korean j. soil sci. fert. vol.50, no.5, pp.336-344, 2017

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Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50, No.5, pp.336-344, 2017 Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Article https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2017.50.5.336 pISSN : 0367-6315 eISSN : 2288-2162 Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor Mijin Seo, Kyunghwa Han 1 *, Heerae Cho 1 , Junghun Ok 1 , Yongseon Zhang 1 , Youngho Seo 2 , Kangho Jung 1 , Hyubsung Lee 1 , and Gisun Kim 1 National Institute of Environmental Research, Goryeong 40103, Korea 1 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Korea 2 Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Chuncheon 24226, Korea *Corresponding author: [email protected] A B S T R A C T Received: July 4, 2017 Revised: September 15, 2017 Accepted: September 19, 2017 The soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) represents the relation between soil water potential and soil water content. The shape and range of SWCC according to the relation could vary depending on soil characteristics. The objective of the study was to estimate SWCC depending on soil types and layers and to analyze the trend among them. To accomplish this goal, the unsaturated three soils were considered: silty clay loam, loam, and sandy loam soils. Weighable lysimeters were used for exactly measuring soil water content and soil water potential. Two fitting models, van Genuchten and Campbell, were applied. Two models entirely fitted well the measured SWCC, indicating low RMSE and high R 2 values. However, the large difference between the measured and the estimated was found at the 30 cm layer of the silty clay loam soil, and the gap was wider as soil water potential increased. In addition, the non-linear decrease of soil water content according to the increase of soil water potential tended to be more distinct in the sandy loam soil and at the 10 cm layer than in the silty clay loam soil and at the lower layers. These might be seen due to the various factors such as not only pore size distribution, but also cracks by high clay content and plow pan layers by compaction. This study clearly showed difficulty in the estimation of SWCC by such kind of factors. Keywords: SWCC, Weighable lysimeter, Fitting model, Soil types, Soil layers Parameters obtained from the Campbell and van Genuchten models and goodness-of-fit results. Soil texture Layer (cm) Porosity (%) Campbell van Genuchten ฮจ b b RMSE R 2 ฮฑ n RMSE R 2 Sandy loam 10 58.1 1.48 9.16 0.30 0.98 0.45 1.12 0.30 0.98 30 47.9 2.08 7.20 0.17 0.99 0.30 1.17 0.13 0.99 55 48.3 4.93 13.83 0.05 0.98 0.03 1.37 0.04 0.98 Loam 10 54.7 1.51 11.31 0.34 0.98 0.41 1.10 0.24 0.99 30 44.5 3.01 17.48 0.12 0.98 0.13 1.09 0.09 0.99 55 46.8 2.61 19.07 0.09 0.95 0.14 1.09 0.08 0.96 Silty clay loam 10 54.7 2.19 18.00 0.51 0.95 0.20 1.07 0.36 0.98 30 46.8 0.69 64.87 0.28 0.77 1.20 1.02 0.30 0.75 55 46.8 2.97 53.24 0.16 0.77 0.12 1.03 0.16 0.79 โ’ธ The Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Page 1: Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50, No.5, pp.336-344, 2017

Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50, No.5, pp.336-344, 2017

Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer

Articlehttps://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2017.50.5.336

pISSN : 0367-6315 eISSN : 2288-2162

Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor

Mijin Seo, Kyunghwa Han1*, Heerae Cho1, Junghun Ok1, Yongseon Zhang1, Youngho Seo2, Kangho Jung1, Hyubsung Lee1,

and Gisun Kim1

National Institute of Environmental Research, Goryeong 40103, Korea1National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Korea2Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Chuncheon 24226, Korea

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

A B S T R A C T

Received: July 4, 2017

Revised: September 15, 2017

Accepted: September 19, 2017

The soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) represents the relation between soil water potential and soil

water content. The shape and range of SWCC according to the relation could vary depending on soil

characteristics. The objective of the study was to estimate SWCC depending on soil types and layers and to

analyze the trend among them. To accomplish this goal, the unsaturated three soils were considered: silty clay

loam, loam, and sandy loam soils. Weighable lysimeters were used for exactly measuring soil water content

and soil water potential. Two fitting models, van Genuchten and Campbell, were applied. Two models

entirely fitted well the measured SWCC, indicating low RMSE and high R2 values. However, the large

difference between the measured and the estimated was found at the 30 cm layer of the silty clay loam soil,

and the gap was wider as soil water potential increased. In addition, the non-linear decrease of soil water

content according to the increase of soil water potential tended to be more distinct in the sandy loam soil and

at the 10 cm layer than in the silty clay loam soil and at the lower layers. These might be seen due to the

various factors such as not only pore size distribution, but also cracks by high clay content and plow pan

layers by compaction. This study clearly showed difficulty in the estimation of SWCC by such kind of factors.

