kpdswords.doc

8/11/2019 KPDSWORDS.doc

1/19

1) abash: fluster, disconcert, discomfit, discompose utandrmaki. If you are abashed, you feel embarrassed and ashamed.

2) abate diminish, subside, dwindle hafiflemek, azaltmaki. When an unpleasant situation or feeling abates, it becomes much less strong or

widespread

3) abdicate* relinquish, step down, renounce brakmak, terk etmeki. If a monarch abdicates or abdicates the throne, they formally announce that they are

givingii. up their position as monarch.

4) aboard on board, in, boarded iinde, binmii. If you are aboard a ship or plane, you are on or in it.

) abolish end, abro!ate, do awa" with "#r#rl#kten kaldrmaki. If you abolish a system or practice, you put an end to it.

$) abridge shorten, condense, contract ksaltmaki. If you abridge something , you make short or shorter the duration%

&) abrogate abolish, cancel, repeal "#r#rl#kten kaldrmak, iptal etmeki. To abrogate something such as a law or agreement means to put an end to it.

') absorb* soak up,tke up,take in emmekiine almak

i. The immigrants were quickly absorbed into society.

() abuse maltreat, misuse, eploit k*t#"e kullanmak, suistimal etmek

i. Don't abuse the system The director of the factory misused the fundsintended for

ii. the health care of his workers.

1+) accede assent,adhere,assent,ie in raz olmak

i. If you accede to someone's request, opinion, or demand, you agree to dowhat they want a formal word.

11) access* reach, obtain, retriee erimek,ulamak

i. If you gain access to a building or other place, you succeed in getting into it.

12) accomplish* achiee, attain baarmak, baar"la "erine!etirmek

i. If you accomplish something, you succeed in doing it.

13) accumulate pile up, heap, a!!re!ate "-lmak, birikmek

i. When you accumulate things or when they accumulate, they collect or gather

overii. a period of time.

14) achieve** accomplish, attain, reach baarmak, ulamak

i. If you achieve a particular aim or effect, you succeed in obtaining it.

1) acquire* obtain, !ain, attain elde etmek, kazanmak

i. If you acquire something, you obtain it.

1$) adapt ad.ust, alter, conform u"arlamak, adapte etmek

i. If you adapt to a new situation or adapt yourself to it, you change in order tobe

ii. able to deal with it.


2/19

1&) adjust adapt, acclimatize, conform adapte olmak, u"mak

i. When you ad!ust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing yourbehaviour

ii. or your ideas.1') adopt accept, approe, select kabul etmek, benimsemek

i. If you adopt an attitude, plan, or course of action, you begin to have it or carry

itii. out.

1() advocate support, uphold, back desteklemek

i. If you advocate a particular action or plan, you support it publicly.

2+) affiliate .oin, become linked to, incorporate kabul etmek /#"elik b)

i. If an organi"ation affiliates itself or is affiliated to another organi"ation, it formsii. a close official link with it or becomes a member of it.

21) afflict harm, trouble, distress harap etmek, zarar ermek

i. If you are afflicted by pain, illness, or a disaster, it affects you badly andmakes you suffer.

22) aggravate worsen, eacerbate, intensif" k*t#letirmek, zorlatrmak

i. If you aggravate a situation, you make it worse.

23) aggregate !ather, accumulate, total bir ara"a !etirmek, toplamak

i. #ome bacteria aggregate so closely as to mimic a multicellular organism.

24) alienate estran!e, distance, separate "abanclamak, so-utmak, uzaklatrmak

i. If you alienate someone, you make them become unfriendly or unsympatheticii. towards you.

2) allege assert, claim, state iddia etmek, ileri s#rmek

i. If you allege that something is true, you say it but do not prove it.

2$) allocate allot, assi!n, desi!nate a"rmak, tahsis etmeki. If something is allocated to a particular person or for a particular purpose, it is

givenii. to that person or used for that purpose.

2&) allot allocate, assi!n, desi!nate a"rmak, tahsis etmek

i. If something is allotted to someone, it is given to them as their share.

2') allude impl", refer to, mention ima etmek, ksaca bahsetmek

i. If you allude to something, you mention it in an indirect way.

2() alter modif", shift, ar" de-imek, de-itirmek

i. If something alters or if you alter it, it changes.

3+) amend ameliorate, improe, reise d#zeltmek, de-itirmek, i"iletirmek

i. If you amend something that has been written or said, you change it.

31) amplify increase, enlar!e, au!ment,inflate,epand artrmak, b#"#tmek

i. If you amplify a sound, you make it louder.

32) annihilate destro", obliterate, eterminate "ok etmek

i. If something is annihilated, it is destroyed completely.

33) annoy irritate, bother, disturb cann skmak, kzdrmak

i. If someone annoys you, they make you fairly angry and impatient.

34) annul inalidate, nullif", rescind !eersiz klmak, iptal etmek

i. If a contract or result is annulled, it is declared invalid, so that legally it isii. considered never to have e$isted.


3/19

3) anticipate* forecast, predict, epect tahmin etmek, beklemek, ummak

i. If you anticipate an event, you reali"e in advance that it may happen and youare

ii. prepared for it.

