kompmm

7/30/2019 kompmm

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kompmm 1/135

Computer and Multimediain Education:

eory an oncepts

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 1

7/30/2019 kompmm


What is Educational Technology?

AV ITProcess

Teachin

TV, Radio,

Di ital TV Com uterMethodologies Cellular phone,

etc

and Internet

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 2

7/30/2019 kompmm


WHAT IS COMPUTER IN EDUCATION ?

It is the use of com uters in the desi n development, delivery and evaluation of teaching

and learning materials (instruction)

It means:

-

• computer-assisted instruction (CAI)

• computer-assisted language learning (CALL)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 3

7/30/2019 kompmm


WHAT IS LEARNING ?

permanent change in an individual’s knowledge or

behaviour , , . , . .,

To learn is to change (or have the capacity to change)one’s level of ability or knowledge in a permanent way

a person with his/her environment

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 4

7/30/2019 kompmm


INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

Cooperative learning

Discoveryiscovery

Problem solvingInstructional games

Simulation

DiscussionDrill and practicerill and practice

Tutorial

Demonstrationemonstration

Presentation

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 5

7/30/2019 kompmm


INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES

Focusing questions

Highlightingighlighting

AnalogiesMnemonics

Imageryy

Concept mapsEmbedded questionsmbedded questions

Feedback

Case studiesase studies

Role playing

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 6

7/30/2019 kompmm


LEARNING THEORIES

A learning theory is an organised set of principlesexplaining how individuals learn; that is, how theyacquire new a i ities an or now e ge

(Newby, T.J., 2000)

Learning Theory Main Principle

e av oura erspec ve re n orcemen

Cognitivist Perspective organised information

Constructivist Perspective learn from one another

No one learning theory is the BEST and integratingthem with different learning situation may look the

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 7

best.

7/30/2019 kompmm


LATIHAN

Sub-topik pengajaran:

Kaedah:

-

Teknik:

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 8

PADAM TEKS

7/30/2019 kompmm


TYPES OF MEDIA with ATTRIBUTES

Instructional Media Key Attributes

Real objects and models Actual item or 3-D

representation

Video Moving pictures

Audio Sound

rap cs v sua s, s es,overhead transparencies)

c ures, ne raw ngs,maps

Multimedia Combination of various media forms

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 9

7/30/2019 kompmm


WHAT IS MULTIMEDIA ?

A computer-based process that

combines text, graphics, sound,

,

application that can be used to

inform, entertain, educate, or

mo va e.

J ames E Shuman (2000)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 10

7/30/2019 kompmm


Klasifikasi Multimedia dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran

Sumber: Ismail Zain 2002

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 11

7/30/2019 kompmm


MULTIMEDIA RESEARCH

A research by Computer Technology Research (CTR)in 1993 showed that an individual can understandan earn :

• 20 % of what they see

• 30% of what they hear

• 50% of what they see and hear

• ,

Findings indicated that average learning time has beenre uce s gn can y an ac evemen eve s ncreasewhen multimedia is used for learning

Prof. James Kulik, 1985, 1986, 1991, 1994

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 12

7/30/2019 kompmm


MULTIMEDIA RESEARCH

Sumber: Brent dan Felder (1997) dalam

~

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 13

. . . _ .

7/30/2019 kompmm


THE LEARNING PIRAMID

The learnin iramid

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 14

(Source: in Hofstetter, F.T., 2001)

7/30/2019 kompmm


Apakah kebaikan dan keburukan multimedia?

KEBAIKAN KEBURUKAN

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 15

PADAM TEKS

7/30/2019 kompmm


ADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA

The advantages of multimedia are as follow :

• earn ng w e more e ec ve w e n egra onof various multimedia elements

• will capture the interest and motivation of thelearner

• learner can learn at his/her own free time/will/pace(self-paced, self-directed, self-access)

• no teaching manpower is needed (role as facilitatoronly). In addition, it saves cost and time.

