter IRE%ISTRATION AND CANCELLATION

Art. 3- . Re(#irements of Re!istration. * Afederation" national #nion or ind#stry or trade #nioncenter or an independent #nion shall ac(#ire le!alpersonality and shall e entitled to the ri!hts andprivile!es !ranted y la& to le!itimate la oror!anizations #pon iss#ance of the certificate ofre!istration ased on the follo&in! re(#irements:

,a6 ifty pesos ,C1?.??6 re!istration fee$

, 6 The names of its officers" their addresses" theprincipal address of the la or or!anization" themin#tes of the or!anizational meetin!s and the list ofthe &or'ers &ho participated in s#ch meetin!s$

,c6 In case the applicant is an independent #nion"the names of all its mem ers comprisin! at leastt&enty percent ,3?U6 of all the employees in the

ar!ainin! #nit &here it see's to operate$

,d6 If the applicant #nion has een in e)istence forone or more years" copies of its ann#al financialreports$ and

,e6 o#r copies of the constit#tion and y*la&s of theapplicant #nion" min#tes of its adoption orratification" and the list of the mem ers &hoparticipated in it. ,As amended y Rep# lic Act No.4 50" 2ay 31" 3??/6

77777777

Art. 3- *A. +harterin! and +reation of a Local+hapter. * A d#ly re!istered federation or national#nion may directly create a local chapter y iss#in!a charter certificate indicatin! the esta lishment ofthe local chapter. The chapter shall ac(#ire le!alpersonality only for p#rposes of filin! a petition forcertification election from the date it &as iss#ed acharter certificate.

The chapter shall e entitled to all other ri!hts andprivile!es of a le!itimate la or or!anization only



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LABOR RELATIONS#pon the s# mission of the follo&in! doc#ments inaddition to its charter certificate:

,a6 The names of the chapterPs officers" theiraddresses" and the principal office of the chapter$and

, 6 The chapterPs constit#tion and y*la&s: Crovided"That &here the chapterPs constit#tion and y*la&sare the same as that of the federation or the national#nion" this fact shall e indicated accordin!ly.

The additional s#pportin! re(#irements shall ecertified #nder oath y the secretary or treas#rer ofthe chapter and attested y its president.

77777777

Art. 3-1. Action on application. The B#rea# shall acton all applications for re!istration &ithin thirty ,-?6days from filin!.

All re(#isite doc#ments and papers shall e certified#nder oath y the secretary or the treas#rer of theor!anization" as the case may e" and attested to yits president.

77777777

Art. 3- . =enial of re!istration$ appeal. The decisionof the La or Relations =ivision in the re!ional officedenyin! re!istration may e appealed y theapplicant #nion to the B#rea# &ithin ten ,0?6 daysfrom receipt of notice thereof.

77777777

Art. 3-/. Additional re(#irements for federations or

national #nions. S# %ect to Article 3-5" if theapplicant for re!istration is a federation or a national#nion" it shall" in addition to the re(#irements of theprecedin! Articles" s# mit the follo&in!:

a. Croof of the affiliation of at least ten ,0?6 locals orchapters" each of &hich m#st e a d#ly reco!nizedcollective ar!ainin! a!ent in the esta lishment orind#stry in &hich it operates" s#pportin! there!istration of s#ch applicant federation or national#nion$ and

. The names and addresses of the companies &here the locals or chapters operate and the list ofall the mem ers in each company involved.

77777777

Art. 3-5. +onditions for re!istration of federations ornational #nions. No federation or national #nion shall

e re!istered to en!a!e in any or!anization activityin more than one ind#stry in any area or re!ion" andno federation or national #nion shall e re!istered toen!a!e in any or!anizational activity in more thanone ind#stry all over the co#ntry.

The federation or national #nion &hich meets there(#irements and conditions herein prescri ed mayor!anize and affiliate locals and chapters &itho#tre!isterin! s#ch locals or chapters &ith the B#rea#.

Locals or chapters shall have the same ri!hts andprivile!es as if they &ere re!istered in the B#rea#"provided that s#ch federation or national #nionor!anizes s#ch locals or chapters &ithin its assi!nedor!anizational field of activity as may e prescri ed

y the Secretary of La or.

