lab and chemical safety

8/2/2019 Lab and Chemical Safety

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Safety in Laboratory &

Chemical Safety

Assoc Prof Dr. Ir. Nassereldeen AhmedKabbashi


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Safe lab environments are dependent upon both you

and your colleagues. Everyone must work together to

ensure the safety of yourself, your colleagues, and

your students.

Because laboratories involve numerous chemicals,

procedures, and operations, they require extensivesafety precautions. This course provides an overview

of some of the safety precautions you can practice in

order to create a safe lab environment.


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Emergency Plan

Take note of the location of the: Safety Showers

Safety Eye Washes

Emergency Exits

Fire Extinguishers

Emergency Electrical

Cutoff Switch


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Continue..

Knowing the emergency action plan and thelocation of safety equipment could prevent a

minor emergency from turning into a major

emergency.


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General rules to follow when handling

glassware

Accidents involving glassware are the leading

cause of laboratory injuries.

To reduce the chance of cuts or punctures, use

common sense when working with glassware.


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Continue..

Prevent damage to glassware during handling and storage.Inspect glassware before and after each use. Discard or repair

any cracked, broken, or damaged glassware.Thoroughly clean and decontaminate glassware after each

use.When inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers, corks, or

tubing, follow these guidelines: Use adequate hand protection.

Lubricate the tubing.

Hold hands close together to minimize movement if the glass breaks.Never use laboratory glassware to serve food or drinks


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Guidelines for disposing of broken glass

Do not pick up broken glass with bare orunprotected hands.

Use a brush and dust pan to clean up broken

glass.Remove broken glass in sinks by using tongs

for large pieces and cotton held by tongs for

small pieces and slivers.Place all the recovered broken glass into thebroken glass container.


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CHEMICAL

STORAGE

AREA

Continue:Continue:


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ChemicalChemical

ProcurementProcurement

ChemicalChemical

ProcurementProcurement


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BeforeBefore chemicals are ordered, the following questions should be considered:chemicals are ordered, the following questions should be considered:

What is the minimum

quantity needed

to complete the experiment?

ChemicalChemical

ProcurementProcurementWhat is the least hazardous

chemical available that can be

used?

Is the chemical alreadyavailable? Check yourlaboratory chemical

inventory.

How should the

chemical be stored?

Is the laboratory

equipped to handle

a spill?

Are personnel trained on

how to safely handle the

chemical?

CHEMICAL

STORAGE

AREA
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~trl/group/osulogo_red_grey.gif


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ChemicalChemical

StorageStorage

ChemicalChemical

StorageStorage


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This section will first discuss general considerationsThis section will first discuss general considerationsand requirements for chemical storage.and requirements for chemical storage.

Next, it will provide specific information for theNext, it will provide specific information for thestorage of chemicals by hazard class.storage of chemicals by hazard class.

Chemical StorageChemical Storage


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There must be an inventory list of hazardous chemicalsThere must be an inventory list of hazardous chemicals

as defined in Chemical Hygiene Plan.as defined in Chemical Hygiene Plan.

Chemical containers must be labeled with a minimumChemical containers must be labeled with a minimumof chemical name, hazard warnings and target organs.of chemical name, hazard warnings and target organs.

Containers shall be dated when received and opened.Containers shall be dated when received and opened.Accompanying material safety data sheets must be kept.Accompanying material safety data sheets must be kept.

Chemical Storage-Chemical Storage-RequirementsRequirements


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Chemical StorageChemical Storage

Plan ahead for spills, accidents or emergencies.Plan ahead for spills, accidents or emergencies.

Be aware of special storage conditions such asBe aware of special storage conditions such as

temperature, relative humidity or limited shelf life.temperature, relative humidity or limited shelf life.

Segregate chemicals by hazard class or compatibility.Segregate chemicals by hazard class or compatibility.

GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:


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If available, use ventilated cabinets for volatileIf available, use ventilated cabinets for volatile

toxics and odoriferous chemicals.toxics and odoriferous chemicals.

Use approved flammable storage cabinets forUse approved flammable storage cabinets for

flammable liquids.flammable liquids.

Use secondary containers or trays for corrosivesUse secondary containers or trays for corrosives

and toxic solvents.and toxic solvents.

