kopernik project impact analysis (timor-leste)
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Analysis on the impact of d.light solar lights and Q Drums in Oecusse, Timor-Leste
By Fundesaun Esperanza Enclave Oecusse (FEEO), Centro Feto & Kopernik
June 2011
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Q Drum project impact analysis
3. Solar light project impact analysis
4. Annex
1: Introduction
Kopernik is an online marketplace connecting people in the developing world with innovative, life-changing technologies.
Through Kopernik’s Fellowship programme, Michael Woon and Sally Bolton were deployed to work with Kopernik’s local partners, Centro Feto and FEEO in Oecusse, Timor-Leste.
Michael and Sally worked closely with the representatives and staff members of Centro Feto and FEEO during their fellowship period (from November 2010 to June 2011).
These are the results of their research on the impact of two of the technologies, solar lights and rollable water containers, that Kopernik helped disseminate.
About Oecusse, Timor-Leste
• Oecusse is an isolated enclave on the north coast of Timor, bordered by the Indonesian territory of West Timor.
• Approximately 45% of Oecusse’s population of 67,000 live below the poverty line. • Almost every household in the enclave reports that there is at least one month each year
when they do not have enough food to eat.
Oecusse
2: Q DRUM Project impact analysis
Project summary
Objective Relieve the burden of carrying water for the women of East Timor
Tech seeker Centro Feto
Location Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Tech category
Water and Sanitation
Technology and number
30 Q Drums
Problems to be solved
Many women and children in Timorese households spend hours in fetching water. This deprives them of more productive use of time, exposes them to threats and affects their health conditions.
How can the technology solve the problem
D drum enables one person to carry over 50 litres of water in one trip, significantly reducing the time to transport water.
Distribution approach
Q drum is sold at $10, by the staff of Centro Feto in the sub district of Osilo
Project budget $ 6,172
Assessment timeline: People were asked about change s after using Q drum for 1.5 - 2 months
First base line survey
(n=13)
21-23 Dec 2010
Second base line survey
(n=17)
6 Feb 2011
First post usage survey(n=9)
23 Feb 2011
Second post usage survey(n=21)
23-30 March 2011
2 months
1.5- 2 months Baseline
Post usage
Characteristics of Q-Drum users
Female97%
Male3%
Sex
Less than 25 yo27%
Between 26-40 yo
36%
Between 41-55 yo
7%
Over 56 yo30%
Age
Less than 2 people
7%
Between 3 and 5 people36%
Over 6 people57%
Household size
Less than $2020%
Between $21-$50
43%
Between $51 and
$10027%
Over $101 10%
Monthly household spending
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
Mean: 40.6 yoMedian: 38.5 yoStandard Dev: 18.1
Mean: $55.9Median: $40Standard Dev: 43
Mean: 5.6Median: 6Standard Dev: 2.0
Before the introduction of the Q Drum, 66% of house holds used to spend more than an hour each day collecting water. Since using the Q-Drum this figure has decreased to 36%.
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
Less than 1 hour
Between 1 -2 hours
More than 2 hours
10
BeforePersons
AfterPersons
19
8
12
5
6
Average time spent to collect water per day
Before After
1hour 21
minutes 50 minutes
39% reduction
1: How many hours do you spend to collect water per day?‘How many hours do you spend collecting water each day?’
Before the Q Drum, 92% were making more than one tr ip per day to collect water. Since using the Q Drum, this number has dec reased to 30%.
2,1 times
1.3 times
40% reduction
Average number of times to collect water per day (number)*
Before After
* N=13 people for this question. Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
once
twice
three times
1
BeforePersons
AfterPersons
9
9
3
4
0
‘How many times do you collect water per day?’*
Before the Q Drum, multiple people collected water in 70% of households. After the Q Drum, the number of households that req uired more than one person to collect water dropped to 37%
Average number of family members to collect water per day (person)
Before After
29% reduction
2.07 person
1,47 person
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
One member
Two members
Three members
9
BeforePersons
AfterPersons
19
10
11
8
3
‘How many family members collect water?’
Before the Q Drum 73% of households had their child ren collect water. Since the Q Drum this figure dropped to 53%
Average number of children to collect water per day (person)
1.23 person
0.67 person
Before After
46% reduction
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
No children
One child
Two children
9
BeforePersons
AfterPersons
14
7
15 4
12
‘How many children in your family collect water?’
3: Solar light project impact analysis
Objective Lighting up Oecusse phase 1
Tech seeker Fundesaun Esperanza Enclave Oecusse (FEEO)
Location Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Tech category
Energy and Environment
Technology and number
D.light’s S250 * 245 units and S10 * 718 units of Solar lights
Problems to be solved
1% of the population in Oecusse have access to stable supply of electricity. On average households are spending $13 per month on kerosene for lighting.
