kozier - chapter 3 - nursing theories

Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, 8eBerman, Snyder, Kozier, ErbCopyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 3

Nursing Theories and Conceptual Frameworks

Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Question 1

“A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon” best defines

1. A concept.2. A conceptual framework.3. A theory.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 1

1. Concepts are mental images which are included within a theory.

2. A conceptual framework is a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts.

3. Correct. A supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon is a theory.

4. A paradigm is a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world.


Question 2

“A group of related ideas or statements” is a definition for

1. Philosophy.2. A conceptual framework.3. A theory.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 2

1. A philosophy is a belief system. 2. Correct. A group of related ideas or

statements is a conceptual framework.

3. A theory is a supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon.



Question 3

“A set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world” is a definition for

1. A concept.2. A conceptual framework.3. A practice discipline.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 3

1. Concepts are mental images. 2. A conceptual framework is a group of

related ideas, statements, or concepts. 3. A practice discipline is a field of study

in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.

4. Correct. A set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world is a paradigm.


Question 4

Which of the following is a reason nursing is considered a practice discipline?

1. Nursing focuses on performing the professional role.

2. It takes time and experience to become a competent nurse.

3. Research and theory development is a central focus.

4. Nurses function as members of a team who form a practice group.


Rationales 4

1. Correct. Practice disciplines are fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.

2. Time and experience are necessary for developing proficiency in any profession or career.

3. Research and theory development do not have performance as their primary focus.

4. The primary focus of nursing is providing quality service to humans. Team or group practice can be part of a career in humanities, computer science, or rocket science.


Question 5

Which of the following constitute the metaparadigm for nursing?

1. Nursing process, nursing diagnosis, nursing theory, nursing research.

2. Person, environment, health, nursing.3. Assessment, diagnosis, planning,

evaluation.4. Individual, family, group, community.


Rationales 5

1. Incorrect. 2. Correct. Person/client, environment,

health, and nursing are relevant when providing care for any client in any setting. These elements can be used to understand diseases, conduct and apply research, develop nursing theories, as well as implement the nursing process.

3. Incorrect. 4. Incorrect.


Differentiation of Terms

• Concept• Conceptual framework• Paradigm• Metaparadigm• Theory


Concepts

• Abstract ideas or mental images of phenomena or reality

• Often called the “building blocks” of theories

• Examples: mass, energy, ego, id


Conceptual Framework

• Group of related ideas, statements, or concepts

• Often used interchangeably with the terms “conceptual model” and “grand theories”

• Examples: Freud’s structure of the mind (id, ego, and superego)


Paradigm

• A pattern of shared understanding and assumptions about reality and the world

• Include notions of reality that are largely unconscious or taken for granted

• Derived from cultural beliefs• Examples: time, space


Metaparadigm

• Concepts that can be superimposed on other concepts

• Four major metaparadigms in nursing– Person– Environment– Health– Nursing


Theory

• Supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon

• Attempt to explain relationships between concepts

• Offer ways to conceptualize central interests of a discipline

• Example: Freud’s theory of the unconscious


Purposes of Nursing Theory

• Link among nursing theory, education, research, and clinical practice

• Contributes to knowledge development

• May direct education, research, and practice


Metaparadigms of Nursing

• Collectively include the following concepts:– Person or client– Environment– Health– Nursing

• Superimposed on almost any work in nursing


The Living Tree of Nursing Theories


• Natural Sciences– Theories provide a foundation and

direction for research– Often produce tangible results– Examples: knowledge that can be used

to control nature, disease, and foreign threats

Theory in the Sciences and Practice Disciplines


• Practice Disciplines– Theories work like lenses to interpret the

world of interest– Usefulness comes from helping to

interpret phenomenon from unique perspectives

– Building new understandings, relationships, possibilities

Theory in the Sciences and Practice Disciplines


• Debates about the role of theory in practice provide evidence that nursing is maturing

Use of Theory to Understand Clinical Practice


Thinking Point

As a tool, theory can either liberate or enslave

As a tool, theory can either liberate or enslave


Question 1

“A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon” best defines

1. A concept.2. A conceptual framework.3. A theory.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 1

1. Concepts are mental images which are included within a theory.

2. A conceptual framework is a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts.

3. Correct. A supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon is a theory.



Question 2

“A group of related ideas or statements” is a definition for

1. Philosophy.2. A conceptual framework.3. A theory.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 2

1. A philosophy is a belief system.2. Correct. A group of related ideas or

statements is a conceptual framework.

3. A theory is a supposition or system of ideas proposed to explain a given phenomenon.



Question 3

“A set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world” is a definition for

1. A concept.2. A conceptual framework.3. A practice discipline.4. A paradigm.


Rationales 3

1. Concepts are mental images. 2. A conceptual framework is a group of

related ideas, statements, or concepts. 3. A practice discipline is a field of study

in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.

4. Correct. A set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world is a paradigm.


Question 4

Which of the following is a reason nursing is considered a practice discipline?

1. Nursing focuses on performing the professional role.

2. It takes time and experience to become a competent nurse.

3. Research and theory development is a central focus.

4. Nurses function as members of a team who form a practice group.


Rationales 4

1. Correct. Practice disciplines are fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a professional role.

2. Time and experience are necessary for developing proficiency in any profession or career.

3. Research and theory development do not have performance as their primary focus.

4. The primary focus of nursing is providing quality service to humans. Team or group practice can be part of a career in humanities, computer science, or rocket science.


Question 5

Which of the following constitute the metaparadigm for nursing?

1. Nursing process, nursing diagnosis, nursing theory, nursing research.

2. Person, environment, health, nursing.3. Assessment, diagnosis, planning,

evaluation.4. Individual, family, group, community.


Rationales 5

1. Incorrect. 2. Correct. Person/client, environment,

health, and nursing are relevant when providing care for any client in any setting. These elements can be used to understand diseases, conduct and apply research, develop nursing theories, as well as implement the nursing process.

3. Incorrect. 4. Incorrect.


Resources

• Audio Glossary• Nursing Theory, Practice, and Research

This site exposes the nurse to various nursing theorists.

• Nursing Theory Link PageThis site was developed by a college of nursing and provides links to various nursing theorists Web sites.

• Unitary Health Care: Martha Rogers's Science of Unitary Human BeingsA Web site dedicated to Martha Rogers and her theory of unitary human beings.

http://www.tcns.org/

http://www.healthsci.clayton.edu/eichelberger/nursing.htm


Resources

• What is a mid-range theory?This Web page provides excerpts from literature on nursing theory.

• The collected works of Florence NightingaleThis site offers data on Florence Nightingale and her works.

• Boston College: Welcome to the nursing theorist web site.This site provides information on Sister Callista Roy's Theory of Adaptation.

• Welcome to the Caring Science Home PageThis site, created by the University of Colorado School of Nursing, details the Jean Watson Caring Theory.

• The Neuman Systems ModelThis is the home page for the Neuman Systems Model.

kozier - chapter 3 - nursing theories

Documents