Chemical StorageChemical StorageGeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:GeneralGeneralConsiderations:Considerations:


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When refrigerating flammables,When refrigerating flammables, onlyonly use refrigeratorsuse refrigeratorsspecifically designed for flammable materials.specifically designed for flammable materials.

DoDo notnot store food in chemical storage refrigerators.store food in chemical storage refrigerators.

Label chemical storage refrigerators with the following:Label chemical storage refrigerators with the following:

No FoodNo Food Chemical Storage Only Chemical Storage Only



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Avoid storing liquid chemicals above eye level.Avoid storing liquid chemicals above eye level.

Avoid storing chemicals in aisle ways.Avoid storing chemicals in aisle ways.Avoid over stocking shelves.Avoid over stocking shelves.

Avoid storing heavy containers above shoulder level.Avoid storing heavy containers above shoulder level.

Avoid storing chemicals in fume hoods or on counter tops.Avoid storing chemicals in fume hoods or on counter tops.

Avoid storing chemicals near sources of heat or in directAvoid storing chemicals near sources of heat or in direct

sunshine.sunshine.



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At a minimum, chemicals should be segregated as:At a minimum, chemicals should be segregated as:

Chemical Storage Chemical Storage

Hazard ClassHazard ClassCorrosivesCorrosives

Flammable LiquidsFlammable Liquids

OxidizersOxidizers

Poisons or Toxic ChemicalsPoisons or Toxic Chemicals

Reactive (water or time sensitive)Reactive (water or time sensitive)


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Store concentrated acids and bases separately.Store concentrated acids and bases separately.

Keep corrosives away from organic chemicals andKeep corrosives away from organic chemicals andcombustible materials.combustible materials.

Use secondary catch basins for concentrated acidsUse secondary catch basins for concentrated acidsand bases.and bases.

Chemical Storage Chemical Storage CorrCorrosivessives

OHOH--HH++


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The Ohio Fire Code regulates storage based onThe Ohio Fire Code regulates storage based on

occupancy, classification, building construction,occupancy, classification, building construction,

availability of flammable storage cabinets, quantitiesavailability of flammable storage cabinets, quantitiesand location of the laboratory.and location of the laboratory. Appendix JAppendix J of theof the

chemical hygiene plan provides a summary of the firechemical hygiene plan provides a summary of the fire

codes. Contact thecodes. Contact the Department of Public SafetyDepartment of Public Safety (7-(7-

6300) for assistance with the interpretation of the fire6300) for assistance with the interpretation of the firecodes.codes.

ChemicalChemical

Storage Storage
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdfhttp://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://69.42.73.66/netfu/tmp10020/coollogo_com_321052124.gifhttp://userv1.police.ohio-state.edu/http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/appxj.pdf


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Store oxidizers away from flammable and combustibleStore oxidizers away from flammable and combustiblematerials.materials.

Store oxidizers away from reducing agents.Store oxidizers away from reducing agents.

Maintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofMaintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofunneeded material immediately.unneeded material immediately.

See tableSee table 1212 of the chemical hygiene plan for a partial list ofof the chemical hygiene plan for a partial list ofoxidizers.oxidizers.

Chemical Storage Chemical Storage xidizersxidizers
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table12-11-01.pdf


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Store highly toxic materials in a dedicated storage fume hood.Store highly toxic materials in a dedicated storage fume hood.

Maintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose ofMaintain the minimum quantity needed and dispose of

unneeded material immediately.unneeded material immediately.

Store in unbreakable containers or use secondary containers.Store in unbreakable containers or use secondary containers.

Label storage areas with designated area signs.Label storage areas with designated area signs.

See tablesSee tables 99,, 1010,, 1111 andand 1313 of the chemical hygiene plan forof the chemical hygiene plan forpartial lists of toxic chemicals, carcinogens and reproductivepartial lists of toxic chemicals, carcinogens and reproductivetoxins.toxins.

Chemical StorageChemical Storage ToTo

ic Chemicalsic Chemicals
http://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table13-11-01.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table11-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table10-11-00.pdfhttp://www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/docs/labsafe/Table9.pdf


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Consult the MSDS and labels for storage information.Consult the MSDS and labels for storage information.

Bring only quantities needed for immediate use into theBring only quantities needed for immediate use into the

laboratory.laboratory.

Date all reactive chemicals as soon as they are received.Date all reactive chemicals as soon as they are received.

Do not open material after the expiration date.Do not open material after the expiration date.