3$) appeal request, ask, solicit istemek, rica etmek, "alarmaki. If you appeal to someone for something that you need, you make a serious

andii. urgent request for it.

3&) appraise ealuate, assess, rate de-erlendirmek

i. If you appraise something, you consider it carefully and form an opinion aboutit.

3') approve accept, faour, support u"!un !*rmek, kabul etmek

i. If someone in authority approves a plan or idea, they formally agree to it.

3() arrange* or!anize, sort, plan a"arlamak, d#zenlemek

i. If you arrange an event or meeting, you make plans for it to happen.

4+) ascend rise, !o up, climb "#kselmek

i. If something ascends, it goes upwards.

41) ascribe attribute, attach, link ba-lamak, atfetmek

i. If you ascribe an event or state of affairs to a particular factor, you think that itis

ii. caused by that factor.

42) aspire crae, desire, be ambitious ok istemek, can atmak

i. If you aspire to something such as an important !ob, you have a strong desireto

ii. have it.

43) assail attack, assault, set upon saldrmak /iddetli)

i. If you are assailed by unpleasant thoughts or problems, you are greatlytroubled by

ii. a lot of them a literary word.

44) assault attack, assail, set upon saldrmak

i. %n assault by an army is a strong attack made against an enemy.

4) assert state, claim, declare iddetle saunmak, srar etmek, ileri s#rmek

i. If you assert a fact or belief, you state it firmly.

4$) assess* ealuate, estimate, appraise de-erlendirmek, de-er bimek

i. When you assess a person, feeling, or situation, you consider them and makea

ii. !udgement about them.

4&) assign* appoint, desi!nate, assi!n ta"in etmek, atamak

i. If you assign a task or function to someone, you give it to them.

4') assuage alleiate, soothe, ease hafifletmek, azaltmak

i. To assuage an unpleasant feeling that someone has means to make themfeel it

ii. less strongly.

4() assume** suppose, !uess, presume sanmak, tahmin etmek

i.If you assume that something is true, you suppose that it is true, sometimes

ii. wrongly.


4/19

+) attain* accomplish, fulfil, realize ulamak, elde etmek

i. If you attain something, you achieve it, often after a lot of effort.

1) attend** !o to, be present, appear !itmek, katlmak

i. If you attend a meeting or other event, you are present at it.

2) attribute ascribe, refer, attach ba-lamak, atfetmek

i. If you attribute something to an event or situation, you think that it was causedby

ii. that event or situation.

3) avert preclude, ward off, thwart *nlemek

i. To avert something unpleasant means to prevent it from happening.

==============BBBBBBBBB============

4) ban prohibit, forbid, disallow "asaklamak, men etmek

i. If something is banned, it is not allowed to be done, shown, or used.

) banish eile, deport, e.ect s#rmek, snr d etmek

i. If someone or something is banished, they are sent away from a place or gotrid of

ii. altogether.

$) bar restrain, impede, obstruct en!ellemek, mani olmak

i. To fasten securely with a long, straight, rigid piece of material.

&) besiege surround, encircle, enclose kuatmak

i. If you are besieged by people, many people want something from you andii. continually bother you.

') bestow present, confer, endow /onur b) ermek

i. If you bestow something on someone, you give it to them.

() blame accuse, char!e, indict sulamak

i. If you blame a person for something bad, or you blame it on them, you thinkor say

ii. that they are responsible for it.

$+) boast be proud of, pride oneself on, bra! *#nmek, !ururlanmak

i. If you boast about something that you have done or that you own, you talkabout it

ii. in a way that shows that you are too proud of it used showing disapproval.

$1) breed produce, lead to, brin! about beslemek, do-urmak, "ol amak

i. &andas rarely breed in captivity.

==============CCCCCCCCCC============

$2) cease stop, discontinue, halt durmak, durdurmak, kesmek

i. If something ceases, it stops happening.

$3) cherish foster, nourish, sustain beslemek, !#tmek, s#rd#rmek

i. If you cherish a hope or a memory, you keep it in your mind so that it givesyou

ii. happy feelings.


5/19

$4) cogitate ponder, contemplate, deliberate derin d##nmek

i. If you are cogitating, you are thinking deeply about something a formal word,often

ii. used humorously.

$) coincide* happen at the same time, concur akmak, a"n zamana rastlamak

i.

If events coincide, they happen at the same time.

$$) combat fi!ht, stru!!le, battle saamak, m#cadele etmek

i. 0o oppose i!orousl" stru!!le a!ainst%

$&) commence be!in, initiate, start balamak

i. When something commences or when you commence something, it begins totake

ii. place from a particular time onwards.

$') commit do, carr" out, perform "apmak, ilemek, !erekletirmek

i. If someone commits a crime or a sin, they do something wrong.

$() compel force, impel, ur!e zorlamak, mecbur etmek

i. If something compels you to act or behave in a particular way, it forces you todo it.

&+) compete ie, stru!!le, contend "armak, rekabet etmek

i. When people or organi"ations compete with each other for something, theyeach

ii. try to get it for themselves rather than letting another person or organi"ationhave it.

&1) compile !ather, accumulate, amass toplamak, derlemek

i. When you compile a book, report, or film, you produce it by putting togetherii. different pieces of information.

