L2 Grammar & VocabularyL2 Grammar & VocabularyBy Jessica Li 2013By Jessica Li 2013

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Grammar Grammar Paragraph I

♣ Recent studies have shown/indicated that being obese / obesity can pose a serious threat to our health. Ex. Deforestation can pose a threat to many animals’ habitats. ♣ ---, it is vital/critical/important/essential that S+ (should) +VR

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Grammar Grammar

Ex. 為了安全起見，學生在做實驗時遵循老師的指導是很重要的。

For the sake of safety, it is vital/critical that students should follow their teacher’s directions/ instructions when doing an experiment.

♣ keep in shape = stay fit

Ex. 規律的運動和低脂的飲食可以讓你保持好身材。

Regular exercise and low-fat food can help you keep in shape/ stay fit.

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♣ no matter what +N

Everyone is born equal no matter

what races he/she belongs to.

♣ no matter what method we apply/

adopt

IQ test is a universally-accepted method that is often applied to evaluate a person’s intelligence.

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Paragraph 2 ♠ Our diet matters/ counts/ is

important ----

Nothing matters/ counts more than

your safety.

♠ the food that are potentially/ possibly

damaging to our health

= the food is likely to ruin our health

in some way 5

GrammarGrammar

♠ absorb/take in/consume excessive/excess/surplus numbers----

Ex. 許多年輕人有肥胖的威脅因為他們攝取過量的油炸食物和含糖飲料。

A mass of youngsters are under threat of being obese because they absorb excessive numbers of fried food and sugary drinks.

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♠ Many of us sometimes absorb excessive numbers of certain nutrients, such as fat, saturated fat, sugar, and salt, which can risk our health unknowingly/ without our knowledge.

She never procrastinates any work that is assigned, which enables her to keep everything on track.

The thief sneaked into the house unknowingly/without our knowledge.

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GrammarGrammar

♠ label (V) 標籤化 / 分類為 (N) 標籤 To racists, they tend to label

colored people as inferior ones.

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GrammarGrammar

Paragraph 3

♥ Green, amber/yellow, and red

respectively / individually

represent/mean/signify ---

= The lights convey different

messages about the contents of

food

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GrammarGrammar

♥ Basically, the more green lights we see on a package of food, the healthier that food is.

EX. 你的背景知識越多， 你越能快速理解複雜的理念。

The more background knowledge you have, the more likely you are to grasp complicated ideas/concepts.

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GrammarGrammar

♥the food is not low in those nutrients

↔ is rich/ high in

Fertile soils are often rich in minerals.

♥be aware of N ↔ be unaware of N

EX. 這個老人似乎專注於他的困擾， 以致於沒有察覺我的存在。(preoccupy)

This old man seemed to be preoccupied with his trouble and wasn’t aware of my presence.

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GrammarGrammar

Paragraph 4

♦ know at a glance = know instantly

♦ The symbols that this system uses

are instantly recognizable/ can be

identified easily---

The lustrous coat made the little

girl instantly recognizable in the

crowds.

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GrammarGrammar

♦ In addition, it can be universally

applied / be applied to people around

the world.---

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Paragraph 5

Nevertheless/ Nonetheless, there is

opposition to this idea.

= a lot of people oppose to this idea

People in the food industry

complain that this approach to food

labeling is too simplistic/ simplified.

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GrammarGrammar

giving exact figures ----is preferable/

more suitable.

Sitting home alone is preferable to

spending the night with a group of

rough children.

Advocates /Proponents of traffic light labeling for food counter/refute this argument by saying that simplicity is the virtue/ advantage of this system.

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GrammarGrammar

EX. Patience is virtue ( 美德 ). ----, lest consumers should( 萬一 )

ignore ----

Senior students are working hard

for the admission exam, lest they

should have poor grades.

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GrammarGrammar

Paragraph 6

Ω In spite of the fact that/ Despite

the fact that/ Although/ While not

everyone ---

Ω There are times when ----

Ω We are what we eat.

= The food we consume affects our

health and shape.