ReactiveReactive


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Store pyrophoric chemicals away from flammables.

Store perchloric acid away from reducing agents.

Store perchloric acid bottles in glass or ceramic trays.

Store peroxidizable materials away from heat and light.


ReactiveReactive
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Store water reactive chemicals away from allStore water reactive chemicals away from all

sources of water or in water tight containers.sources of water or in water tight containers.

Store thermally unstable chemicals in approvedStore thermally unstable chemicals in approvedrefrigerators.refrigerators.

Consider explosion relief boxes for highly sensitiveConsider explosion relief boxes for highly sensitivematerials.materials.

Restrict access to the storage area.Restrict access to the storage area.


ReactiveReactive


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ChemicalChemical

TransportingTransporting

ChemicalChemical

TransportingTransporting


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If chemicals are transferred to a second container, make

sure the new container is labeled with the chemical name.

Use secondary containers, with handles, made of rubber,plastic or metal.

Secondary containers should be large enough to contain all

of the chemical contents.

Transporting ChemicalsTransporting Chemicals


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Make sure the pathway is clear of obstructions and tripping hazards.Make sure the pathway is clear of obstructions and tripping hazards.

Plan ahead for spills.Plan ahead for spills.

Transport only the quantity needed to complete the experiment.Transport only the quantity needed to complete the experiment.

Use sturdy carts when transporting heavy containers or transportingUse sturdy carts when transporting heavy containers or transporting

over long distances.over long distances.

Transporting ChemicalsTransporting Chemicals


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ChemicalChemical

ManipulationManipulation

ChemicalChemical

ManipulationManipulation


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Be familiar with chemical properties and products of chemicalBe familiar with chemical properties and products of chemicalreactions.reactions.

Be prepared for chemical spills and clean up spills immediately.Be prepared for chemical spills and clean up spills immediately.

Plan ahead have apparatus and associated equipment readyPlan ahead have apparatus and associated equipment ready

before chemicals are used.before chemicals are used.

Use the appropriate equipment, such as funnels, beakers andUse the appropriate equipment, such as funnels, beakers and

spatulas when transferring chemicals.spatulas when transferring chemicals.

Chemical ManipulationChemical Manipulation


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Use chemical fume hoods to control exposure as chemicals areUse chemical fume hoods to control exposure as chemicals aretransferred.transferred.

Use chemical fume hoods to control exposure duringUse chemical fume hoods to control exposure during

the experiment.the experiment.

Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (chemicalWear the appropriate personal protective equipment (chemical

splash goggles, gloves, etc.).splash goggles, gloves, etc.).

Have disposal containers ready ahead of time.Have disposal containers ready ahead of time.

Chemical ManipulationChemical Manipulation


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ChemicalChemicalDisposal &Disposal &

RecyclingRecycling

ChemicalChemicalDisposal &Disposal &

RecyclingRecycling


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Chemical Hygiene Plan

Objectives

Reduce number of lab accidents

Achieve OSHA compliance


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What categories of

chemicals are is use?


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Purpose and Policy

Purpose:

Ensure that the hazards are evaluated

Convey information to employees

Policy:

Everyone is entitled to a safe and healthy place

to work, and

Everyone has a right to know what you may be

exposed to and how to protect yourself


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Employer Responsibilities

Develop and implement a written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

Inventory all hazardous materials on campus and acquire all necessary

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Identify hazards by labeling chemicals using MSDSs

Train employees on physical and health hazards and protective measures

Provide medical monitoring for employees


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Employee Responsibilities

Follow all procedures and policies relating to chemicals and followappropriate laboratory procedures and rules as outlined in the

Chemical Hygiene Plan

Refrain from operations without proper instruction and/orauthorization

Seek out and request information

Wear appropriate protective equipment

Report accidents and near-misses immediately, even minor injuries

or exposures


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Administrative Controls

Assign a Chemical Hygiene Officer

Manager of Environmental Health and SafetyEnsure lab supervisors know their

responsibilities under the Chemical

Hygiene Plan


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Engineering Controls

Fume Hoods

Biosafety Cabinets

Substitution


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Other Control Measures

Protective Equipment

Respirators, goggles, gloves, lab coats

Safety Equipment Safety showers, eyewashes, fire

extinguishers, first aid kits, explosion-

proof refrigerators

Laboratory Maintenance andInspection

Safety inspections, fume hood condition,

chemical storage, spill kits, etc.