&2) compromise a!ree, concede, strike a deal uzlamak,

anlama"a armak

i. The nuclear secrets of the state were compromised by the spy.

&3) conceal* hide, coer, dis!uise saklamak, !izlemek

i. If you conceal something, you hide it or keep it secret.

&4) concede accept, admit, acknowled!e kabul etmek, itiraf etmek

i. If you concede that something is the case, you admit it or accept that it is true.

&) conceive* understand, apprehend, comprehend anlamak, karamak

i. If you can conceive of something, you can imagine it or believe it.

&$) confirm* approe, alidate, erif" do-rulamak, ona"lamak, tasdiklemeki. If something confirms what you believe, it shows that it is definitely true.

&&) confront* face, encounter, deal with karlamak, kar kar"a !elmek

i. If you are confronted with a problem or task, you have to deal with it.

&') conserve presere, protect, maintain korumak, muhafaza etmek

i. If you conserve a supply of something, you use it carefully so that it lastslonger.

&() consult * ask, refer to, seek adice danmak, baurmak

i. If you consult someone, you ask them for their opinion and advice.

'+) contradict oppose, den", differ tersini s*"lemek, kar kmak, elimeki. If you contradict someone, you say that what they have !ust said is untrue or

ii. incorrect.


6/19

'1) convene* !ather, meet, assemble toplanmak, bir ara"a !elmek

i. If you convene a meeting or a conference, you arrange for it to take place.

'2) convert chan!e, transform, switch d*n#t#rmek, eirmek, de-itirmek

i. When something converts from one thing into another or when you convert it,

itii. changes from the first thing into the second.

'3) convince* persuade, proe, satisf" ikna etmek

i. If you convince someone of something, you make them believe that it is trueor that

ii. it e$ists.

'4) cover include, comprise, encompass kapsamak, iermek

i. If you cover something, you place something else over it to protect it or hide it.

') culminate peak, clima, conclude zire"e ulamak, son nokta"a ulamak

i. If a situation culminates in an event, this event is the end result of thesituation.

'$) cultivate deelop a relationship, seek the friendship of !elitirmek /dostluk b)

i. To cultivate land means to prepare it and grow crops on it.

'&) curb check, bridle, restrict durdurmak, frenlemek

i. If you curb something, you control it and keep it within fi$ed limits.

'') curtail* reduce, lessen, cut ksaltmak, ksmak

i. If you curtail something, you reduce or restrict it.

==============DDDDDDDDDD============

'() declare* announce, state, proclaim ilan etmek, du"urmak

i. If you declare that something is the case, you say it in a firm, deliberate way.

(+) deduce infer, conclude, derie sonu karmak

i. If you deduce that something is true, you reach that conclusion because ofwhat

ii. you know to be true.

(1) defer dela", put off, procrastinate ertelemek

i. If you defer an event or action, you arrange for it to take place at a later datethan

ii. was planned.

(2) delay postpone, put off, defer !ecikmek, !eciktirmek, ertelemek

i. If you delay doing something, you do not do it until a later time.

(3) deliver* distribute da-tmak

i. If you deliver something, you take it to someone's house or office.

(4) demolish * destro", ruin, raze "kmak, harap etmek

i. When a building is demolished, it is knocked down, often because it is old orii. dangerous.

() deny** refuse, re.ect, repudiate reddetmek, inkar etmek

i. If you deny something such as an accusation, you say that it is not true.

($) depict describe, portra", narrate tasir etmek, anlatmak, betimlemek

i. If you depict someone or something, you draw them in a painting or cartoon.


7/19

(&) deplete use up, consume, ehaust t#ketmek

i. If you deplete something, you reduce the amount of it that is available to beused.

(') designate assi!n, select, specif" a"rmak, semek, adlandrmak

i. When you designate someone or something, you formally give them a

descriptionii. or name.

(() destroy** demolish, annihilate, deastate "kmak, mahetmek

i. To destroy something means to damage it so much that it is completely ruinedor

ii. ceases to e$ist.

1++) deter discoura!e, dissuade, intimidate korkutarak az!eirmek, cesaretini krmak

i. To deter someone from doing something means to make them unwilling to doit.

1+1) determine** conclude, decide, fi belirlemek, ta"in etmek

i. To determine the truth about something means to discover it.

1+2) detest dislike, loathe, abhor nefret etmek

i. If you detest someone or something, you dislike them very much.

1+3) devastate destro", wipe out, ruin harap etmek, "kmak

i. If something devastates a place, it damages it very badly or destroys it totally.

1+4) deviate dier!e, turn aside, di!ress sapmak, a"rlmak

i. To deviate from a way of thinking or behaving means to think or behavedifferently

ii. from what is considered to be normal or acceptable.

1+) diffuse disseminate, spread, circulate "a"mak

i. If light or knowledge diffuses or is diffused, it spreads.

1+$) digress !et off the sub.ect, deiate, turn aside konudan sapmak

i. If you digress, you stop talking about your main sub!ect and talk aboutsomething

ii. different for a while.

