Knowledge Representation

• why bother ?

• what is it ?

• what do we represent ?

• how is it represented ?

• Kn Repn strategies

• inferencing

• example tasks

why bother ?intelligence & knowledge

• reacting to sensory infm

• using tools

• communication

• learning

• human knowledge organisation

• the messed up species

psychological clues

• interlinking• voice – person – mood

• sound/smell – memory – reminiscence

• vis-ob – properties – ownership

• cognitive limitations• levels of infm & retrieval

• attention

• short-term memory

• field dependency

physiological clues

• perceptive pre-processing

• brain areas & malfunctions• memory freezing• the elephant's toenail• unknown ownership / name• the speechless monk (Aitchison P.39)

who cares?

• feathers & flight

• random sorts

• chaos, complexity & emergent behaviour

why bother ?a language example

• The old man the boats.

• I saw the racing pigeons flying to Paris.• I saw the Eiffel Tower flying to Paris.

• The boy kicked the ball under the tree.• The boy kicked the wall under the tree.

• Put the apple in the basket on the shelf

what is it ?

• declarative formsdata

facts

• procedural formsprocessing

retrieval / linking / lumping

• inference

what do we represent ?

• objects (& their relationships)

• events (& sequences)

• performance (& cause & effect)

• meta kn– extent, priority, strategy, reliability, importance

Kn Repn strategies

• facts & rules

• logic

• semantic nets

• frames

• scripts

• conceptual dependency

bird

budgie

freddie

sparrow

animal

wings

ako

if has( wings ) flyingelsif has( legs ) walkingelse crawling

ako

color

ako

ako

browncolor

moves_by

a simple semantic net

has

yellow

general capabilities

• inheritance

• defaults

• demons

• perspectives

inferencing

• rule application & deduction

• generalisation

• detecting similarity

• measuring differences

tasks

• automatic rule generation

• IQ tests• learning (near miss)

• planning• agent interaction (conflict & co-operation)

• human dialog management