kp3 crystallization

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Crystallization Keteknikan Pengolahan 3 Nur Istianah,ST.MT.M.Eng

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Page 1: Kp3 crystallization

Crystallization

Keteknikan Pengolahan 3Nur Istianah,ST.MT.M.Eng

Page 2: Kp3 crystallization

Tujuan Kristalisasi

• Crystallisation has two types of purpose in food processing:

• (a) the separation of solid material from a liquid in order to obtain either a pure solid, e.g. salt or sugar, or a purified liquid, e.g. winterised salad oil and

• (b) the production of crystals within a food such as in butter, chocolate or ice cream.

Page 3: Kp3 crystallization

Struktur kristal

Page 4: Kp3 crystallization

Prinsip Dasar

Transfer massa

Solubilitas

• Laju transfer massa dipengaruhi konsentrasi larutan, geometri sistem dan kecepatan pengadukan

• K =mass transfer coefficient• p = density of the crystals

Page 5: Kp3 crystallization

Solubilitas Solubilitas:•Jumlah padatan non-hidrida maksimal terlarut dalam 100 g pelarut (air)

•Sebanding dengan suhu

spontaneous nucleation

Perlu bakal kristal

No crystal

Page 6: Kp3 crystallization

Mechanism

Conditioning solution

Equilibrium

Crystalizing

most food crystals are formed of molecular units bonded by van der Waals forces, or in a limited number of cases, ions bonded by ionic bonds.

Page 7: Kp3 crystallization

Mechanism

supersaturation of the liquid,

nucleation (formation of new crystal structures)

crystal growth

cooling , evaporation, chemical reaction

Page 8: Kp3 crystallization

Crystallization Equilibrium

• Terjadi antara kristal murni dan larutan• Kesetimbangan dipengaruhi solubilitas

(konsentrasi padatan) dan suhu• Kristal terbentuk saat kondisi larutan

melewati titik jenuh• Hambatan yang terjadi adalah transfer

massa dalam larutan dan ketahanan permukaan kristal agar menjadi kristal yang kuat

Page 9: Kp3 crystallization

NERACA MASSA

C= Jumlah kristal per 100 g pelarut F= konsentrasi larutan awal S= konsentrasi larutan jenuh

F

C

S

F = C + S

Page 10: Kp3 crystallization

NERACA MASSA

Y = Yield from a crystalliser W = the initial mass of water, C1 = the concentrations of solute before crystallisationC2 = the concentrations of solute after crystallisation V = the fraction of water evaporated.

Page 11: Kp3 crystallization

Contoh soal• Pada suhu 40°C, larutan garam memiliki

konsentrasi 40% sedangkan solubilitas garam pada suhu tersebut adalah 37 g / 100 g air, hitunglah jumlah garam yang mengkristal.

Page 12: Kp3 crystallization

Penyelesaian:• Konsentrasi larutan = 40 g / 100 g larutan• Massa garam/ g air = 40 g / (100-40) g air

= 40 g / 60 g air = 0.67• Massa garam/ 100 g air = 67 g / 100 g air

Titik jenuh larutan = 37 g / 100 g air• Massa kristal garam = (67 - 37) g / 100 g air

= 30 g / 100 g air

Page 13: Kp3 crystallization

Metode

1. Homogeneous nucleation

2. Heterogeneous nucleation

3. Agitation or viscous drag

4. Ultrasound

5. Freeze crystalisation

Page 14: Kp3 crystallization

Freeze crystalisation

Advantage • low energy requirements • better quality retention

Disadvantage • High cost

• Freeze concentration can be applied for the production of fresh water from the • sea, but this process is more expensive than conventional thermal evaporation • and newly developed RO. • Potential applications of freeze concentration in food processing include

concentration of citrus juices (oranges, grapefruit, mandarin), skim milk, coffee • extracts, vinegar, and beer. Improvement of the process could reduce the cost and • make the process more competitive.

Page 15: Kp3 crystallization

Freeze crystalisation

Ice crystalisation

Fat Fractionation

Dry Fractionation

Detergent Fractionation

Solvent Fractionation

Page 16: Kp3 crystallization

Freeze crystalisation

Page 17: Kp3 crystallization

Peralatan

Fluidised bed cooling crystalliser

Page 18: Kp3 crystallization

Peralatan

Fluidised bed evaporative crystalliser

Page 19: Kp3 crystallization

Aplikasi

Product A• crystallisation of sugar solutions:

Supersaturation is effected by evaporation(<85 C)

• the manufacture of chocolate and margarine: Fractional crystallisation

• Freese crystalisation: used forconcentrating liquids such as fruit juices or vinegar

Product B• Production of salt: multiple effect

evaporators of seawater• lactose, citric acid, monosodium

glutamate and aspartame.• Salad Dressings and Mayonnaise:

Crystallisation is carried out over 2–3 days with slow cooling to approximately 7 C

Page 20: Kp3 crystallization

TERIMA KASIH

Page 21: Kp3 crystallization

TUGAS(LATIHAN SOAL)

silahkan kerjakan soal-soal berikut kemudian kumpulkan pada jadwal pengganti yang telah ditentukan. Jika ada yang belum dipahami silahkan diskusikan pada saat pengumpulan tugas

Page 22: Kp3 crystallization

Soal 1• Tentukan massa kristal gula yang dihasilkan

dari proses kristalisasi gula dengan menggunakan bahan baku 100 kg larutan sukrosa 75 %. Proses kristalisasi dilakukan pada suhu 15 °C dan diketahui konsentrasi larutan sukrosa jenuh pada 15 °C adalah 66 %.

Page 23: Kp3 crystallization

Soal 2 • Pada suhu 17°C, larutan gula memiliki

konsentrasi 30.6% kg gula /100 kg air sedangkan solubilitas garam pada suhu tersebut adalah 8.6 kg gula/ 100 kg air. Selama proses kristalisasi terjadi penguapan air sebanyak 10%. Hitunglah jumlah yield kristalisasi tersebut.

Page 24: Kp3 crystallization

Soal 3 • Pada suhu 10°C, larutan gula memiliki

konsentrasi 30.6% kg gula /100 kg air sedangkan solubilitas garam pada suhu tersebut adalah 7 kg gula/ 100 kg air. Selama proses kristalisasi terjadi penguapan air sebanyak 10%. Hitunglah jumlah yield kristalisasi tersebut.