1+&) disguise coer up, conceal, eil saklamak, !izlemek

i. % disguise is a change in your appearance that is intended to prevent peoplefrom

ii. recogni"ing you.1+') disintegrate break up, disunite, fall apart paralamak,

b*lmek, paralanmak

i. If an ob!ect disintegrates, it breaks into many small pieces.

1+() dispatch send off, forward da-tmak, "ollamak, !*ndermek, seketmek

i. If you dispatch someone or something to a place, you send them there.

11+) dispel dismiss, remoe, rid atmak, !idermek

i. To dispel an idea or feeling that someone has means to stop them believing init or

ii. feeling it.111) disperse dissipate, spread, diffuse da-lmak

i. When a group of people disperse or when someone or something dispersesthem,

ii. they go away in different directions.

112) dispute ar!ue, debate, quarrel tartmak, m#nakaa etmek

i. er friends disputed her intentions.


8/19

113) disrupt spoil, upset, disorder bozmak, paralamak

i. To disrupt an activity, system, or process means to prevent it from continuingii. normally.

114) disseminate distribute, spread, circulate "a"mak

i.

To disseminate something such as information means to distribute it to manyii. people a formal word.

11) dissent disa!ree, differ, oppose a"r fikirde olmak, muhalefet etmek

i. If someone dissents, they e$press strong disagreement with establishedideas a

ii. formal use.

11$) dissident differin!, disa!reein!, dissentin! muhalif, farkl !*r#te

i. If someone dissents, they e$press strong disagreement with establishedideas a

ii. formal use.

11&) dissipate disperse, dissole, anish da-lmak, !*zden ka"bolmak, "ok olmak

i. If something dissipates or if something dissipates it, it gradually becomes lessor

ii. disappears.

11') distract draw awa", diert, sidetrack /dikkati) baka "*ne ekmek

i. If something distracts you or distracts your attention, it stops youconcentrating.

11() distribute delier, disseminate da-tmak

i. If you distribute things such as leaflets, you hand them out to people or sendthem

ii. by post.

12+) divulge reeal, disclose, epose ifa etmek, a-a urmaki. If you divulge a piece of information, you tell it to someone.

==============EEEEEEEEEE============

121) ease abate, reliee, miti!ate hafifletmek, dindirmek

i. e eased his conscience by returning the stolen money.

122) elaborate add detail, eplain in detail deta"l aklamak

i. e asked me to elaborate on my proposal.

123) elicit call forth, brin! out, etract orta"a karmak, elde etmek

i. If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do something which makes otherpeople

ii. respond or react.

124) emerge* appear, come out, become apparent orta"a kmak, belli olmak, !*r#nmek

i. When you emerge from a place that you have been in for some time, youcome

ii. out.

12) emit diffuse, dischar!e, !ie off "a"mak, karmak

i. If something emits heat, light, or a smell, it sends it out by means of a physicalor

ii. chemical process.


9/19

12$) emphasie** stress, hi!hli!ht, underline ur!ulamak

i. To emphasi"e something means to indicate that it is particularly important ortrue,

ii. or to draw special attention to it.

12&) endorse support, back, adocate desteklemek

i.

If you endorse someone or something, you say publicly that you support orapproveii. of them.

12') enervate weaken, debilitate, fati!ue !#ten d##rmek, za"flatmak

i. If you feel enervated, you feel that you have lost your strength and livelinessa

ii. formal word.

12() enhance improe, better, raise artrmak, i"iletirmek, "#kseltmek

i. To enhance something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness.

13+) enlighten illuminate, !ie !reater knowled!e, eplain bil!i ermek, a"dnlatmak

i. To enlighten someone means to give them more knowledge about something.

131) ensue come out, result, follow kmak, belirmek

i. If something ensues, it happens immediately after something else.

132) entail require, necessitate, call for !erektirmek, istemek

i. If one thing entails another, it necessarily involves it or causes it.

133) entitle authorize, qualif", empower hak "ada "etkisini ermek

i. If something entitles you to have or do something, it gives you the right tohave it or

ii. do it.

134) envisage* isualize, ima!ine, enision ha"al etmek, zihninde canlandrmak

i. If you envisage a situation or event, you imagine it, or think that it is likely to.

13) establish **found, set up, construct kurmak, ina etmek, tesis etmek

i. If you establish an organi"ation or a system, you create it in a way that isintended

ii. to be permanent.

13$) evaluate** assess, appraise, estimate de-erlendirmek

i. If you evaluate something, you decide how valuable it is after considering allits

ii. features.

13&) e!act demand, require, compel talep etmek, da"atmak, zorla almak

13') e!ceed ecel, surpass, outdo !emek, amak

i. If something e$ceeds a particular amount, it is greater than that amount.

13() e!cel be eceptionall" !ood at, surpass, outdo sirilmek, "#kselmek

i. If someone e$cels at or in something, they are very good at it.

14+) e!clude** eliminate, leae out, rule out karmak, dahil etmemek

i. If you e$clude something from an activity or discussion, you deliberately donot

ii. include that thing in it.

141) e!ecute** perform, fulfil, carr" out "erine !etirmek, u"!ulamaki. To e$ecute someone means to kill them as a punishment for a crime.


10/19

142) e!ert eercise, utilize, emplo" kullanmak, /aba) harcamak

i. If you e$ert influence or pressure, you use it to achieve something.