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VocabularyVocabulary

1. pose (V) cause/ ask/ sit or stand in a particular position / pretend

(N) position

The graduates posed for a group photograph.

The gang entered the building posing as workmen.

The models adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.

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VocabularyVocabulary

2. disturb sb ↔ distract sb from sth

The continuous noise from the

street _____me a lot.

The continuous noise from the

street _____ me from my studies.

disturbed/ distracted

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VocabualryVocabualry

3. maintain (V) make sth stay at the same level / keep sth in a good condition/ insist / keep

maintain law and order ( 維持治安 )

The accused/defendant kept

maintaining his innocence.

They maintained that they were out

of the country when the crime was

committed.

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VocabularyVocabulary His income was barely enough to

maintain a family.

6. potentially (adv.) ----textbook

7. excessive (adj)=excess = surplus

excessive rainfall/ drinking

EX. 過度運動會對關節造成潛在傷害。 Excessive exercise will be

potentially harmful to your joints.

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VocabularyVocabulary

10. respective (a) separate

respectable (a) very good

respectful (a) show respect for N

With a grand sum of savings, she

continues to lead a _____ life after

she retired.

respectable

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VocabularyVocabulary

They are each recognized specialists in their ______ fields.

respective

You should be more ____ of others’ points of view.

respectful

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VocabularyVocabulary

11. consumer (N)

consumer price index

消費者物價指數 EX. 減稅能在不景氣後增進消費者的 信心。 Tax-cuts will boost consumer

confidence after the recession.

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VocabularyVocabulary

11-1. consume (V) eat/ use energy or

time

Ex. The hotel was burned down.

The hotel was consumed by fire.

Ex. The aged woman was heart

broken.

The aged woman was

consumed with sadness.

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VocabularyVocabulary

11-2. consumption(N)

♣ alcohol consumption

♣ human consumption

Ex. To prevent the risk of

kidney failure, the patient has to

cut down ______.

alcohol consumption

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VocabularyVocabulary

Ex. The steak, which is a mix of beef

and horse meat, isn’t good for ____.

human consumption

11-3. time- consuming = take a lot of

time

Sorting the stack of clothes is a

difficult and time-consuming

process.

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VocabularyVocabulary

15.Barrier (N)---textbook

16. Currently (adv)---textbook

17. opposition(N) disagreement/ the state of being different

Ex. 正邪之間的對抗已延續數千年。 The opposition between good and

evil has lasted for thousands of years.

The Opposition 反對黨

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VocabularyVocabulary

Protest marches will be held in opposition to the building of the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant.( 核四廠 )

17-1. oppose (V) oppose (to) N/Ving

= be opposed to N/ Ving

The board will bitterly oppose to the proposal of cutting the faculty due to the tight budget.

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VocabularyVocabulary

EX. 那些參與會議的人都全部反對無薪 假。 Those who attended the meeting

were totally opposed to unpaid

leave.

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VocabularyVocabulary

18. Industry (N) ----textbook

18-1.industrious(adj)= hard working

An industrious student like him will definitely achieve a lot in the future.

20. advocate (N)=proponent ---textbook

opposite: opponent

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VocabularyVocabulary

21. counter(V) refute/ oppose

“That’s not what I meant,” he

countered.

21-1. counter (adv) in the opposite way

The government’s plan runs

counter to the previous one due the

strong opposition of the masses.

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VocabularyVocabulary

20-2. counter(N) 櫃台 / opposition

The employer’s association was

seen as a counter to union power.

→ The employer’s association was

in opposition to union power.

20-3. counterpart(N) the man or the thing

that has the same function or position

in a different place

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VocabularyVocabulary

The Foreign Minister held a talk

with his Chinese counterpart.

→ The Foreign Minister held a talk

with the Chinese Foreign Minister.

22. argument (N) reason/ intention/

disagreement---textbook

There are strong arguments for

and against euthanasia ( 安樂死 ).

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VocabularyVocabulary

22-1. argue(V) for or against N

The victim’s family strongly

argued for death penalty.

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