ROLE OF GIS IN SMART CITIES

K.K. JOADDER,

CHIEF PLANNER, TCPO TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ORGANISATION,

MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT,

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

RAPID PACE OF URBANISATION POSES AN

UNPRECEDENTED MANAGERIAL AND POLICY CHALLENGE

POPULATION OF INDIA : 1210.2 MN.

LEVEL OF URBANISATION : 31%*

URBAN POPULATION : 377.10 MN.

INCREASE IN URBAN POPULATION : 15X

25 MN.(1901) TO 377.10 MN. (2011)

INCREASE IN NO. OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS : 4X

1967 (1901) TO 7935(2011)

RAPID PACE OF URBANISATION IN INDIA

30 YEARS 10 YEARS 20 YEARS

FAST URBANISING INDIA

6.24 7.89

10.91

15.95

21.76

28.61

37.71

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

URBAN

RURAL

INDIAN POPULATION IN MILLION

*Much lower than in other major developing countries, e.g. 45 per cent in China, 54

per cent in Indonesia, 78 per cent in Mexico, and 87 per cent in Brazil.

SPREAD OUT AND SHIFTING URBAN POPULATIONS ARE AN URBAN MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE

CLASS I CITIES : 468 (2001) 441 (2001)

TOWNS AND CITIES OF ALL SIZES : 7935 (2011) 5161(2001)

Reclassification

Boundary expansion

Rural Urban Migration

Natural Increase

SOURCES OF INCREASE IN URBAN POPULATION

1971-81 1981-91 1991-01

19

.9 %

22

.6 %

21

.1 %

GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION (% P.A.)

4.4

3.7

3.5 2.7

4.2

4.9

4.2

3.5

2.7

2.4

1.5 1.6

1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2011

CITIES

METRO CITIES

TOWNS

URBANISATION STRUCTURE

5

18.9%

19

51

19

61

19

81

20

01

20

11

NUMBER OF METROPOLITN CITIES AND SHARE OF URBAN POPULATION

23.6%

27.7%

37.8%

42.6%

7

12

35

53

DEVELOPMENT PRESSURE IS CONCENTRATED IN METROS

EVIDENT FROM INCREASE IN

NUMBER OF METROPOLITAN CITIES

SHARE OF URBAN POPULATION

URBAN INDIA HEAVY WEIGHTS

• No city has fully covered 24x7 water supplies.

• Only 74% of the house-holds are served by piped water.

• Only 65 of 423 class I cities have a formal city bus service in 2012

• Only 30% cities have sewage treatment as against desired 100%

• 32.7% urban population has access to the piper sewer system and

• 12.6% urban population still defecates in the open

• Only 72% of the solid waste is collected and only 30% is segregated. Scientific treatment and disposal

is non-existent.

• 24% urban population lives in slums

CHALLENGES IN URBAN INDIA

GROWTH OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DOES NOT MATCH WITH THE GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION

Status of drinking water supply, public transportation, sewage and solid waste management is much lower

than desired.

MORE THAN 80% CITIES ARE YET TO HAVE STATUTORY MASTER PLANS

CHALLENGES IN URBAN INDIA

• By revamping the planning system, India can save more than 6 million hectares of potentially arable land

over the next 20 years

SMART CITY

Wikipedia defines “a SMART city as one wherein investments in human, social

capital, traditional transport and modern (ICT) communication, infrastructure,

sustainable economic development provides a high quality of life by engaging

management of natural resources, through participatory action.”

The concept is still under development and evolution as a new approach to

urban development and management.

SMART CITY

• SMART city is one which provides for the well being of the people through integration

of urban planning systems, efficient service delivery, smart governance, energy

management and conservation of resources with underlying use of technology and

instrumentation leading to socio – economic and sustainable development

• The vision of the Ministry of Urban development is “To facilitate creation of

economically vibrant, inclusive, efficient and sustainable urban habitats”

• Consistent with the vision, the Mission is to “promote cities as engines of economic

growth through improvement in the quality of urban life by facilitating creation of

quality urban infrastructure, with assured service levels and efficient governance”

SMART CITY

Smart Cities consider themselves ‘smart’ mainly from the point of view of their achievements in the field of