143) e!pand** !row, enlar!e, widen !elimek, b#"#mek

i. When something e$pands, it becomes larger.

144) e!pel dismiss, remoe, throw out atmak, komak

i. If someone is e$pelled from a school or organi"ation, they are officially told toleave

ii. because they have behaved badly.

14) e!pire* cease, terminate s#resi dolmak, sona ermek

i. When something e$pires, it reaches the end of the period of time for which itis

ii. (alid.

14$) e!ploit* use, utilize, emplo" kullanmak

i. If someone e$ploits you, they unfairly use your work or ideas and give youlittle in

ii. return.

14&) e!tend* stretch, spread uzamak, uza"p !itmek

i. f something e$tends for a particular distance, it continues for that distance.

14') e!tinct * wiped out, noneistent, anished so"u t#kenmi

i. If a species of animals is e$tinct, it no longer has any living members.

=============="""""""""=============

14() flourish !row, boom, prosper !elimek, b#"#mek, ilerlemek

i. If something flourishes, it is active or successful, or it is developing quicklyand

ii. strongly.

1+) fluctuate ar", waer, rise and fall dal!alanmak

i. If something fluctuates, its amount, level, or nature keeps changing.

11) forecast* predict, estimate, foresee tahmin etmek

i. To forecast is to predict what is e$pected to happen in the future.

12) fulfil carr" out, perform, eecute "erine !etirmek, "apmak

i. If you fulfil a promise or hope, you carry it out or achieve it.

13) furnish proide, suppl", equip sa-lamak, tedarik etmeki. When you furnish a room, you put furniture in it.

14) grant present, confer, impart ermek, ba-lamak

i. To give an amunt of money.

==============##########=============

1) hamper hinder, impede, inhibit en!ellemek, hareketini kstlamak

i. If you hamper a person or their actions, you make it difficult for them to moveor

ii. make progress.

1$) handle deal with, cope with, take care of ele almak, il!ilenmeki. )e in charge of, act on, or dispose of


11/19

1&) harass disturb, trouble, pester rahatsz etmek, taciz etmek

i. If you harass someone, you continually trouble them or annoy them.

1') hinder obstruct, impede, hamper en!ellemek, en!el olmak

i. If something hinders you, it makes it more difficult for you to do something.

==============$$$$$$$$$$=============

1() identify* reco!nize, spot, sin!le out tanmak, tehis etmek

i. If you can identify someone or something, you can recogni"e them and saywho or

ii. what they are.

1$+) ignore** ne!lect, disre!ard, oerlook ihmal etmek, *nemsememek

i. If you ignore someone or something, you deliberately take no notice of them.

1$1) immerse inole, en!ross, absorb dalmak, iin iine !irmek

i. If you immerse yourself in something, you become completely involved in it.

1$2) impair weaken, undermine, dama!e za"flatmak, zarar ermek

i. If you impair something, you damage it so that it stops working properly aformal

ii. word.

1$3) impede hinder, obstruct, hamper en!ellemek, mani olmak

i. To impede someone or something means to make their movement ordevelopment

ii. difficult.

1$4) imperil endan!er, .eopardize, hazard tehlike"e atmak

i. If you impose something on people, you force them to accept it.

1$) impose** le", char!e, dictate zorla kabul ettirmek, zorla almaki. If you impose something on people, you force them to accept it.

1$$) indicate reeal, show, su!!est !*stermek, iaret etmek

i. If something indicates a fact or situation, it shows that it e$ists.

1$&) induce moe, prompt, cause teik etmek, "ol amak

i. To induce a particular state or condition means to cause it.

1$') infer** understand, deduce, conclude sonu karmak, anlamak

i. If you infer something that is not stated directly, you decide that it is true, onthe

ii. basis of information you have.

1$() infringe iolate, trans!ress, contraene ihlal etmek, i-nemek

i. If you infringe a law or an agreement, you break it.

1&+) inhibit hinder, obstruct, impede en!el olmak

i. If something inhibits growth or development, it prevents it or slows it down.

1&1) initiate* start, launch, pioneer balatmak, *nderlik etmek

i. If you initiate something, you cause it to start.

1&2) inquire quer", probe, inesti!ate /soru) sormak, aratrmak

i. If you inquire about something, you ask for information about it.


12/19

1&3) inspire* ur!e, motiate, stimulate ilham ermek

i. If someone or something inspires you, they make you want to do somethingby

ii. giving you new ideas and enthusiasm.

1&4) instigate incite, prooke, foment kkrtmak, teik etmek

i.

To instigate an event or situation means to cause it to happen.

1&) integrate unif", unite, mer!e birlemek, b#t#nlemek

i. If people integrate into a social group, they mi$ with people in that group.

1&$) intensify* increase, eacerbate, deepen iddetlenmek, artmak, "-unlamak

1&&) interfere* interene, impede, hinder karmak, m#dahale etmek, en!el olmak

i. If you interfere in a situation, you become involved in it although it does notreally

ii. concern you used showing disapproval.

1&') interrupt break in, interfere, intrude kesmek, s*z#n# kesmek, ara"a !irmek

i. If you interrupt someone who is speaking, you say or do something thatcauses

ii. them to stop.