The B#rea# shall see to it that federations andnational #nions shall only or!anize locals andchapters &ithin a specific ind#stry or #nion.M,Repealed y E)ec#tive Order No. 000" =ecem er3 " 045 6

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1. LABOR OR%ANI&ATION T#O BROADP/RPOSES

A 8la or or!anization9 is not al&ays a #nion$ it maye an 8association of employees.9 And" the p#rpose

is not only or necessarily 8collective ar!ainin!9 #talso dealin! &ith employers concernin! terms andconditions of employment.

FLa or Or!anizationF refers to any #nion orassociation of employees in the private sector &hiche)ists in &hole or in part for the p#rpose of collective

ar!ainin!" m#t#al aid" interest" cooperation"protection" or other la&f#l p#rposes.

FLe!itimate La or Or!anizationF refers to any la oror!anization in the private sector re!istered orreported &ith the =epartment in accordance &ithR#les III and I of these R#les.

FHnionF refers to any la or or!anization in the privatesector or!anized for collective ar!ainin! and forother le!itimate p#rposes.

;e sho#ld note that not every #nion is 8le!itimate$9only those properly re!istered are considered LLO.B#t non*re!istration does not mean it is 8ille!itimate$9it simply is #nre!istered and has no le!al personality.It e)ists le!ally #t does not possess the ri!hts of anLLO.

FE)cl#sive Bar!ainin! RepresentativeF refers to ale!itimate la or #nion d#ly reco!nized or certified asthe sole and e)cl#sive ar!ainin! representative ora!ent of all the employees in a ar!ainin! #nit.

F;or'ersP AssociationF refers to an association of &or'ers or!anized for the m#t#al aid and protection

Az#cena" +esario Alvero @r. ,3??/6. THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES , ol. II6 . #ezon +ity: Re) Crintin! +ompany" Inc.-/ DC L A T O N


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LABOR RELATIONSof its mem ers or for any le!itimate p#rpose otherthan collective ar!ainin!.

FLe!itimate ;or'ersP AssociationF refers to anassociation of &or'ers or!anized for m#t#al aid andprotection of its mem ers or for any le!itimatep#rpose other than collective ar!ainin! re!istered

&ith the =epartment in accordance &ith R#le III"Sections 3*+ and 3*= of these R#les.

0.0 =istinction Bet&een 8+ollective Bar!ainin!9 and8=ealin! &ith Employer9

To ar!ain collectively is a ri!ht that may eac(#ired y a la or or!anization after re!isterin!itself &ith the =epartment of La or and Employmentand after ein! reco!nized or certified y =OLE asthe e)cl#sive ar!ainin! representative ,EBR6 of theemployees.

=ealin! &ith employer" on the other hand" is a!eneric description of interaction et&een employerand employees concernin! !rievances" &a!es" &or'ho#rs and other terms and conditions ofemployment" even if the employee s !ro#p is notre!istered &ith the =epartment of La or andEmployment.

2. CLASSIFICATION OF LABOROR%ANI&ATIONS

FNational HnionG ederationF means any la oror!anization &ith at least ten ,0?6 locals or chapterseach of &hich m#st e a d#ly reco!nized collective

ar!ainin! a!ent.

8Ind#stry Hnion9 means any !ro#p of le!itimate la oror!anizations operatin! &ithin an identified ind#stry"or!anized for collective ar!ainin! or for dealin! &ithemployers concernin! terms and conditions ofemployment &ithin an ind#stry" or for participatin! inthe form#lation of social and employment policies"standards and pro!rams in s#ch ind#stry" &hich isd#ly re!istered &ith the =epartment. =.O. No. ?*?-"ho&ever" does not carry this term and this definition"altho#!h #nder R#le III" Section 3*B" 8la oror!anizations operatin! &ithin an identified ind#strymay also apply for re!istration as a federation ornational #nion &ithin the specified ind#stry ys# mittin! to the B#rea# the same set of doc#ments,as re(#ired of federations and national #nions.69

8Trade Hnion +enter9 means any !ro#p of re!isterednational #nions or federations or!anized for them#t#al aid and protection of its mem ers" forassistin! s#ch mem ers in collective ar!ainin!" orfor participatin! in the form#lation of social andemployment policies" standards and pro!rams"

&hich is d#ly re!istered &ith the =epartment.