Keywords: SWCC, Weighable lysimeter, Fitting model, Soil types, Soil layers

Parameters obtained from the Campbell and van Genuchten models and goodness-of-fit results.

Soil textureLayer

(cm)

Porosity

(%)

Campbell van Genuchten

ฮจb b RMSE R2ฮฑ n RMSE R2

Sandy loam 10 58.1 1.48 9.16 0.30 0.98 0.45 1.12 0.30 0.98

30 47.9 2.08 7.20 0.17 0.99 0.30 1.17 0.13 0.99

55 48.3 4.93 13.83 0.05 0.98 0.03 1.37 0.04 0.98

Loam 10 54.7 1.51 11.31 0.34 0.98 0.41 1.10 0.24 0.99

30 44.5 3.01 17.48 0.12 0.98 0.13 1.09 0.09 0.99

55 46.8 2.61 19.07 0.09 0.95 0.14 1.09 0.08 0.96

Silty clay loam 10 54.7 2.19 18.00 0.51 0.95 0.20 1.07 0.36 0.98

30 46.8 0.69 64.87 0.28 0.77 1.20 1.02 0.30 0.75

55 46.8 2.97 53.24 0.16 0.77 0.12 1.03 0.16 0.79

โ’ธ The Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Page 2: Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50, No.5, pp.336-344, 2017

Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor โˆ™ 337

Introduction

ํฌํ™” ํ† ์–‘์€ ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์ƒ, ์•ก์ƒ, ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์‚ผ์ƒ ์ค‘ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™์€ ์••๋ ฅํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋ ฅ

ํฌํ…์…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‚ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ํ† ์–‘์€ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋ ฅํฌํ…์…œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›

์œผ๋ฉฐ ํฌํ™” ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„  (Soil Water Characteristics Curve, SWCC)

์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅํฌํ…์…œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ›„์— ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ํก์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€

๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜

๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๊ฐœ์‹œ์ , ๊ด€๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์ ˆ์•ฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ

๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Hur et al., 2006). ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ† ์–‘ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ „๋„๋„, ์–‘๋ถ„ ์ด๋™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ณก์„ ์€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค (Hillel, 1971; Taylor and Ashcroft, 1972). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด ๋ฌผ ์ด๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด์„์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ-์‹๋ฌผ-ํ† ์–‘

์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ์†์  ๋ฌผ์ˆœํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์€ ๋†์—… ์ˆ˜์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ

์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค (Eom et al., 1995; Hur et al., 2006; Hur et al., 2010; Jabro et al., 2009; Kang et al., 2002;

Ki and Kim, 2008; Kim, 2003; Lee et al., 2005; Too et al., 2014). ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ช…๋œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋“ค

์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ˆ, ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (Eom et al., 1995; Hur et al., 2006). ๋˜ํ•œ,

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ํ† ์–‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹ค์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ธก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•„๋“œ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜

์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค (Jung et al., 2015; Ki and Kim, 2008; Kim, 2003; Park et al., 2010; Shin et al.,

2004). ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ† ์–‘ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ต๋ž€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ (Jung et al., 2015)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰

๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ (precision weighable lysimeter)๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๋ž€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ง„๋œ ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ํ† 

์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ด๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ€

ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์†์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ •์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Seo et al., 2016). ํ•˜์ง€

๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋…ผ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค๋…„ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ํ›„ ์จ

๋ ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์‹ฌํ•จ์—๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ† ์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ , ์ž…๋„๋ถ„ํฌ, ์šฉ์ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

(Fredlund and Xing, 1994; Jung et al., 2015; Song, 2013; Tuller and Or, 2004). ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์žฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธต ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ์—ฐ์†

์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ (Park et al., 1994), ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ† ์–‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ธต

์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธต์œ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ค€์„ค

ํ† , ํ™”๊ฐ•ํ’ํ™”ํ† , ์ ์„ฑํ† , ์‚ฌ์งˆํ†  ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ† ์–‘ (Kang et al., 2002; Shin et al., 2004; Song, 2004)์— ๋”ฐ

๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Hur et al. (2010)์€ ์ ํ† ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 120 cm ์ธต์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ 3๊ฐœ ์ธต์œ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„

์–ด ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ณด์œ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜

๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋‹ค.