1&() intervene interfere, step in, meddle m#dahale etmek, ara"a !irmek

i. If you intervene in a situation, you become involved in it and try to change it.

1'+) investigate look into, inquire, probe aratrmak, soruturmak

i. If you investigate an event, situation, or allegation, you e$amine all the factsii. connected with it in order to discover the truth.

1'1) isolate* separate, se!re!ate, seclude a"rmak, a"r tutmak

i. If something isolates you or if you isolate yourself, you become physically orii. socially separated from other people.

1'2) issue* circulate, delier, release "a"nlamak

i. &repare and issue for public distribution or sale

==============%%%%%%%%%%=============

1'3)jeopardie* endan!er, risk, imperil tehlike"e atmak

i. If you !eopardi"e a situation, you do something that may destroy or damage it.

1'4)justify confirm, substantiate, indicate hakl karmak, do-rulamak

i. If someone !ustifies an action or idea, they give a good reason why it issensible or

ii. necessary.

==============&&&&&&''''''=============

1') launch start, be!in commence balamak, !irimek

i. They launched the new perfume with prime*time commercials on the ma!orii. networks.

1'$) levy impose, char!e, eact zorla almak, toplamak

i. To impose or collect.


13/19

1'&) magnify ea!!erate, oerstate, enlar!e abartmak, b#"#tmek

i. When a microscope or magnifying glass magnifies an ob!ect, it makes itappear

ii. bigger than it actually is.

1'') maintain** continue, keep, sustain deam ettirmek,

s#rd#rmeki. If you maintain something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or

growii. weaker.

1'() manage** accomplish, succeed, cope with baarmak, #stesinden !elmek

i. If you manage to do something, you succeed in doing it.

1(+) manifest reeal, displa", ehibit orta"a kmak, belirmek

i. If something is manifest, people can easily see that it e$ists or is true.

1(1) mar( honour an eent, celebrate dam!asn urmak, kutlamak

i. e marked the spot where the treasure was buried a career marked for glory.1(2) materialise appear, emer!e, come about orta"a kmak, !ereklemek

i. er dream really materiali"ed.1(3) meddle interfere, interene, interpose karmak, m#dahale etmek

i. If you meddle in something, you try to influence or change it without beingasked

ii. used showing disapproval.

1(4) mediate intercede, act as middleman arabuluculuk etmek

i. If you mediate between two groups, you try to settle a dispute between them.

1() merge* consolidate, unite, combine birlemek

i. If one thing merges with another or if someone merges them, they combineii. together to make a larger thing.

1($) mislead misinform, lead astra", mis!uide "anltmak, "anl "ola seketmeki. If you mislead someone, you make them believe something which is not true.

1(&) mitigate lessen, alleiate, ease hafifletmek, dindirmek

i. To mitigate something means to make it less unpleasant, serious, or painful.

1(') muse ponder, meditate, contemplate derin d##nmek, d##nce"e dalmak

i. If you muse, you think about something slowly and carefully.

1(() mutilate tear apart, disable, dama!e "aralamak, sakatlamak, zarar ermek

i. If someone is mutilated, their body is damaged very severely.

==============)))))=============

2++) neglect* i!nore, disre!ard, oerlook ihmal etmek, ciddi"e almamak

i. If you neglect someone or something, you do not look after them properly.

2+1) negotiate* discuss, debate, deal !*r#me "apmak, m#zakere etmek

i. If a person or group negotiates with another, or if two people or groupsnegotiate,

ii. they talk about a problem or situation on which they have different opinions inorder

iii. to find a solution.

2+2) nominate su!!est for election, desi!nate ada" !*stermek

i. If you nominate someone for a !ob, you suggest them as a candidate orformally choose them to hold that !ob.


14/19

2+3) notice detect, discern, obsere fark etmekdikkat etmek

i. If you notice something, you become aware of it.

2+4) notify* inform, !ie notice bildirmek, haberdar etmek

i. If you notify someone of something, you officially inform them of it.2+) nourish feed, nurture beslemek

i.

To nourish people or animals means to provide them with food.

2+$) nullify inalidate, annul, repeal !eersiz klmak, iptal etmek

i. To nullify something means to make it ineffective a formal use.

2+&) obliterate destro", eradicate, annihilate "ok etmek, "erle bir etmek

i. To obliterate something means to destroy it completely.

2+') obtain** !et, acquire, attain elde etmek, edinmek, almak

i. If you obtain something, you get it or achieve it a formal word.

2+() occupy capture, inade, seize i!al etmek

i. The people who occupy a building are the people who live or work there.

21+) offer su!!est, propose, put forward teklif etmek, sunmaki. If you offer something to someone, you ask them if they would like to have it

or toii. use it.

211) oppose* resist, stand up to, withstand kar !elmek, muhalefet etmek

i. If you oppose someone or oppose what they want to do, you disagree withwhat

ii. they want to do and try to prevent them from doing it.

212) oust remoe, dismiss, oerthrow karmak, elinden almak

i. If you oust someone from a !ob or a place, you force them to leave it.

213) outdo ecel, outshine, beat #st#n !elmek, "enmeki. If you outdo someone, you are more successful than they are at a particular

ii. activity.