How can the technology solve the problem
The project distributes, through FEEO’s women’s self help groups, two types of solar lights at subsidized prices to the poor households in Oecusse. This is the first phase of the Light-Up Timor-Leste project.
Distribution approach
S250 was sold at $10-$12, and S10 at $5-6. Lower prices are applied to the members of the self-help groups, and higher prices to the non- members.
Project budget $23,101
プロジェクト概要１プロジェクト概要１プロジェクト概要１プロジェクト概要１Project summary
Assessment timeline: People were asked about change s, after using solar lights for 2 - 4.5 months
First base line survey
29 Dec 2010
Second base line survey
8 Jan 201123-30 March
2011
15 -23 Jan 2011
1 March 2011
Third base line survey
Fourth base line survey
18 - 28 Feb 2011
First post usage survey
Second post usage survey
Third post usage survey
1-11 April 2011
Fourth post usage survey
15 June 2011
Fifth post usage survey
Baseline
Post usage
3 March 2011
Questionnaire respondents (N=55)
Female56%
Male44%
Sex Less than 25 yo2%
Between 26-40 yo
64%
Between 41-55 yo
27%
Over 56 yo7%
Age
Less than 2 people
4%
Between 3 and 5 people53%
Over 6 people43%
Household size
Less than $2029%
Between $21-$50
13%Between $51 and
$10040%
Over $101 18%
Monthly household spending
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
Mean: 38.8 yoMedian: 39 yoStandard Dev: 9.16
Mean: $71Median: $60Standard Dev: 54.2
Mean: 5.2Median: 5Standard Dev: 1.94
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Conventional means of lighting have been significan tly (but not fully) replaced by solar lighting
‘What do you use for lighting?’
Flash light
Candle
Gas light
Kerosenelamp
94.5%
25.5%
63.6%23.6%
16.4%
0%
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
9.1% 3.6%
BeforePercent
AfterPercent
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Even among the families still using kerosene lamps, their reliance on this source of lighting has decreased
100% = 52 households
30.8
42
14
6 1.9 5.8
1 lamp
2 lamps
3 lamps
4 lamps
5 lamps
Invalid data
100% = 13 households
‘How many kerosene lamps do you use at home?’
# of kerosene lamps used at home (Before)
# of kerosene lamps used at home(After)
15.4
4.34.3
69.2
1 lamp2 lamps
3 lamps
4 lamps
On average, over $13 has been saved per month, acco unting for a 94% reduction in expenditure on lighting
Source: Kopernik/Centro Feto Survey 2010-2011
‘How much do you spend on lighting per month?’
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Before After
Median = 8
Median = 0
Histograms of monthly expenditure on lighting (n=48)USD
13.95
0.85
Before After
94% reduction
Average monthly expenditure on lighting (n=48)USD
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
More children are studying at night, but not for lo nger….
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Number of families who answered ‘study’Families
Average number of hours spent on studyingHours
3543
Before After
1 hour and 30
minutes
Before After
1 hour and 12
minutes
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
More families attend to agriculture/livestock relat ed activities
* Including feeding pigs, putting goats into the pen, tying up the horses, putting chickens to sleepSource: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Number of families who reported agriculture/livestock related activities*Families
Average number of hours spent on these activitiesHours
24
42
Before After
1 hour and 12
minutes
Before After
51 minutes
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Source: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
More families are spending more time on income gene rating activities
* Including weaving tais (traditional cloth), mats, baskets and ropesSource: Kopernik/FEEO Survey 2010-2011
Number of families who reported income generating activities*Families
Average number of hours spent on these activitiesHours
8
20
Before After
1 hour and 30
minutes
Before After
2 hours and 16
minutes
‘What do members of your family do at night?’
Annex: About the local partners
• Centro Feto (Women’s Centre) is a non-government organisation (NGO) that works to combat domestic violence and advocate for the empowerment of women.
• As well as providing a small refuge and counseling service for women and children suffering from domestic violence, Centro Feto works with the community and other NGOs to develop strategies to overcome domestic violence and promote gender equality.
• Centro Feto implemented the Q Drum project.
• FEEO is a Timorese non-government organisation (NGO) founded in October 2008. FEEO is based in Pantemakassar, the district capital of Oecusse, and works throughout the enclave to support rural development.
• The director of FEEO, Merita de Jesus Marques, is from the Passabe sub-district of Oecusse and has extensive experience in the field of poverty reduction.
• FEEO implemented the solar light project.