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338 โˆ™ Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Vol. 50, No. 5, 2017

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋…ผ ํ† ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ณด์œ  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน

์„ฑ์ด ์„œ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ง„๋œ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹ค์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”

์ •๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ† ์–‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Materials and Methods

์‹œํ—˜ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธก์ • ์‹œํ—˜์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ† ์–‘์ธ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  (Silty clay loam), ์–‘ํ†  (Loam), ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† 

(Sandy loam) ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๊ต๋ž€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ์ด์ „ ๋…ผ ํ† ์–‘์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ๋Š” ์ต์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ

๋ถ€์šฉํ†ต์œผ๋กœ mesic family of Typic Endoaqualfs์— ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ๋Š” ์ „์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์„œํ†ต์œผ๋กœ

mesic family of Anthraquic Eutrudepts์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ† ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ† ์–‘์ž…๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜

๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์ค‘๊ณ„๋ฒ• (Gee and Bauder, 1986)์œผ๋กœ, ์ „์šฉ์ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ฝ”์•„๋ฒ• (Blake and Hartge, 1986)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 3๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ

๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ๋Š” ํ‘œํ† ์˜ ์ ํ† ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด 30% ์ •๋„๋กœ ์–‘ํ† ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ

๋†’์€ ์ ํ† ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์šฉ์ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š”

ํ‘œํ† ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ฌํ† ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์žฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  1 m2, ๊นŠ์ด 1.5 m์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰

๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (Fig. 1). ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์žฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ 5๊ฐœ ์ธต์œ„ (10, 30, 55, 85, 125 cm)๋งˆ๋‹ค

120ยฐ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” UMP-1 (Soil moisture sensor; UGT, Germany)๊ณผ Tensio 160 (Tensiometer; UGT, Germany)

์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (Fig. 1). ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ผ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹ค์ธก์น˜์™€ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜

๋ถ„์žฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์€ ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€

์Šต์œค๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์„๋˜

์–ด ์™”๋‹ค (Hillel, 1998). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 10์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธต์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ

์† ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” data logger (UGTLog; UGT, Germany)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„

ํฌํ…์…œ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ 85 cm์™€ 125 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 55 cm ์ธต์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„

ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Properties of three different types of study soil.

Soil texture

(Soil taxonomy)

Soil depth

(cm)

Bulk density

(Mg m-3)

Distribution of soil particles (%)Soil texture of each layer

Sand Silt Clay

Silty clay loam

(Typic

Endoaqualfs)

10 1.11 ยฑ 0.11โ€  5.9 64.1 30.0 Silt clay loam

30 1.38 ยฑ 0.09 5.3 54.5 40.2 Silt clay

55 1.37 ยฑ 0.09 2.7 55.1 42.2 Silt clay

Loam

(Anthraquic

Eutrudepts)

10 1.20 ยฑ 0.05 42.3 47.7 10.0 Loam

30 1.47 ยฑ 0.07 44.7 45.3 10.0 Loam

55 1.41 ยฑ 0.05 43.8 47.2 9.0 Loam

Sandy loam

(Anthraquic

Eutrudepts)

10 1.20 ยฑ 0.03 52.6 37.4 10.0 Sandy loam

30 1.41 ยฑ 0.07 50.1 40.9 9.0 Loam

55 1.41 ยฑ 0.05 50.1 40.9 9.0 Loam

โ€ mean ยฑ standard deviation.

