kt for tt – ensuring use and impact from technology r&d center on knowledge translation for...
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KT for TT – Ensuring Use and Impact from Technology R&D
Center on Knowledge Translation for Technology Transfer
University at Buffalo
NIDRR Grantees improve QoL for PWD by solving problems with knowledge.
• Current state of QoL for PWD is sub-optimal in some aspects amenable to improvement.
• Situation reduced to Problem Statement within a NIDRR Domain – e.g. technology-based opportunity.
• Solution Statement involves knowledge creation via research, or knowledge application via development and production.
• Technology Transfer plan explains how Solution Statement will be accomplished, and how results will impact QoL for PWD.
Role of Knowledge Translation
• KT is a method for moving academic knowledge into stakeholder action - CIHR.
• Knowledge may pre-exist in Global Knowledge Base and/or may be generated via research.
• Origins – Evidence-based Medicine to justify Federal & Public investment.
• Focus on interactions with stakeholders at end of grant or integrated during grant activity.
KTA Model – CIHR
Stakeholders & Uses
• Six Stakeholder Groups –
– Researchers; Clinicians; Consumers; Policy Makers; Manufacturers; Brokers.
• Three Types of Use –
– Instrumental; Conceptual; Strategic.
• Integrated model of KT – opp’t to involve users. All
CIHR Research Model shows 2 paths for Research-based Knowledge to reach Stakeholders
Two Paths
• Path 1 – Communicate Conceptual Knowledge through Publication.
• Path 2 – Transform Conceptual to Practical through further effort.
– Development effort to create and test Prototype.
– Production effort to create and test Device/Service.
“Demonstrating Evidence” burden for NIDRR and Grantees
• Research, Development or Production activities involve long timeframes from initial conception through completion.
• Achieving beneficial impacts for target populations involves even longer timeframes.
EvidenceMilestones
Research-based Discovery
Development –based Invention
Product-based Innovation
Identify Opportunity
Knowledge gap in literature
Verify need via Supply Push or Demand Pull
Feature/function gap in device or service
Establish Scope
Volume of topic in literature
Inventor described or Analysis defined
Statement of need by Users or VAR’s
Propose Solution
Experimental Hypothesis
Champion’s vision or Stakeholder defined
Value Proposition articulated
Validate Originality
Literature Review Prior Art search State of Market survey
Conduct Process
Scientific Method – Control variables
Experimental Method – manipulate variables
Design method – optimize function within constraints
Conclude Results
Discovery noted Invention documented Innovation Specified
Internal Project Output
Scholarly manuscript Proof of Concept Prototype
Pre-Production Model
EvidenceMilestones
Research-based Discovery
Development-based Invention
Product-based Innovation
Claim Intellectual
Property
Copyright (automatic)
Invention Disclosure/ Patent
Application
Patent / Trademark
Applications
External Quality Examination
Peer Review of method rigor and
contribution
USPTO examines claimed novelty and feasibility
Government certification or
Industry standard
External Quality Verification
Manuscript accepted
Patent issued Device/Service approved
Output Disclosure &
Dissemination
Discovery disclosed in Journal paper
by external publisher
Invention disclosed in Patent issues by U.S. Government
Innovation disclosed in press
release by Manufacturer
EvidenceMilestones
Research-based Discovery
Development-based Invention
Production-based Innovation
Stakeholder Awareness - STO1
Subscriber base, web hits, queries
IP Office inquiries, hits on disclosure
Press releases, web hits, industry chatter
Stakeholder Interest – STO2
Letters to editor, email queries
Request for package confidentiality
forms
Vender, customer, distributor queries
Stakeholder Adoption - STO3
Author citation, quotations, plagiary
Negotiations for sale or lease, emulation
Advanced orders, Corporate espionage
Intermediate Outcome – Use of
Output by Stakeholders
Discovery attributions and
citations in literature
Invention IP transferred legally or via infringement
Innovation purchased, reviewed and promoted in marketplace
Establish MeritAcclaim, Promotion,
Invitations, Rebuttals
Related Collaborations and
new funding
Ramp-up, Spin-off products, Competition
Establish WorthTextbook references International honors
License royalties, sponsors, partners
Sales revenues, ROI, market share, efficacy
Establish ImpactAdvance state of
knowledge for field and for society
Advance state of art for field of
application
Advance state of industry practice &
Quality of Life
The 2 Paths are not equi-distant!