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Exposure Assessments

Initial monitoring with: Signs or symptoms of

overexposure You suspect exposure limits

have been exceeded

Periodic monitoring: Determined & carried out by

EHS Dept.


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Regulated Waste Management

Wastes Considered

Non-Hazardous

Hazardous

Liquid Industrial

Universal


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Hazardous Chemical Inventories

An inventory ofhazardous chemicals isrequired for each lab


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Hazardous Chemicals Locations On

Campus May Include:


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Hazardous Chemicals In Laboratories

May Consist Of:

Corrosives - Nitric Acid

Oxidizers - Silver Nitrate

General OrganicCompounds - Aniline

Caustics - Calcium Oxide

Reactive Metals - Sodium

Explosive Anhydrides andAnhydrous Compounds -Sodium Peroxide

Ketones - Acetone

Poisons - PotassiumCyanide

General InorganicCompounds - CalciumCarbide

Flammable Metals -Magnesium

Flammables - Ethanol,Butanol, Ethyl Ether

Carcinogens -Formaldehyde


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Labels - Basics

Identity of the hazardous chemical(s)

Appropriate hazard warnings

Name, address, and emergency telephonenumber of the chemical manufacturer or other

responsible party


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Labels - Other Information

Appropriate protective equipment Carcinogenicity warning if applicable

Signal word - Danger!, Warning!, or Caution! Statement of hazard

Instructions in case of contact or exposure First-Aid or antidote

Instructions in case of fire, spill, or leak

Instructions for container handling and storage

Never remove label, and if transferred to a secondary container,label it with appropriate information - chemical name, etc.


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HMIS Label - Example

Secondary Labeling System


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HMIS Label - Example

Secondary Labeling System

CARCINOGEN


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Labels - Example

Plate-X Gold Plating Solution

DANGER !May be harmful or fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed

through the skin.

Do not breathe vapor or mist. Do not get into eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Exposure may cause weakness, headache, cyanosis, loss of

consciousness, respiratory arrest, or death.

Target organs - blood, metabolic enzymes, skin, lungs. Physicians - treat exposed victims for cyanide poisoning. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for additional Information.

ABC Chemical Company

Hazard Drive111

Anywhere, NY11111


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Material Safety Data Sheets

(MSDSs) Chemical document put out by

manufacturer detailing physical

and health hazards

One for every hazardous chemicalon campus

Master file located inEHS Dept.

Review before working with anychemical


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Information on MSDSs

Identity and date of

preparation

Manufacturers name,

address, and telephone

number

Hazardous ingredients

Physical and chemical

properties - flash pt.,

appearance and odor, etc.


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Information on MSDSs

Control measures

Physical hazards

Routes of entry intobody

Acute and chronichealth effects

Carcinogenicity Handling and storage

precautions


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Fire Prevention

The best method of fire fighting is takingprecautions to prevent one from occurring in the first

place and being prepared if a fire in the lab shouldoccur.

Ways to prevent fires are:Have good housekeeping practices.Use the smallest amount of flammable solventspossible.

Keep the flammable solvents away from ignitionsources.Store flammables in a flammable storage cabinet


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i d


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Fire Procedure

If and when a fire should occur dont panic, just simply:Alert the people around you to evacuate the lab and

activate the fire alarm.If the fire is large or you do not feel comfortable trying to

extinguish it, GET OUT, and let the professionals do theirjob.If it is a small controllable fire, either smother the fire or

use the correct fire extinguisher associated with the typeof fire.

If trying to extinguish the fire always stay on the exit sideof the fire.Report the incident to the appropriate supervisors.

P l P i E i


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Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is not requiredjust because it makes you look GOOFY. It is there togive you added protection against any accidents thatmay occur while working in the lab

There are several different types of PPE but you shouldalways wear what is appropriate for your lab.

Safety Glasses or Chemical Goggles

Lab Coat or ApronGloves

S f t Gl d Ch i l G l


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Safety Glasses and Chemical Goggles

Safety glasses and chemical goggles are not the same

thing!Safety glasses protect your eyes from any type of flying

debris.Chemical goggles can protect your eyes from flying

debris. They also keep vapors, dust, and splashedchemicals from getting into your eyes.All eye protection must be ANSI approved ( Z87.1 is

stamped on the sidebar of ANSI approved eyewear).If your prescription eyewear is not ANSI approved, then

approved safety glasses, goggles, or a face shield must beworn over them.