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Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor โˆ™ 339

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ณด์œ  ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”์ • ๋ชจํ˜•

(fitting model)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„  ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” van

Genuchten (1980) ๋ชจํ˜• (Mishra et al., 1989)๊ณผ Brooks and Corey (1964) ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ Campbell (1974) ๋ชจํ˜•

์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. van Genuchten (1980)์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ Mualem (1976)์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Eq. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(Eq. 1)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ฮธe๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰, ฮธs๋Š” ํฌํ™”์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰, ฮธr์€ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰, ฮธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰, n์€ ๊ณต๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ด€

๋ จ๋œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (n > 1), m์€ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (1-1/n), ฮจ๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํฌํ…์…œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ฮฑ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์œ ์ž…

๊ฐ€ (Air-Entry Value, AEV)์˜ ์—ญํ•จ์ˆ˜ (ฮฑ>0)์ด๋ฉฐ, AEV (ฮฑ-1)๋Š” ํ† ์–‘ ๊ณต๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ง€์ ์—

์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํฌํ…์…œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. van Genuchten (1980) ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญํฌํ…์…œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ† 

์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Park et al., 1994).

Brooks and Corey (1964) ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ Campbell (1974) ๋ชจํ˜•์€ Eq. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, b๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ

๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’์— ์„ ํ˜•ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถค์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ฮจb๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์œ ์ž…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Campbell (1974) ๋ชจ

ํ˜•์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Eq. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(Eq. 2)

Fig. 1. Weighable lysimeter cross-section (a: weighable lysimeter; b: 10 g accuracy load cells; c: sensors for five

measurement levels; d: automatic data logger).

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340 โˆ™ Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Vol. 50, No. 5, 2017

(Eq. 3)

๊ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์—‘์…€์˜ ํ•ด์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜

๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ทผ ์˜ค์ฐจ (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)์™€ ๊ฒฐ์ •

๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (coefficient of determination, R2)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Results and Discussion

๋ชจํ˜•์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ van Genuchten ๋ชจํ˜•์ด Campbell ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€

๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค (Table 2). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Figs. 2~4์—์„œ ์•Œ

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ž‘์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ

์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค (Table 2). ์„ธ ํ† ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ

๋†’์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ๋Š”

๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ† ์„ฑ

์—์„œ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ์˜ ๊ฒฝ

์šฐ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ (Fig. 2) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† 

Table 2. Parameters obtained from the Campbell and van Genuchten models and goodness-of-fit results.

Soil textureLayer

(cm)

Porosity

(%)

Campbell van Genuchten

ฮจb b RMSE R2ฮฑ n RMSE R2

Sandy loam 10 58.1 1.48 9.16 0.30 0.98 0.45 1.12 0.30 0.98

30 47.9 2.08 7.20 0.17 0.99 0.30 1.17 0.13 0.99

55 48.3 4.93 13.83 0.05 0.98 0.03 1.37 0.04 0.98

Loam 10 54.7 1.51 11.31 0.34 0.98 0.41 1.10 0.24 0.99

30 44.5 3.01 17.48 0.12 0.98 0.13 1.09 0.09 0.99

55 46.8 2.61 19.07 0.09 0.95 0.14 1.09 0.08 0.96

Silty clay loam 10 54.7 2.19 18.00 0.51 0.95 0.20 1.07 0.36 0.98

30 46.8 0.69 64.87 0.28 0.77 1.20 1.02 0.30 0.75

55 46.8 2.97 53.24 0.16 0.77 0.12 1.03 0.16 0.79

Fig. 2. Soil water characteristics curve of the silty clay loam soil at the 10 cm (a), 30 cm (b), and 55 cm (c) layers.

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Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor โˆ™ 341

์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ํญ์ด ์„ธ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ -100 kPa์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ํฌ๊ธฐ์ธ 3 mm๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ณต๊ทน๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. Han et al. (2008)์—์„œ๋„ ์ ํ† ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜

๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ํญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์œ ์ž…๊ฐ€ (AEV)๋Š” ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ

๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค (Table 2). ์ด ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (Hillel, 1998; Park et al., 2010)์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฐ ๊ณต๊ทน์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์งˆ

ํ† ์–‘์ธ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ํ† ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† 

์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ง€์ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์œ ์ž… ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณด

๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ AEV์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 55 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ AEV์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Hur et al. (2010)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธต์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก AEV๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–‘ํ† ์˜ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” 55 cm ์ธต์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ AEV์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Assouline (2006)์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก

์„ ์€ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์šฉ์ ๋ฐ€๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์šฐ๋จ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„๊ฐ€ 55 cm ์ธต์œ„์— ๋น„

ํ•ด AEV ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์จ๋ ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน์„ ๋ง‰์•„ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์šฉ์ ๋ฐ€๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„  ๋ถ„์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ† 

์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค (Figs. 2~4). ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„

ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค (Hillel, 1998). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘์ž…์ž๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ธ ํ† ์–‘๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ

์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค (Fig. 5). ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ† ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ (Fredlund and Xing, 1994; Hillel,

1998; Park et al., 2010)์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ํ† ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„“์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’

์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ณด์œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ํ†  ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ทน

์ด ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํก์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํš๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์ด

Fig. 3. Soil water characteristics curve of the loam soil at the 10 cm (a), 30 cm (b), and 55 cm (c) layers.