• lots of learning materials and sources areincorporated in a multimedia presentation

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 16

7/30/2019 kompmm


MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS

Audio Audio

GraphicsGraphicsCdsds

Video Video

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 17

An mat on An mat on

7/30/2019 kompmm


TEXT

Text is an effective way to communicateideas and rovide instructions to users

Font Classification

Classification of font :

Serif

Square serif

Script

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 18

Decorative / Alternative

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font Classification

SERIF

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 19

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font Classification

-

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 20

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font Classification

SQUARE-SERIF

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 21

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font Classification

SCRIPT

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 22

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font Classification

ALTERNATIVE

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 23

7/30/2019 kompmm


Never have this scheme in your presentation

Clash scheme

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 24

7/30/2019 kompmm


GRAPHICS

A graphic is said to be worth athousand words if it is shown

wh n it i n

,

• bitmaps (based on pixels)•

equations)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 25

7/30/2019 kompmm


Gra hic ima es

• A di ital dis la is divided into discrete, individually addressable

• Images are produced by

each pixel

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 26

7/30/2019 kompmm


Vector Graphics

• It is stored as a set of instruction

and shape of every component of the drawing

• ,

instruction is read and converted o e s apes an co ors a

comprise the image• Created by DRAW programs

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 27

, , .

7/30/2019 kompmm


Vector Graphics

• Advantages:

• Object orientation: objects in a

ra hic can be mani ulated separately

•

• D sa vantages:

• The lar er the ra hic the lon er ittakes to render the image

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 28

7/30/2019 kompmm


Bit Maps

• It is stored as a set of bits incomputer memory t at e ne t e

color and intensit of each ixelin an image

(photo, art work) or using PAINT programs a nt rus ,

PaintSho Pro, etc.• Also called raster or pixel maps

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 29

7/30/2019 kompmm


Bit Maps

• Advantages:

• an sp ay as er an vec or

graphics• Good for reproducing images with

complex variations in color,

shading and detail•

• Require more disk space

• xe reso u on can ea oscalability problems

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 30

7/30/2019 kompmm


Image Depth

• Image depth refers to the maximalnumber of colors used in bitma

• Each pixel can have 1 or more bits of

Bits Colors Uses

1 2 Text, line drawing

4 16 Simple drawings, graphics

24 16.7M Photo ra hic realism

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 31

7/30/2019 kompmm


Image File Size

• Size (in bytes) = (Height x Width x

• Sample file size for different imagessize and color depths:

• Monocrome: 640 x 480 x 1 bit /8

= 38 KB• =

307 KB

• co ors: x x bits)/8 = 922 KB

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 32

7/30/2019 kompmm


Images : Issues

• High quality images

• Big file size

•

• mage requ rement w a ecthardware and software selectionsnc u ng aut or ng an grap c

software, video graphics adapter, disk space and data transfer rate

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 33

7/30/2019 kompmm


Techniques

•

• e uce s ze o e g t an or w tof image

• Reduce the number of colors (ex:ima e de th

• Image data compression

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 34

7/30/2019 kompmm


Image Compression

• Data compression reduces file size by

• Compression involves two parts :compression and decompressioncalled codecs

• Two types of data compression:•

same compression (used for

PKZIP, stacker)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 35

I C i

7/30/2019 kompmm


Image Compression

• Second type of data compression:

• LossyÆ a set of data will undergo

a loss of accurac after compression. Typically used onima e or ra hics animation

audio and video•

our eyes to detect (Ex: eye is less

is to change in intensity

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 36

7/30/2019 kompmm


Some graphic image formats

• Bitmap (.bmp)

• Internal format used by Windows

• Gra hics Interchan e Format . if .Used to transmit and exchangeima es between latforms Joint

• Photographic Expert Group. .

• Offers the greatest compression: w ou v s e oss

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 37

ANIMATION

7/30/2019 kompmm


ANIMATION

Animation is the use of a computer to

-move on the screen)

Morphing (transition from one shape into

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 38

7/30/2019 kompmm


The concept of animation isto :

•Bring to life•Creating motion

•Breathe life into

•Inspirit

•

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 39

7/30/2019 kompmm


2-D animation software :

•Animator Pro

•Rio Animator

•Animato• oons

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 40

7/30/2019 kompmm


3-D animation software :

•3-D Studio

• opas

•Fl in fonts

•Lightwave•3D-FX

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 41

AUDIO

7/30/2019 kompmm


AUDIO

u o can e any orm o recor evoice or music or both

Why is audio used?