Gl


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Gloves

When necessary gloves are a crucial component in

keeping the chemicals away from your skin. But be

careful! Just because you have gloves on doesnt

mean youre safe.Choose gloves that provide the proper protection and

limit the time you are in contact with the chemical.

It is always a good idea to frequently change out your

gloves when working with hazardous chemicals.

F H d


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Fume Hoods

Fume Hoods are an essentialcomponent in the lab when itcomes to protecting yourselffrom potentially harmful fumes.

How does a fume hood work?A fume hood simply draws air

from the room into the hoodwhere it mixes and dilutes the

potentially harmful fumes andthen vents into the atmosphere.

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Continue.

In order for fume hoods to work properly certainprocedures need to be followed.

Reduce the amount of movement around the

front of the hood. Any movements can disruptthe air flow.

Keep the front sash at or below the safe sash-

opening marker.


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El t i l & Ph i l H d


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Electrical & Physical Hazards

Electrical and Physical Hazards are present inevery lab, but in order to control them it is good

to know what they are and where they are located

in a lab. Stay alert and always keep in mind where these

hazards exist.

Good housekeeping practices also play a role inpreventing these hazards.

G l L b t R l


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General Laboratory Rules

No open toed shoes or flip-flops. No shorts or loose fitting clothes.

No loose long hair (must be pulled back into

ponytail).

Know about the chemicals and hazards associated

with your laboratory.

Know what to do in emergency situations.

Know how to read and interpret MSDSs.

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Continue.

Wear personal protective equipment, asappropriate.

Never work alone in the laboratory.

Do not eat, drink, or use tobacco products in thelaboratory.

Keep lab doors closed.

Hallways, corridors, and exit ways must be keptclear. Do not locate (even temporarily)laboratory equipment or supplies in these areas.

The OSHA Laboratory Standard


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The OSHA Laboratory Standard, found at29 CFR 1910.1450, sets forth, as law, rules forEMPLOYERS engaged in laboratory use of hazardouschemicals (definition coming up). Their definition of labuse is not completely intuitive, and must be carefully

considered before a particular workplace may beconsidered as involving laboratory use. Quite a bit of thechemical use and handling here at the University, even inacademic departments, is NOT laboratory use, and istherefore subject to a different set of rules.

Maintenance shops, glassblowing, Stores, teaching prepand demo facilities, instrumentation facilities.... (PS"chemicals" includes formulations such as paints,inks, cleaning agents, solder and flux, pump oil.....)

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106&p_text_version=FALSEhttp://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10106&p_text_version=FALSEhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htm


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The OSHA Lab Standard, a regulation writtenespeically for laboratories (but not the only

regulation applying to lab) defines "

laboratory use of hazardous chemicals," and setsforth exactly what an employer is required to do

about protecting against occupational chemical

exposure. Most of it centers on the requirements

for an employer-written policy document, called

the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP).

L b t
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htmhttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/chemsafety/definitions.htm


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Laboratory use

"Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" means handlingor use of such chemicals in which all of the followingconditions are met:

(i) Chemical manipulations are carried out on a "

laboratory scale;(ii) Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used;

(iii) The procedures involved are not part of a productionprocess, nor in any way simulate a production process; and

(iv) "Protective laboratory practices and equipment" areavailable and in common use to minimize the potential foremployee exposure to hazardous chemicals.

R l f B i L b t S f t


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Rules for Basic Laboratory Safety

Safety goggles must be worn at all times in the laboratory.

No eating or drinking in the laboratory.

Never taste or touch the laboratory chemicals.

Always wash your hands before leaving the laboratory. Wear proper clothingsafety glasses, closed-toed shoes, and

an apron; tie long hair back and remove all jewelry.

Always follow the written directions, and never perform an

unauthorized experiment.

Always add acid to water. This prevents the acid from

spattering.

Contin e


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Continue

Point heating test tubes away from others andyourself, and heat them slowly.Never return unused chemicals to their original

containers. This prevents contamination.

Always use a pipette bulb or a pipetter to transferwhen using a pipette. Never use your mouth.Always use a fume hood when working with toxic

substances. Never inhale fumes directly.

Never use an open flame near flammable liquids.Dispose of chemicals in the designated disposal sitenot in the sink or trash can.


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