Milestones Research Development ProductionIdentify Opportunity Knowledge Gap in
Literature
Project Output
Stakeholder Outcome Journal Publication
Claim Impact Advance Quality of Life for People /Disabilities
Surrogates of Impact
• Grantee Output – Evidence of Research Discovery; Development Invention or Production Innovation.
• Short-term Outcome – Evidence of Awareness, Interest & Adoption.
• Intermediate Outcome – Evidence of use by Stakeholders.
Research is part of Solution Continuum that may involve combinations of R, D & P.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
PROBLEM STATEMENT
R↓
R → Discovery
R↓
? ?
D↓
? D → Invention
D↓
?
P↓
? ? P → Innovation
P → Innovation
BENEFICIAL IMPACT
BENEFICIAL IMPACT
BENEFICIAL IMPACT
BENEFICIAL IMPACT
BENEFICIAL IMPACT
KT4TT Program
• Sponsored by NIDRR to increase evidence of Grantee R&D output use by Stakeholders.
• Generate evidence from research to address academic values; and evidence from development to address industry values.
• Link both forms of evidence to changes in articulation, review, funding and evaluation of government grant programs designed to impact QoL for PWD’s.
Why is KT for TT valuable?
Together, KT and TT combine multiple NIDRR initiatives from
the past twenty years:
Logic modeling; Participatory Action Research; Knowledge
Dissemination and Utilization; &Technology Transfer.
Grantees can help NIDRR demonstrate results!
• KT and TT combine to establish a single framework to optimize evidence of Grantee contributions to stakeholders.
• Technology-oriented Research projects can consider downstream Development and Production (TT) as well as Stakeholder use (KT).
• Provides a method for effectively communicating the value of new knowledge to Stakeholders.
Three Critical Questions
• How will the project accomplish its proposed technology-related outputs (TT)?
• How will adoption and use be maximized across the full range of stakeholders (KT)?
• How will stakeholder use generate beneficial QoL impacts for PWD's (KT4TT)?
Analogies between KT and TT
• “End of Grant” KT = Supply Push TT – Applying discovery from basic inquiry (Mode 1 science).
• “Integrated KT” = Collaborative TT – Creating discovery from validated need (Mode 2 science).
• “Prior to Grant” KT = Demand Pull TT – Identify Problem for which Knowledge offers Solution.
• Science Rigor + Industry Relevance = Impact!
KT4TT Program • Increase awareness and use of KT and TT methods
by Grantees.
• Increase awareness and use of Grantee R&D outputs by Stakeholders.
• Linking KT to TT, to demonstrate and test an operational KT4TT model.
• Validating model via prior research and current Grantee practices.
• Establishing “best practices” to increase outcomes and impacts from Grantee activities.
KT4TT Model is Relevant to:
Investigators conducting research, development and/or production activities related to technology-based devices or services, and who intend for project outputs to be transformed by intermediary stakeholders into outcomes that beneficially impact the quality of life for persons with disabilities.
Model is not Relevant to:
• Basic research or inquiry driven projects.
• Applied research and development projects in non-technology areas.
• Projects with no intention to result in direct application by stakeholders, nor direct impact for target populations.
Model links three Activities
• Research
• Development
• Production
Research Activity
• Research = Knowledge Creation;
• Process - New knowledge discovery results from experimentation;
• Output - Conceptual state embodied as publication.
• Value – Novelty in first articulation and contribution to knowledge base.
Development Activity
• Development = Knowledge Application.
• Process - Knowledge-based invention results from exploration.
• Output – Tangible state embodied as prototype.
• Value – Feasibility in proof of concept.
Production Activity
• Production = Knowledge Replication.
• Process – Knowledge-based innovation results from systematic specification.
• Output – Final form embodied as device or service.
• Value – Utility to producers and consumers .
KT4TT Model
In Progress
Focus on QOL Goal• Grantee research contributes to knowledge
base, optimized through KT techniques.
• Grantee development contributes to product inventory, optimized through TT techniques.
• NIDRR mastery of R&D synergy – parity in rigor and relevance – is itself innovative and novel.
• NIDRR/Grantee example for all R&D programs.
• People with Disabilities benefit from all above.
For more information:
kt4tt.buffalo.edu
Acknowledgement
This is a presentation of the Center on Knowledge Translation for Technology Transfer, which is
funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research of the U.S. Department
of Education under grant number H133A080050. The opinions contained in this presentation are
those of the grantee and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of
Education.