214) outweigh predominate, preponderate, preail oer daha a-r !elmek, fazla olmak

i. If you say that the advantages of something outweigh the disadvantages, youii. mean that the advantages are more important than the disadvantages.

21) overcome* surmount, preail oer, defeat #stesinden !elmek, "enmek

i. If you overcome a problem or a feeling, you successfully deal with it or controlit.

21$) overloo( i!nore, disre!ard, ne!lect !*z "ummak, !*rmezlikten !elmek

i. If a building or window overlooks a place, you can see the place from thebuilding

ii. or window.21&) overwhelm oerpower, deastate, crush ezmek, #st#n !elmek

i. If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly andyou

ii. find it difficult to deal with.

==============+++++,,,,,=============

21') participate* take part, en!a!e in katlmak, "er almak

i. If you participate in an activity, you take part in it.ii. We are hoping you will participate in our discussion.


15/19

21() penetrate understand, appreciate, comprehend /zor bir e"i) anlamak, karamak

i. If someone or something penetrates a physical ob!ect or an area, theysucceed in

ii. getting into it or through it.

22+) perceive notice, obsere, discern karamak, farketmek

i.

If you perceive something, especially something that is not obvious, you see,notice, or reali"e it.

221) perish die, disappear, become etinct *lmek, "ok olmak, so"u t#kenmek

i. To perish means to die or be destroyed.

222) persist* continue to eist, surie srar etmek, kalmak, arl-n s#rd#rmek

i. If something undesirable persists, it continues to e$ist.

223) pledge promise, ow, swear s*z ermek, taahh#t etmek

i. % pledge is a solemn promise to do something.

224) plunge descend, sink, dra! batmak, batrmak, s#r#klemek

i. If something plunges in a particular direction, it falls in that direction.

22) ponder think deepl", deliberate, reflect uzun uzun d##nmek

i. If you ponder something, you think about it slowly and carefully.

22$) possess* hae, own, en.o" sahip olmak, akf olmak

i. If you possess something, you have it or own it.

22&) precede !o before, come first *nce !elmek

i. If one event or period of time precedes another, it happens before it.

22') precipitate hasten, speed up, accelerate hzlandrmak, abuklatrmak

i. If something precipitates a new event or situation, it causes it to happensuddenly.

22() preclude aert, thwart, inhibit en!el olmak, *nlemek

i. If something precludes an event or action, it prevents it from happening.

23+) preserve consere, maintain, safe!uard korumak, muhafaza etmek, s#rd#rmek

i. If you preserve a situation or condition, you make sure that it stays as it is.ii. +enuine letters of picurus and #ocrates have been preserved.-&D#/

231) prevail* dominate, predominate, preponderate baskn !elmek, #st#n !elmek

i. If a custom or belief prevails at a particular place or time, it is normal orgenerally

ii. accepted at that place or time.

232) probe inesti!ate, eamine closel", inquire deta"l aratrmak, soruturmaki. If you probe, you try to find out about something, for e$ample by asking a lot

ofii. questions.

233) proclaim* announce, declare, promul!ate ilan etmek

i. To proclaim something means to announce it.

234) procure obtain, acquire, secure sa-lamak, tedarik etmek

i. If you procure something, especially something that is difficult to get, youobtain it.

23) prohibit forbid, ban, restrict "asaklamak

i. If someone prohibits something, they forbid it or make it illegal.


16/19

23$) promote** adance, up!rade, moe up terfi etmek

i. If people promote something, they help or encourage it to develop orsucceed.

23&) propose** su!!est, offer, put forward *nermek, teklif etmek

i. If you propose a plan or idea, you suggest it to people for them to think about

andii. decide upon.

23') prosper* !row, flourish, thrie !elimek, b#"#mek

i. If people or businesses prosper, they are successful and do well financially.

23() prove** confirm, erif", demonstrate kantlamak, ispat etmek

i. To prove that something is true means to show definitely that it is true.

24+) provo(e* incite, insti!ate, stir kkrtmak

i. If you provoke someone, you deliberately annoy them and try to make themii. behave in an aggressive way.

241) purify clean, refine, cleanse temizlemek, arndrmak

i. If you purify a substance, you make it pure by removing any harmful, dirty, orii. inferior substances from it.

242) pursue** follow, maintain, keep on izlemek, s#rd#rmek

i. If you pursue an activity, interest, or plan, you do it or carry it out.

243) ratify* approe, affirm, confirm ona"lamak

i. When a government or organi"ation ratifies an agreement or proposal, itformally

ii. approves and adopts it.

244) rebu(e reprimand, criticize harshl", reproe iddetle azarlamak

i. If you rebuke someone, you speak severely to them because they have said

orii. done something that you do not approve of.

24) recall remember, recollect hatrlamak

i. When you recall something, you remember it.

24$) recede withdraw, retreat, draw back !eri ekilmek

i. If something recedes, it moves away into the distance.

24&) rec(on assume, suppose, presume tahmin etmek

i. If you reckon that something is true, you think it is true.

24') rectify correct, ri!ht, put ri!ht d#zeltmek

i. If you rectify something that is damaged or that is causing problems, youchange it

ii. so that it becomes correct or satisfactory.