• Convey meaning – provide extra

• Different learner, different learning

• Add sense of realism, sensation

• Directing attention to important events

• Facilitate communication

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 42

7/30/2019 kompmm


•

• Voice is audio narration (whispers,cries, shouts, etc)

•dB Watts Examples

-

170 100,000 Jet engine

.

30 0.000000001 Whispers

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 43

7/30/2019 kompmm


• Volume is eak of the wavelength

• requency s e s ance between the audio waves

• If 1000 waves are repeated in a

• Sampling is the process of digitizing analogue signals

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 44

7/30/2019 kompmm


•

rate for audioÆ 11, 22.05an . z

• Sam le size is either 8 or 16-

bit

mono

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 45

7/30/2019 kompmm


rate

size

ua y z

Close to CD 22 KHz 16 bit 5 MB

Voice 11 KHz 16 bit 2.5 MB

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 46

7/30/2019 kompmm


File size =sampling rate X recordingduration in second X (Sample sizein bits/8) X number of channels

Example: 10 seconds of recordingat 22.05 kHz, 8 bit resolution andmono channel

= 22050 x 10 x 8 8 x 1 = 220500 bytes

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 47

VIDEO

7/30/2019 kompmm


Video provides a rich and lively

According to Agnew & Kellerman (1997) ,

a digital media that shows a sequence of

still pictures which produces illusion due to

movements of the pictur es

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 48

7/30/2019 kompmm


Analog video:

•continuous value sets that

uses microwaves to producemoving images like what is

•it cannot be played on acomputer

•w en enarge , t oes notinfluence the video quality

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 49

7/30/2019 kompmm


•consists discrete valuesbetween 0 and 1

•it is played on a computer andixel-based

•when enlarged, video qualitydrops

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 50

7/30/2019 kompmm


Importance of video in education :

•explains abstract concepts

•s ows mo on anma on

‘ ’

• rovides interactions andresponses (interactive videos)

•gives affective teaching

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 51

7/30/2019 kompmm


Some common video file formats :

•.avi

•.mpg

.

•. if animated if

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 52

Web Authoring Programs

7/30/2019 kompmm


Web Authoring Programs

Also known as Web page editors or HTML

editors

yper ex ar up anguage s a

tagged language used by web browsers to

display web pages

xamp es o e page e ors :

- MS Front a e

- Macromedia Dreamweaver

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 53

Web Authoring Reminder

7/30/2019 kompmm


Web Authoring Reminder

omepage an we pages mus e

confined to a folder

All graphical objects/pictures, audio and

v eo es mus rs e cop e n o e

same folder before they are hyperlinked

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 54

Upload To Web Site

7/30/2019 kompmm


Upload To Web Site

All files in the folder must be u loaded to

your registered web site

Files are transported to web site using File

Transfer Protocol FTP ro rams

Examples of FTP programs :

- WS FTP Pro

- -

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 55

WS FTP Pro

7/30/2019 kompmm


WS FTP Pro

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 56

7/30/2019 kompmm


Wh t th t b that the experts say abouteducational software…

The principle challenges in InteractiveMultimedia (IMM) are those of

pedagogy and design

Hooper, 1988

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 57

7/30/2019 kompmm


Pretest Strategy

PRESENTINFORMATION

nteract on

Time

Media

ll l d leller’s Motivational Model

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 58

7/30/2019 kompmm


en on

e evanceon ence

Æ Satisfaction

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 59

7/30/2019 kompmm


An ideal multimedia team foInteractive Multimedia softwareproduction:

•instructional designer•

•animator•audio-video experts

• ro ramme•content experts

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 60

Master Learnin Model

7/30/2019 kompmm


Master Learnin Model

Achieved objectives ?

Enrichment Remedial

Unit 2

c v es c v es

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 61

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 62

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 63

Typical multimedia screen layout should have fixed

7/30/2019 kompmm


,

possibly menu. We must plan the layout so that thecontent is presented with good balance. Divide thescreen into regions (Do layout analysis).

