lab 03 root path - university of british columbia
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Root Pathogens Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink
Armillaria root disease
Diagram:
A common root disease of conifers in the southern half of BC, Alberta, and adjacent parts of the USA. In the parasitic phase it forms large, white mycelial fans along the phloem and cambium of the tree being invaded. It also produces rhizomorphs -‐ shoe-‐string like structures that grow through soil to contact and invade new roots. The fruiting body is a light tan mushroom produced in clumps at the base of infected trees in the fall. The decay is a stringy white rot, mainly in sapwood. Some tree species (e.g. Douglas-‐fir, spruces) exhibit basal resinosis as well as the general root disease crown symptoms.
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Ophiostoma wageneri (Goheen and Cobb) Harrington Black stain root disease
Diagram:
A pathogen that resembles wilt diseases. It cannot digest wood nor live for very long in dead wood. The fungal hyphae grow in the outer sapwood where they produce a black stain in tangential bands. Fruiting bodies are small and rare and not useful for field identification. Stains of this sort are common in dead conifers. In order to diagnose black stain root disease, one must have a declining crown and typical bands of stain in the sapwood while the tree is still alive, and symptoms of other common root diseases are absent.
Notes:
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Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.:Fr.) Bref.
Annosus root and butt rot
Diagram:
A root disease of conifers, particularly hemlock, spruce and Abies (the 'S' race) or pines (the 'P' race). Large basidiocarps at the base of infected trees, sometimes buried in the duff. Often occurs as butt rot, with increment reduction but not tree death (for the 'S' race, the only race known in BC). Decay a pitted soft white rot. This species produces abundant asexual spores. A primary invader of wounds.
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Onnia tomentosa (Fr.) Karst
Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.:Fr) Teng Tomentosus root rot
Diagram:
The major root disease of northern and high elevation forests. Mainly on spruce and on pine in stands where it is mixed with spruce. Root disease centers are small (2-‐6 trees). Decay is a brittle, pitted white rot with rather large pits. Red stain in the early stages of invasion. The fruiting body is a medium-‐sized, annual, stipitate polypore produced above infected roots and at the base of diseased trees.
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Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.:Fr.) Pat. Schweinitzii butt rot
Diagram:
A butt rot of conifers, particularly spruce and Douglas-‐fir. Decay is a brown cubical rot. Large, stipitate, felty brown, annual fruiting bodies are produced above infected roots.
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Phellinus sulphurascens Laminated root rot
Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbn.
Cedar butt rot
Diagram:
A common root rot of conifers. Found roughly throughout the geographic range of Douglas-‐fir. Hosts, in order of susceptibility, Abies, Douglas-‐fir, larches, spruces, hemlocks. Thuja, Chamaecyparus, and Pines are resistant. All hardwoods are immune. Symptoms include: general root rot symptoms; an ectotrophic grey-‐white mycelial sheeth on roots in the mineral soil, sometimes covered by a brown papery layer; red stain in the inner sapwood above infected roots; and a pitted laminar decay with brown setal hyphae in the pits.
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