labels goldberg
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Labeling:The Elusive Missing Basic
David E. GoldbergIllinois Foundry for Innovation in Engineering Education University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, Illinois 61801 [email protected]
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Motivation
• When missing basics listed, people look at list and ask, “What do you mean by labeling?”
• Very important to learn names of components, subsystems & systems of technology.
• Important to assign labels to patterns in data or new systems.• Use and assignment of terms such a commonplace don’t even
notice.• Sometimes think that equations and numbers are the only
tech objects worth knowing.• Sensitivity to names and labels critical to becoming great
engineer.
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Roadmap
• Socrates, Aristotle & all that.• Connection to Back of the Napkin.• Importance of learning tech names & how.• Senior design example.• Assigning labels: How & why.• Senior design revisited.• Made to Stick.• The construction of engineering reality.
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Socrates and Dialectic
• Socrates was a pain in the neck.• Walked around Athens asking
everyone impossible questions.• Then proved their answers were
wrong, but rarely gave an answer himself.
• Nonetheless, Socrates’s method was useful.
• Dialectic (continuing sequence of questions & answers) trying to probe what & how things really are (or might be). Socrates (470-399 BCE)
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Connection to the Napkin
• Six ways of seeing:– Objects: who & what?– Quantity: how many &
how much?– Position in space:
where?– Position in time: when?– Influence & cause:
how?– Purpose or meaning:
why?
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Aristotle and Labeling/Categorization
• Called The Philosopher.• Amazing range & scope.• Created basic categories of
college curriculum.• Founded a school the Lyceum.• We have 1/3 his output (2000
pages in 30 books).• Categories (10): substance,
quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, state, action, and passion. Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
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Names & Labels
• Names as conventional terms used to identify something.
• Labels as tentative naming of phenomenon as part of criticial/creative process.
• Time + social acceptance: label name.• Consider
– Extant tech names.– Labeling of new/unknown phenomena.
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Connection to the Napkin
• How does Dan Roam start?
• With a circle and a label or name.
• Back of the Napkin is as much about names/labels as about diagrams/pictures.
• Words and pictures are interrelated.
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Where to Find Names of Tech Objects
• Books: New Way Things Work
• Encyclopedia: www.accessscience.com
• Web: www.howstuffworks.com
• Catalogs: www.grainger.com www.alliedelec.com
• Trade press: www.entertainmentengineering.com www.foodengineeringmag.com
• Thomas directory: www.thomasnet.com
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Example from Senior Design
• Tortilla line.• Was using too much “dusting flour.”• Problem: expensive (flour price had risen),
maintenance, quality of product.• Students go to plant.• Don’t know the names of things, but need them
to explain process.
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Mixer11
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Flour Dusters12
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Die Cutter13
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Labeling
• Want terms that are – Descriptive– Memorable
• Why is this important?– Focuses attention on thing named.– Saves time in reference to the phenomenon.– Starting point for further modeling.– Permits easy social spread of the concept.
• Examples from news, politics & business. • List iFoundry terms and consider whether they are descriptive
and memorable.
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Critical Examination of iFoundry Terms
• “Category creator” vs. “category enhancer”• “Missing basics”• “Cold war engineer”• “Missed revolutions”• Are they descriptive?• Do they have rhetorical intent beyond their
function? Approbation, opprobrium, or other values.
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Abbreviations, Acronyms & Initialisms
• 3 terms:– Abbreviation: shortening of word or phrase.– Acronym: abbreviation that can be pronounced as a word.– Initialism: abbreviation formed from initial letters of words.
• Engineering uses abbreviations as shorthand for longer term.• Abbreviation: iFoundry (Illinois Foundry for Innovation in Engineering
Education).• Acronym examples: SNAFU (situation normal all fouled up), BASIC (Beginner's
All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code).• Initialism examples: Background, purpose, roadmap: BPR (background,
purpose, roadmap), CSL (Coordinated Science Laboratory). • Rules of usage: lower case for term unless it is a proper name.• Use of an abbreviation can signal an important label or local term of art.• Example: The missing basics (MBs) are important to an engineer’s education.
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Return to Tortilla Problem
• Labeling as initial step in solution.
• Recall problem was too much dusting flour.
• What names might we assign to this problem?
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A Model of Ideas that Stick
• Sticky: understandable, memorable & effective in changing thought or action.
• Made to Stick model:– Simple– Unexpected– Concrete– Credible– Emotional– Stories
• Forms acronym SUCCES.
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The Construction of Engineering Reality• Engineers think of physics and material
world.• All engineered objects are social.• Searle’s, The Construction of Social
Reality (Free Press, 1995), explains. • Helps us understand social and
institutional facts, separate physics from the social.
• Engineered objects are always observer relative.
• Some engineered objects “institutional” in that we must believe they exist for them to exist: E-bay.
John R. Searle (b. 1932)
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Bottom Line
• Names and labeling are so commonplace in language, they’re hidden (in plain sight).
• Engineering school spends little time on the names of things. You should do otherwise.
• Labeling is a critical step in further inquiry.• Label may be enough of a model, or more
modeling may be necessary.• Knowing names and labeling are first steps to
better understanding and better engineering.
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Labeling:The Elusive Missing Basic
David E. GoldbergIllinois Foundry for Innovation in Engineering Education University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, Illinois 61801 [email protected]