24() reduce decrease, lessen, diminish azaltmak, indirmek

i. If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it.

2+) refrain abstain, forbear, for!o uzak durmak, saknmak

i. If you refrain from doing something, you deliberately do not do it.

21) refute disproe, rebut, confute #r#tmek, "alanlamak

i. If you refute something such as an allegation, theory or argument, you provethat it

ii.

is false or wrong.


17/19

22) regret be sorr" for, repent piman olmak, #z#lmek

i. If you regret something that you have done, you wish that you had not done it.

23) reinforce stren!then, fortif", bolster !#lendirmek, sa-lamlatrmak

i. If something reinforces a feeling, situation, or process, it strengthens it.

24) release ** liberate, set free, dischar!e serbest brakmak

i. To release someone means to set them free.

2) relieve ease, alleiate, miti!ate hafiflemek, rahatlamak

i. If something relieves an unpleasant feeling, it makes it less unpleasant.

2$) remain sta", be left, stand kalmak

i. To remain in a particular state means to stay in that state and not change.

2&) renounce !ie up, abandon, re.ect brakmak, az!emek, terketmek

i. If you renounce a belief or a way of behaving, you decide to stop having thatbelief

ii. or behaving in that way.

2') repeal abro!ate, inalidate, annul "#r#rl#kten kaldrmak, iptal etmeki. If the government repeals a law, it officially ends it.

2() reprimand rebuke, reproach, reproe iddetle azarlamak, knamak

i. If someone in authority reprimands you, they tell you officially that you havedone

ii. something wrong.

2$+) repudiate re.ect, renounce, disclaim reddetmek, inkar etmek, kabul etmemek

i. If you repudiate something, you say that you will not accept it or haveanything to

ii. do with it.

2$1) require*** need, necessitate, want !erektirmek, istemeki. They require more sleep than formerly.

2$2) resemble look like, be similar to benzemek

i. If one thing or person resembles another, they are similar to each other.

2$3) respond answer, repl", react ceap ermek, karlk ermek

i. When you respond to something that is done or said, you react by doing orsaying

ii. something yourself in reply.iii. &oor people respond differently from rich people to a rise in their incomes.

-&D#/

2$4) restrain curb, check, restrict snrlamak, en!el olmak, tutmaki. To restrain someone means to stop them doing what they were going to do.

2$) restrict limit, restrain, confine snrlamak, ksmak

i. If you restrict something, you put a limit on it to stop it becoming too large.

2$$) retain* keep, hold, maintain elinde tutmak, muhafaza etmek

i. If you restrict something, you put a limit on it to stop it becoming too large.

2$&) reveal** disclose, diul!e, uncoer orta"a karmak, a-a urmak

i. To reveal something means to make people aware of it.


18/19

==============-----.....=============

2$') satisfy fulfil, meet, answer karlamak, "erine !etirmek, tatmin etmek

i. If someone or something satisfies you, they give you enough of what you

want toii. make you pleased or contented.

2$() scatter disperse, diffuse, disseminate da-tmak, da-lmak, "a"mak

i. If things are scattered over an area or if you scatter them there, they arethrown or

ii. dropped so that they spread all over the area.

2&+) seie confiscate, capture, snatch ele !eirmek, "akalamak

i. If you sei"e something, you take hold of it quickly and firmly.

2&1) settle resole, clear, iron out halletmek, *zmek

i. When an argument or problem is settled, it has been ended because an

agreementii. has been reached.

2&2) solicit ask for, appeal, demand istemek, rica etmek, talep etmek

i. If you solicit money, help, or an opinion from someone, you ask them for it.

2&3) split separate, diide, disunite b*lmek, paralamak

i. If something splits or is split, it is divided into two or more parts.

2&4) strive stru!!le, endeaour, tr" hard abalamak, u-ramak

i. If you strive for something or strive to do something, you make a great effortto get

ii. or do it.

2&) submit hand in, surrender teslim etmek, ermek

i. If you submit to something, you accept it, because you are not powerfulenough to

ii. resist it.

2&$) supplied proide, furnish, brin! sa-lamak, tedarik etmek, !etirmek

i. % supplier is a person, company, or country that provides you with goods orii. equipment.

2&&) survive* lie, remain alie "aamak, ha"atta kalmak

i. If someone survives, they continue to live or e$ist in spite of great danger orii. difficulty.

2&') suspend stop temporaril", dela" !eici olarak durdurmaki. If something is suspended from a high place, it is hanging from that place.

==============///000111=============

2&() uphold adocate, endorse, back desteklemek, ona"lamak

i. If you uphold a law, principle, or decision, you support and maintain it.

2'+) violate break, disobe", infrin!e ihlal etmek, i-nemek

i. If you violate an agreement, law, or promise, you break it.

2'1) wield handle, eercise, emplo" kullanmak

i. If you wield a weapon, you carry it and use it.


19/19

2'2) withdraw take back, draw, etract !eri ekmek, !eri almak

i. If you withdraw something from a place, you remove it or take it away.

2'3) withstand* stand up to, face direnmek, kar ko"mak

i. To withstand a force or action means to survive it or not to let it defeat you.

kpdswords.doc

Documents