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 64

7/30/2019 kompmm


Font: must be readable easily; withproportional spacing between characters

produce a good contrast of your text

.

photographic background

Text and pictures must be arranged insuch a way so that they look neat

Always adopt a common look especially

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 65

7/30/2019 kompmm


Use metaphors for popular interfaces likenext, previous or home buttons

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 66

7/30/2019 kompmm


Interfaces must be user-friendly, functionaland easy-to-remember and consistent interm of location

Certain interfaces can provide feedback

progress of certain actionExample: Save button

usually fixed at one location throughout

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 67

7/30/2019 kompmm


• Sims (1996) describes 10 types of

n erac v y

• Object interactivity

• Objects are activated through mouse

clicks or input devices

• Linear interactivity•

electronic pages

• Freedom of movements to selected

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 68

Types of Interactivity (cont …)

7/30/2019 kompmm


• Supporting interactivity

• Users are provided with help and

messages (simple to complex)

• Updating interactivity

• Problem solvin with rovided

dialogue boxes (discussion)•

• The system creates a situation where

achieve certain objectives

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 69


7/30/2019 kompmm


• Users are provided with answers from

o er users or compar son purpose

and self-evaluation

• Hyperlink interactivity

• Users are rovided with vast electronic

resources in databases to solve

problems dynamically

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 70


7/30/2019 kompmm


-

• Virtual reality type of interactions

us ng a e a ove ypes o

interactivity

• Immersive virtual interactivity

• Virtual realit t e of d namic

interactions using all the above types

of interactivity in a computer

generated VR environment

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 71

7/30/2019 kompmm


and Com onents

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 72

7/30/2019 kompmm


• S stem Unit

• I/O Devices

• econ aryStorage

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 73

The Motherboard

7/30/2019 kompmm


ISAPCI

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 74

Memor

7/30/2019 kompmm


• RAM (Random Access Memory)

– holds programs and data temporary

– vo a e memory

• ROM (Read Only Memory)

– fixed start-up instructions

• CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide

– flexible start-up instructions

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 75

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 76

7/30/2019 kompmm


Memory MeasureUnitnit Capacityapacity

Kilobyte KB 1,024 bytes

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 77

7/30/2019 kompmm


• ouse

• Trackball

• Touch-surface

• Touch screen

• Li ht en

• Joystick

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 78

7/30/2019 kompmm


CRTs (Cathode-Ray Tubes)

-

Display)

- passive-matrix and active-matrix (TFT)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 79

Printers

7/30/2019 kompmm


Ink-jet Printer

- uses spray technology

Laser Printer

- uses laser beam to produce images

- uses heat elements to roduce

images

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 80

7/30/2019 kompmm


r n ers o ma rx

-

Chain printer

- connected to several computers

Plotters

- spec a -purpose prn ers

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 81

Hard Disks

7/30/2019 kompmm


Also known as fixed disk

Fast information (speed ranges from

3600 – 7200 rpm)

Read-write heads

Capacity:ranges rom o

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 82

7/30/2019 kompmm


Human hair

disk headus par c efingerprint

smoke particle

disk surface

Materials that can cause a head crashMaterials that can cause a head crash

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 83

O tical Disks

7/30/2019 kompmm


It uses a laser beam to read light

reflection from flat areas (lands – 1s)

– .for permanent storage

2 types: CD-ROM (Compact disc-read-only

memor )

DVD-ROM

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 84

Im ortant Hardware for Multimedia

7/30/2019 kompmm


Scanners useful for scannin rinted

graphics)

Digital cameras (for capturing images)

Digital video cameras (for capturing full

motion digital video for video clips

production)

Webcams

- videoconferencing/capture motion

video/still images

Graphics accelerator

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 85

7/30/2019 kompmm


- -

instructions that tell the computer how

• Convert data (unprocessed facts) into

n ormat on processe ac s

• Two major kinds

– System software

–

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 86

7/30/2019 kompmm


ys ems o ware Behind the scenes activities

– Technical details

– Where programs stored

– How commands executed

– Where files saved

–

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 87

7/30/2019 kompmm


a egor es o

Three basic cate ories

– Embedded – hand-held

– Network OS – linked computers

– - –

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 88

7/30/2019 kompmm


a or

Windows – 80% of market

Mac OS – powerful and easy to use

–

Web LINUX – non proprietary; free off Web

-

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 89

7/30/2019 kompmm


es–Hard disk crashes

–Antivirus programs

– omputer reeze-ups

– -downs

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 90

D i d i

7/30/2019 kompmm


Device drivers

Loaded into memor each time

When ou add a new device ou

must install the device driver

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 91

7/30/2019 kompmm


anguage rans a ors

ro rammin lan ua e intocomputer language

Translators and compilers

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 92

Application Software

Used by many people

7/30/2019 kompmm


Used by many people

Basic applications

ommon as s

•word processor (MS Word)