An 8alliance9 is an a!!re!ation of #nions e)istin! inone line of ind#stry" or in a con!lomerate" a !ro#p offranchises" a !eo!raphical area" or an ind#strialcenter.

A 8company*#nion9 is a la or or!anization &hich" in &hole or in part" is employer*controlled or employer*denominated. Article 3 5,d6 prohi its ein! acompany #nion.

3.0 Hnions at Enterprise Level

A la or #nion at the enterprise level may e createdeither y ,a6 independent re!istration or , 6charterin!. Independent re!istration is o tained ythe #nion or!anizers in an enterprise thro#!h theiro&n action instead of thro#!h iss#ance of a charter

y a federation or national #nion. An independent#nion has a le!al personality of its o&n not derivedfrom that of a federation.

FIndependent HnionF refers to a la or or!anizationoperatin! at the enterprise level that ac(#ired le!alpersonality thro#!h independent re!istration #nder Article3- of the La or +ode and R#le III" Section 3*A of theseR#les.

+harterin!" on the other hand" ta'es place &hen ad#ly re!istered federation or national #nion iss#e acharter to a #nion in an enterprise and re!isters thecreation of the chapter &ith the Re!ional Office

&here the applicants operates. The #nion recipientof the charter s called a chapter or local or charteredlocal. Its le!al personality is derived from thefederationG national #nion #t it may s# se(#entlyre!ister itself independently.

'. RE%ISTRATION RATIONALE

A la or or!anization may e re!istered or not. Ifre!istered &ith =OLE" it is considered 8le!itimatela or or!anization9 ,LLO6. B#t the reverse #s nottr#e" that is" a la or or!anization is not 8ille!itimate9

%#st eca#se it is #nre!istered. It is still la&f#lor!anization and can deal &ith the employer" #t ithas no le!al personality to demand collective

ar!ainin! &ith the employer. It cannot petition for acertification election and cannot hold a le!al stri'e.

Re!istration is merely a condition ine *ua non forthe ac(#isition of le!al personality y la oror!anizations" associations or #nions and thepossession of the ri!hts and privile!es !ranted yla& to le!itimate la or or!anizations.

S#ch re(#irement is a valid e)ercise of the policepo&er" eca#se the activities in &hich la oror!anizations" associations and #nion of &or'ers are



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LABOR RELATIONSen!a!ed affect p# lic interest" &hich sho#ld eprotected.

-.0 Effect of Re!istration Hnder the +orporation La&

A la or or!anization may e or!anized #nder the+orporation La& as a non*stoc' corporation andiss#ed a certificate of incorporation y the Sec#ritiesand E)chan!e +ommission. B#t s#ch incorporationhas only the effect of !ivin! to it %#ridical personality

efore re!#lar co#rts of %#stice. S#ch incorporationdoes not !rant the ri!hts and privile!es of ale!itimate la or or!anization.

). #(ERE TO RE%ISTER

Applications for re!istration of independent la or#nions" chartered locals" and &or'er s associationshall e filed &ith the Re!ional Office &here theapplicant principally operates.

If the Re!ional Office denies the application" thedenial is appeala le to the B#rea# and from there tothe +o#rt of Appeals ,not to the Secretary of La or6if proper !ro#nds e)ist.

0. RE%ISTRATION RE /IRE-ENTS

1.0 Independent La or Hnion

Section 3. Re(#irements for application. * A. Theapplication for re!istration of an independent la or #nionshall e accompanied y the follo&in! doc#ments:

,a6 the name of the applicant la or #nion" its principaladdress" the name of its officers and their respectiveaddresses" appro)imate n#m er of employees in the

ar!ainin! #nit &here it see's to operate" &ith a statementthat it is not reported as a chartered local of any federationor national #nion$

, 6 the min#tes of the or!anizational meetin!,s6 and thelist of employees &ho participated in the said meetin!,s6$

,c6 the name of all its mem ers comprisin! at least 3?U ofthe employees in the ar!ainin! #nit$

,d6 the ann#al financial reports if the applicant has een ine)istence for one or more years" #nless it has notcollected any amo#nt from the mem ers" in &hich case astatement to this effect shall e incl#ded in the application$

,e6 the applicantPs constit#tion and y*la&s" min#tes of itsadoption or ratification" and the

labor relations azucena vols1 2

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