Fig. 4. Soil water characteristics curve of the sandy loam soil at the 10 cm (a), 30 cm (b), and 55 cm (c) layers.

Page 7: Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol.50, No.5, pp.336-344, 2017

342 โˆ™ Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer Vol. 50, No. 5, 2017

์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Hillel, 1998). ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต

๊ทน์ด ํฌ๋ฉฐ ํก์ฐฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ํ† ์–‘

์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” 10 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋” ๋„“์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค

๋ฅธ ์ธต์œ„์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค (Fig. 5). ๋ฌผ ์ด๋™์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋”

์šฑ ์ข์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์œ„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌ

์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ด๋™์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ณด์œ ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ ํ† ์„ฑ์€ 10

cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„, 30 cm์™€ 55 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 55 cm ์ธต

์œ„์—์„œ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋ณด์œ ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค (Fig. 4). ์ด๋Š” 55 cm ์ธต์œ„ ๊ทผ

์ฒ˜์— ๋‹ค์ง์ธต์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌผ ๊ณ ์ž„ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Seo et al. (2016)๋„ ๊ฒฝ์šด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Ÿ๊ธฐ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ธต

๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์ง์ธต์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ์ด๋™์˜ ์ œํ•œ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ†  55 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ AEV์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜

ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ง์ธต์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  30 cm ์ธต์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์ถ”์ •๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌ

ํ…์…œ -2 ~ -7 kPa์—์„œ 2% ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (Fig. 2(b)). ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ

์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  30 cm ์ธต์œ„๋Š” ์ ํ† ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด 40%๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์‹œ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๋œ ํ† ์–‘์ด ๋‚™์ˆ˜ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋˜์–ด ๊ท ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต

๊ทน์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ -2 ~ -7 kPa ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ํ‰๊ท  ์ง€๋ฆ„ 60 mm์˜ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน์ด ์•ฝ 2% ์ •๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ

๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ท ์—ด์€ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ†  (-10 ~ -30 kPa)๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  (-2 ~ -40 kPa)๊ฐ€

ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ์˜ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ’์„ ๋” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด -10 ~ -40 kPa ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.5% ์ดํ•˜

๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  30 cm ์ธต์œ„๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน (60 mm)์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ณต๊ทน (10 mm ์ดํ•˜)์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ทน

ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ถ„ํฌ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” van Genuchten๊ณผ Campbell ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€

๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ AEV ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ท ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  55 cm ์ธต์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌํ…์…œ -2 ~ -7 kPa ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ -10 ~ -40

kPa ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ทน๋Ÿ‰์€ 30 cm ์ธต์œ„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ 0.5% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์–‘ํ† ์™€ ์‚ฌ์–‘ํ† ์—์„œ van Genuchten๊ณผ Campbell ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์งˆ์‹์–‘ํ†  30 cm ์ธต์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณต๊ทน

ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ณต๊ทน๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ณต๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์ด์›์ ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์—

์„œ van Genuchten๊ณผ Campbell ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆํฌํ™” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ† ์–‘์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•ด

์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (Han et al., 2008).

Fig. 5. Comparison of the measured soil water characteristics curves among the three soils at the 10 cm (a), 30 cm (b),

and 55 cm (c) layers.

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Interpreting in situ Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Paddy Soil Types Using Undisturbed Lysimeter with Soil Sensor โˆ™ 343

Conclusions

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๋ž€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ผ์ด์‹œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋…ผ ํ† ์–‘์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ผ์„œ์™€ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„์žฅ๋ ฅ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์„ฑ๋ณ„

๋ฐ ์ธต์œ„๋ณ„ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  van Genuchten๊ณผ Campbell ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋…ผ์€ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‚™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๊ต๋ž€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ํ† ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†๊ฒฝ์ง€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ

์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

This study was financially supported by a grant from the research project (No. PJ010867) of National Institute of

Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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