•spreadsheet (MS Excel)

•database (MS Access)•web authoring tool (MS FrontPage)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 93

Convenient and effective data

7/30/2019 kompmm


Convenient and effective data

sharing

Less expensive

ore expens ve

– Microsoft Office

– orel WordPer ect uite– Lotus SmartSuite

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 94

Pro ram Develo ment

7/30/2019 kompmm


Program development consists of a

build computer programs

ne o t e most popuar program

development method is ProgramDevelopment Life Cycle

Dr. CK Tan, UMS

95

Pro ram Develo ment

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS

96

Internet

It is used for global communication

7/30/2019 kompmm


It is used for global communication,moving ideas and information.

Started with ARPANET (Advanced

Research Project Network) by USA in

1969

Known as WWW, World Wide Web in 1992

Research) in Switzerland

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 97

7/30/2019 kompmm


Telephone lines

•Coaxial cable

•Fiber-optic cable

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 98

Number of Connections

7/30/2019 kompmm


fiber-optic - 26,000

coaxial - 80

twisted-pair - 1

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 99

7/30/2019 kompmm


Microwave

• Satellite

• Wi-Fi

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 100

ow o e connec e o n erne

7/30/2019 kompmm


(ISP)

– ,

re ess servce prov ers

– DIGI, Celcom, Maxis

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 101

How modems work ?

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 102

Network Types

Local Area Network (LAN)

7/30/2019 kompmm


)

- networks with computers and peripheral devices

within the same building

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

- a networks of LANs

- inte ration of LANs and WANs

- countrywide/worldwide networks

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 103

Internet A lications

Communicatin

7/30/2019 kompmm


Communicatin

Shopping

Researching

Entertainment

Education

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 104

Uses of internet for education

E-learning

7/30/2019 kompmm


g

– Lecture notes, discussion board, onlineexam

Education portal

– LMS, Cikgu.net (chats, discussion, onlinetuitions)

Information showcase

– Personal websites/homepage

–

– Ex: hot-potatoes (for building online quiz)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 105

Web 2.0

The concept of "Web 2.0" began with a conference brainstormingsession between O'Reilly and MediaLive International

7/30/2019 kompmm


sess o be wee O e y a d ed a ve e a o a

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

DoubleClick --> Google AdSense

--Akamai --> BitTorrent

mp3.com --> NapsterBritannica Online --> Wiki edia

personal websites --> bloggingevite --> upcoming.org and EVDB

domain name speculation --> search engine optimization--

screen scraping --> web servicespublishing --> participation

content management

systems--

directories (taxonomy) --> tagging ("folksonomy")

Stickiness --> s ndication

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 106

Advantages of Social Networking

• Democratization of media

• Relationships and conversation

7/30/2019 kompmm


• reat v ty an re-m x cu ture

• Embrace your passion and identity

• , ,• Increase transparency in government and organizations

Disadvantages

• Too much content still gets overlooked (lacks quality,w at s true

• Anonymity can create hate culture

• -

sickness, etc)

• Can lead to danger when meeting strangers

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 107

WHAT IS A BLOG?

7/30/2019 kompmm


collection of links to you. In simple terms, a

og s a we s e, w ere you wr e s u on

an ongoing basis. New stuff shows up at thetop for visitors’ comments. (Susana &

Ser io 2007

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 108

7/30/2019 kompmm


e ace oo p a orm a ows eve opers

to create Web applications that integrate

with Facebook’s social network and are

delivered via the Facebook Web site.

Facebook users can browse available

to use, granting them permission to access

a su se o e r accoun a a enn a e2007).

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 109

WHAT IS GLOGSTER?

A Glo is an interactive visual latform in

7/30/2019 kompmm


G o s a te act ve v sua at o

which users create a “poster or web page”

text, audio, video, images, graphics,

raw ngs, an ata

(http://edu.glogster.com/what-is-glogster-edu/). Glogster EDU is the leading global

education latform for the creative ex ression

of knowledge and skills in the classroom and

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 110

.

