kyoto protocol in en final
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 1/17
DECODING KYOTODECODING KYOTO
AND ITS RELEVANCEAND ITS RELEVANCEIN COPENHAGENIN COPENHAGEN
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 2/17
My mandate at Copenhagen was toprotect national interest, not save
humanity. Jairam Ramesh
Its a pinch of sugar to sweetena cauldron of failedcommitments.
"It's a nothing burger."
Sen. John McCain
The proposal is a gross violation of
the right to existence of the Africancontinent. Africa will become aholocaust.
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 3/17
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
In 1992, more than 150 nations cametogether to sign the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) at The Earth Summit inRio De Janeiro.
The signatories entered into a voluntaryand non-binding pledged that thedeveloped nations would reduce thegreenhouse emissions to 1990 levels bythe year 2000.
Due to growing concerns over increasing
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 4/17
KYOTO PROTOCOL:KYOTO PROTOCOL:
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted inKyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 andentered into force on 16 February 2005.
It sets binding targets for 37industrialised countries and theEuropean Community for reducing
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The detailed rules for the
implementation of the Protocol were
adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001,and are called the Marrakesh Accords.
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 5/17
184 Parties of the Convention haveratified the Kyoto Protocol as of 14
January 2009
The most notable non-member of theProtocol is the United States, which wasresponsible for 36.1 per cent of the1990 emission levels.
The conference in Copenhagen was the15th conference of parties (COP15) inthe Framework Convention on Climate
Change.
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 6/17
PROPOSALS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOLPROPOSALS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
"stabilization of greenhouse gasconcentrations in the atmosphere at a levelthat would prevent dangerousanthropogenic interference with theclimate system.
adopted a principle of "common butdifferentiated responsibilities."
1. the largest share of historical and
current global emissions of greenhousegases originated in developed countries;
2. per capita emissions in developingcountries are still relatively low;
3. the share of global emissions originating
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 7/17
KYOTO MECHANISMSKYOTO MECHANISMS
Emissions Trading The Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM)
Joint Implementation (JI)
mechanism of "compliance
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 8/17
COPENHAGEN 2009COPENHAGEN 2009
To agree a new climate treaty as a successor
to the Kyoto protocol, the first phase of whichexpires in 2012.
To ensure that the worlds temperature doesnot rise more than 2 degrees Celsius till 2050.
FOUR ESSENTIALS:
1. How much are industrialized countries willingto reduce their emissions of greenhousegases?
2. How much are major developing countriessuch as China and India willing to do to limitthe growth of their emissions?
3. How is the help needed by developing
countries to engage in reducing theiremissions and ada tin to the im acts of
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 9/17
THE DANISH DRAFTTHE DANISH DRAFT
Each country would have to submit adomestic target for climate mitigation
open to global verification It proposed emission cuts for rich
countries as well as advanced developing
economies like India and China Each developing nation declare a
peaking year for carbon emissions
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 10/17
Asks for commitments from emergingeconomies
Demands international scrutiny of actions of
emerging economies even if they are notfunded by the international community
Weakens Indias right to get internationalmoney against its afforestation efforts
Demands money from the emerging
economies and not just the rich countries foradaptation and mitigation efforts in developing
countries
How the Danish draft undermines developing country interests and isHow the Danish draft undermines developing country interests and is
in contravention of the UN climate conventionin contravention of the UN climate convention andand Bali Action PlanBali Action Plan
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 11/17
PLEASEPLEASE--ALL DRAFTALL DRAFT
Parties should cooperate in achieving theglobal and national emissions as soon aspossible
Timeframe of peaking will be longer indeveloping countries bearing in mind thatsocial and economic development andpoverty eradication are the first and over-riding priorities of developing parties
Emphasis on low emission development,since it is indispensable to sustainable
development
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 12/17
COPENHAGEN ACCORDCOPENHAGEN ACCORD
The statement made compliancemandatory by asking countries to listtheir target emissions, reduction for rich
nations and domestic mitigation fordeveloping countries
Aimed at a 2 degrees Celsius limit to
global warming by reducing emissions50% by 2050
Mentioned a global emission peakingyear (without specifying the year) and
130 billion Rs.6.1 trillion for miti ation
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 13/17
´HANDING OUT CARROTSµ´HANDING OUT CARROTSµ
THE GAIN
Common butdifferentiated
responsibility in textmeans moreresponsibility fordeveloped economies
Got the term equity
embedded with globalgoal of bringingtemperatures below by2°C means it candemand burden-sharingof emission cuts
Green Climate Fund
THE LOSS
Window open fordiscussions to kill Kyoto
Protocol in the future Links between
mitigation actions of rich countries andfinance, tech transfer
weakened
Agrees to peakemissions in future,though no specific cut-off year mentioned
Allows international
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 14/17
LOOPHOLESLOOPHOLES
No agreement on whether to include emissions fromaviation and shipping in climate targets, and make itmandatory to include farming and forestry.
Kyoto excludes greenhouse gases from aviation and
shipping, responsible for at least 5 percent of globalemissions.
Under Kyoto, rich countries do not have to include in theirtargets emissions from land use, including forests andfarming.
Combined, farms and deforestation account for a third of all global greenhouse gases.
No agreement on how to scale up carbon finance under
Kyoto's existing $6.5-billion clean developmentmechanism (CDM).
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 15/17
BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY
The Times of India
Hindustan Times
Telegraph (UK), The Guardian (UK)
http://en.cop15.dk/ (official site UNFCCC)
BBC news
http://www.reuters.com/subjects/cop15
NY Times http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2009/
http://www.eenews.net/public/25/13656/features/documents/2009/12/19/document_gw_01.pdf
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 16/17
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
8/8/2019 Kyoto Protocol in en FINAL
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kyoto-protocol-in-en-final 17/17
MILAN SHARMAMILAN SHARMA
ROLL NO. 56ROLL NO. 56