Lab Review

Lab SafetyExercises 1-7

Lab Safety

Name and Explain the 9 rules of Laboratory Set-up.

Name and Explain the 6 rules of Laboratory Clean-up

Exercise 1: The Microscope What was the purpose of the exercise? Explain how each part of the microscope works.

Light source Condenser Knob Iris diaphragm Stage Slide clip Stage adjustment knobs (lower, upper) Objectives Revolving nose piece Body tube Ocular Base Diaphragm lever

Exercise 1 cont.

How do you focus the microscope? 1. 2. 3. 4. Then, 5. 6. & up

Exercise 1 cont.

Important calculations Total magnification

DefinitionFormulaCalculate the Total

magnification for:• Ocular power 55• Ocular power 26• Ocular power 101

Exercise 1 cont.

Cont. Important Calculations Resolving Power

DefinitionFormulaCalculate Resolving Power:

• Numerical Aperture 0.28• Numerical Aperture 0.0051• Numerical Aperture 32.6

Exercise 1 cont.

Define the following terms Field of view Parfocal Resolving Power binocular Condenser Brightfield Iris diaphragm

Exercise 2: Observation of Microorganisms

What is the purpose of the exercise?

Define microorganisms Name the two divisions

of microorganisms Describe the

characteristics of an Eukaryote

Describe the characteristics of a Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes

Protozoans Algae

Class Sarcodina

Class Mastigophora

Class Ciliophora

Class Chlorophyta

Class Bacillariophyta

Class Euglenophyco

phyta

Exercise 2 cont.

What are the characteristics of the protozoans?

What are the characteristics of the Class Sarcodina?

Give an example of a member of the Class Sarcodina (hint: see picture)

Describe the characteristics of the Class Mastigophora

Give an example (hint: see picture) Characteristics of this

microorganism How do you contract

this microorganisms? What are the

symptoms?

Exercise 2 cont.

Give another example of the Class Mastigophora (Hint: see picture)

Characteristics of this microorganism

Exercise 2 cont.

Describe the characteristics of the class Ciliophora

Give an example (hint: see picture)

Exercise 2 cont.

Describe the characteristics of the Algae

Describe the characteristics of the Class Chlorophyta Give an example

(hint: see picture)

Exercise 2 cont.

Describe the characteristics of the Class Bacillariophyta

Give an example (hint: see picture)

Exercise 2 cont.

Describe the characteristics of the Class Euglenophycophyta

Give an example (hint: see picture)

Exercise 2 cont.

Exercise 2 cont.

Prokaryotes

Eubacteria

Cyanobacteria

Describe Characteristics of Eubacterias

Describe charcteristics of Cyanobacterium

Give an example (hint: see picture) Give some characteristics

of this microorganism

Exercise 2 cont.

Give another example of Cyanobacterium (hint: see picture) Give some

characteristics of this microorganism

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical arrangement of Staphylococcus aureus.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows typical characteristics of Streptococcus spp.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture describe the typical characteristics of Micrococcus luteus.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical characteristics of Listeria spp.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture show the characteristics of Neiseria gonorrheae.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical characteristics of Acinetobacter spp.

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical characteristics of E coli

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical characteristics of Haemophillus influenzae

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical charcteristics of Vibrio cholerae

List the characteristics shown

Exercise 2 cont.

Thin Needle shape of FusiobacteriumWhat characteristics are shown in the

picture?

Exercise 2 cont.

The picture shows the typical shape of Leptospira spp.

What is it?

Exercise 2 cont.

Exercise 3: Preparing Bacterial Media

Describe the purpose of this exercise

What is a fastidious heterotrophs?

What are the ingredients of the Trypticase Soy agar?

Exercise 3 cont.

What is agar?What are the

characteristics of the agar?

What is a buffer?What is the

importance of the buffer?

Exercise 3 cont.

Calculate the amount of agar needed If you wish to make 800 ml of agar and the

directions on the bottle call for 30 gr/L

If you wish to make 45 ml of agar and the directions on the bottle call for 25.3 gr/L

If you wish to make 2L of agar and the directions on the bottle call for 33 gr/L

Exercise 4: Ubiquity of Microorganisms

Give the purpose of this exercise

What is the purpose of swabing an area of the Petri dish with sterile water only? What does it mean if there is growth in this area?

Why we did not swab an area of the agar plate? What does it mean if there is growth in this area?

Exercise 4 cont.

Why are plates incubated in the inverted position?

Why do we incubated plates at 37C?

Exercise 5: Morphological Study and Simple Stain

Describe the purpose of this exercise

Define the term colony and give some characteristics of a colony

Why we use dyes or stains?

Exercise 5 cont.

Explain what is a Cationic Dye and give some examples

Explain what is an Anionic Dye and give an example

Give the procedure for preparing a smear for staining

Exercise 6: Gram Stain

What is the purpose of the exercise?

Define differential stain and give an example

Explain the procedure for Gram stain

Compare Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria

Exercise 6 cont.

Explain the theory behind gram staining

Which stain is the primary stain in the Gram stain?

Which stain is the secondary stain in the Gram stain?

What is the purpose of the iodine in the Gram stain?

What is the purpose of the alcohol in the Gram stain?

Exercise 7: Aseptic Technique

Describe the purpose of the exercise.

Define the following terms: pure culture medium sterile medium inoculum aseptic technique

Exercise 7 cont.

Describe the procedure for aseptic removal of microorganisms

Describe the aseptic transfer of microorganisms

Describe the procedure for inoculation of an agar stab

Describe the procedure for inoculation of an agar slant

Describe the procedure for inoculation of an agar plate