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 111

ttp: c tanums.e u.g ogster.com rc tan

WHAT IS WALLWISHER?

Wallwisher is a collaborative tool that letsd b h

7/30/2019 kompmm


students be prosumers rather consumers

Sharon Tonner 2011 . Wallwisher is an

Internet application that allows students to

electronic sticky notes on a shared digitalwa . u en s can ype a max mum o

characters per electronic sticky note that can

incorporate an image, audio or video usingthe a ro riate web address link Sharon

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 112Tonner, 2011)

7/30/2019 kompmm


Dr. CK Tan, UMS 113

Y T b i l id h i b it

7/30/2019 kompmm


YouTube is a popular video sharing website

where users can u load view and share

video clips. YouTube allows users to post and

,

post comments. YouTube ties into severalogg ng app ca ons, g v ng users a qu c

way to blog about a particular video and

include a link to it.

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 114

Other Web 2.0 tools

7/30/2019 kompmm


• blogspot.com (blog)

.•google docs (sharing)

•n ng soc a ne wor

• jing (video)•slideshare (sharing)

•sk e video

•twitter (social network)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 115

Breach of privacy and

security

7/30/2019 kompmm


Is email secure?

, , Stealing confidential info (HP numbers, etc)

Browser records pages visited

oo es recor

– Times and pages visited

– Other private information

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 116

7/30/2019 kompmm


Privacy Act (1974)

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Computer Abuse Amendments Actou aws ransmss on o

virus

Software Copyright Act (1980)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 117

e s organse crme

7/30/2019 kompmm


e s organse crme

– Hardware, data, computer time

– Software piracy

“Hackers” (for fun and challenge) and

“ ”

Natural disasters

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 118

7/30/2019 kompmm


– Damage to computers, programs or files

3 types:

– Virus (damage/delete system files)

– -

– Trojan (can be virus or worm)

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 119

7/30/2019 kompmm


Encrypting messages

Restricting access

Anticipating disasterssas er recovery pan

Backin u data

Antivirus

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 120

7/30/2019 kompmm


factors related to things people

use

– Avoiding eyestrain and headache– Avoiding back and neck pain

–

electromagnetic fields

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 121

7/30/2019 kompmm


Isu-isu Semasa ICT

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 122

ISU 1

Keselamatan dan Ancaman ICT

7/30/2019 kompmm


Jenis Ancaman

• kecurian perkakasan ICT

• ce a rompa per s an

• serangan virus/ulat

•

• bencana alam

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 123

ISU 1

Keselamatan dan Ancaman ICT

7/30/2019 kompmm


Langkah yang boleh diambil

• memohon hakcipta untuk perisian

• operas mem an eras ce a rompa per s an

• pasang firewall / anti-virus

•

• pasang perkakasan komputer di tempat yang bebas

daripada bencana alam

• mengupah pengawal keselamatan

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 124

ISU 2

Pemisahan Digital ( Digital divide)

Pemisahan digital merujuk kepada perbezaan tahap

7/30/2019 kompmm


Pemisahan digital merujuk kepada perbezaan tahap

kemahiran mengguna komputer di kalangan penduduk

a am zon-zon geogra yang er eza. a ays a,dianggarkan bahawa hanya 59.0% penduduk sahaja

mempunyai akses internet (Laporan MCMC 2008)

Contoh-contoh pemisahan digital

• bilangan pengguna internet yang besar di bandar

berbanding dengan luar bandar

• bilan an en una memiliki kom uter an besar di

bandar berbanding dengan luar bandar • bilangan sekolah mempunyai makmal komputer yang

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 125

ISU 2


7/30/2019 kompmm


Sebab-sebab pemisahan digital

• penduduk di bandar mempunyai pendapatan yang

lebih tinggi berbanding dengan luar bandar

• penduduk di bandar mempunyai kemudahan infrastruktur

yang lebih (contoh talian telefon) berbanding dengan luar an ar

• taraf pendidikan penduduk di bandar yang lebih tinggi

dengan luar bandar (lebih suka bertani)• kurikulum sekolah

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 126

ISU 2


Langkah langkah yang boleh diambil

7/30/2019 kompmm


Langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil

• kerajaan memasang lebih banyak kemudahan infrastruktur telekomunikasi di luar bandar seperti telefon, kemudahan

nternet tanpa wayar, mo e nternet os , etc

• Kementerian Pendidikan tingkatkan program literasi-

• tingkatkan promosi pemilikan komputer jenis jenama

murah untuk enduduk di luar bandar melalui skema

mudah bayar, etc• ubahsuai kurikulum sekolah untuk mewajibkan pendidikan

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 127

untu men ng at an teras omputer pe a ar

ISU 3

Traditional Learning versus E-Learning

Scenario

7/30/2019 kompmm


Scenario

• Traditional learning merangkumi proses penyampaianmaklumat/isi kandungan secara bersemuka di bilik darjah/

ewan u a

• E-learning atau online/mobile learning merupakan proses.

juga lebih dikenali sebagai pembelajaran tanpa sempadan

• Serin didebatkan bahawa traditional learnin lebih o ular

dan efektif manakala e-learning pula lebih menjimatkan kosdan kuasa penyebaran maklumat yang meliputi kawasan

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 128

geogra yang e uas

ISU 3


7/30/2019 kompmm


Tradisional Learning E-Learning

pelajar meningkat pelajar serentak mengikutkapasiti Pelayan Komputer

Merupakan pembelajaransynchronous

Pembelajaranasynchronous (nota + forum

synchronous (chat / videoconferencing)

s an ungan pem e aarankurang menarik

s an ungan pem e a aranmenarik seperti multimedia

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 129

ISU 3


Perbandingan

7/30/2019 kompmm


g

ra s ona earn ng - earn ngSatu kaedah pembelajaran Kaedah pembelajaran

guru kepada pelajar sahaja

kaedah latih tubi,

multimedias an ungan s a s an ungan eranmas

Bilangan graduan dihasilkankurang

Bilangan graduan dihasilkanramai

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 130

ISU 4

Penggunaan komputer merosakkan kesihatan

7/30/2019 kompmm


Jenis-jenis ancaman kepada kesihatan

• Bekerja berjam-jam lama di hadapan komputer akan:

Æ merosakkan mata (extensive ray emitted from

monitor

Æ menyakitkan tulang leher/belakang jika kerusi

kurang sesuai dipakai

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 131

ISU 4

Penggunaan komputer merosakkan kesihatan

J i j i k d k ih

7/30/2019 kompmm


Jenis-jenis ancaman kepada kesihatan

Æ kepenatan tangan dan jari kerana menaip jika

a an kekunci tidak selesa di unakan

Æ mengalami ‘bahu bongkok’ jika ketinggianmeja komputer tidak sesuai

ang pengga an yang cu a menga as masa a

kesihatan akibat penggunaan komputer

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 132

ISU 5

Masalah kecapaian internet secara broadband

Antara masalah yang dihadapi ialah:

7/30/2019 kompmm


Æ broadband penetration rate yang rendah (<daripada 25% daripada penduduk)

Æ broadband penetration rate untuk sekolah

adalah tin i 7474 dari ada 9176 sekolah di

Malaysia) (Sumber: NST, 30 Mac 2005)

Æ berapa ramai guru mempunyai akses internet broadband ?

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 133

ISU 5

Antara kebaikan broadband ialah:

7/30/2019 kompmm


Æ pencapaian bahan pembelajaran multimedia yangcepat

Æ dapat muat turun bahan-bahan multimedia (audio,

video rafik

Æ dapat guna kemudahan 3G dan 4G

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 134

ISU 5Langkah menggalakan penggunaan internet ialah:

RM 66 sebulan hanya mampu diguna oleh penduduk

7/30/2019 kompmm


RM 66 sebulan hanya mampu diguna oleh penduduk

bandar

Æ turunkan harga PC atau laptop

Æwajibkan aktiviti P & P berasaskan komputer

web 2.0)

Æ Banyak kemudahan talian telefon di luar bandar atau turunkan kadar bulanan internet tanpa wayar

Dr. CK Tan, UMS 135

(Contoh: DIGI, Celcom, Maxis)

kompmm

Documents