Information and Communication Technology (ICT). As per recent survey there are 52 smart cities in the

world, out of which only 2 are from India. Some of them are listed below:

• Amsterdam Smart City

• Cairo Smart City

• Dubai Smart City

• Dubai Internet City

• City of Edinburgh Council for E Governance

• Kochi Smart City business park

• Lyon Smart City

• Smart City, Málaga Spain

• Malta Smart City business park

• Smart Santander, Spain

• Songdo International Business District

South Korea

• Southampton City Council describes their

use of smart cards as part of integrated

service provisioning (e.g., bus passes)

• Yokohama Smart City

SMART CITY - SINGAPORE

Smart Buildings

• Generates Energy savings upto 30 percent, reduce carbon emissions.

Smart Water

• High quality water supply catering to growing population

Smart Energy Grid

• The smart grid is all about creating the capability for electricity demand and supply to

interact intelligently and integrate intermittent renewable generation

Smart Mobility

• Effective public transport – improves traffic flow

Smart Public Services

• Share information amongst the various city departments as well as city residents.

SMART CITY CONCEPT IN INDIA

Lavasa in Maharashtra It is India’s first e-city., My City Technology -- a joint venture set-up by Lavasa Corporation and Wipro would help in city management services, e-governance, ICT infrastructure and value added services, including proposing and implementing intelligent home solutions and digital lifestyles for the Lavasa citizens. Lavasa homes will offer touch-point automation, occupancy based lighting, door and motion sensors, beam detectors and on-call transport services. GIFT City in Gujarat GIFT city coming up in Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat, will have a central command centre to monitor the city-wide IT network and respond quickly during emergencies, energy-efficient cooling systems instead of air conditioning, and high-tech waste collection systems. Cars will remain outside, and there will be moving walkways to get to the city centre Greater Hyderabad It is using GPS and GPRS technologies to cover solid waste management, and maintain parks and street lights through cell phone images, subsequently put in the public domain

SMART CITY CONCEPT IN INDIA

Surat has on-line water quality monitoring system; Coimbatore’s computerized building-plan approval scheme; Bangalore opting for geographic information systems (GIS) to standardize property tax administration; Jamshedpur Utilities Company providing an IT-enabled 24/7 single-window call centre and customer database; and Kanpur improving municipal revenues using a GIS-linked property database.

PRE-REQUISITES OF SMART CITY IN INDIA

Spatial Planning is one of the important pre-requisites for smart city in Indian context and should consider the following crucial aspects:

• Preparation of comprehensive city spatial plans using ‘State of art’ technologies such as GIS

and Remote Sensing applications.

• Spatial Plan which envisages efficient allocation of land and resources.

• Poly-centric city plan with mixed land use.

• Integration of land use and transportation using TOD concept.

• Local area planning and energy efficient urban design involving citizens/stakeholders.

PRE-REQUISITES OF SMART CITY IN INDIA

• Sustainable Urban Transport road design to bring about more equitable allocation

of road space for movement of people, rather than only vehicles by providing

compact, well-designed and well coordinated pedestrian and Non Motorized

Transport oriented infrastructure.

• Revisiting existing development controls and zoning regulations.

• Infrastructure Planning & resource mobilization.

• Capacity building, skill development training and exposure visit for city planners to

familiarize with latest techniques and technologies.

SMART CITY

Physical Planning is about Land

Land is the Earth

Science of earth:

Geography

GIS is a tool to: Record

Analyse Systemise

Design

ECONOMY

ENVIRON-MENT

SMART

PLANNING

SOCIETY

SMART TRANSPORT PLANNING

MOBILE PHONES

GPS ENABLED VEHICLES

TRAFFIC SPEED

TRAFFIC VOLUME

ROAD NETWORK

ROAD FEATURES

PROPERTIES

EFFICIENT SIGNALLING

ROUTE OPTIMISATION

DISTANCE AND TIME ESTIMATIONS

TRACKS BASE DEVICES

SMART UTILITY PLANNING

WATER METERS

NETWORKED VALVES

WATER PRESSURE

WATER FLOW

PIPE NETWORK

PIPE SPECIFICATIONS

QUALITY

EFFICIENT WATER SUPPLY

SPEEDY MAINTENANCE

ASSURED QUALITY

TRACKS BASE DEVICES

QUALITY METERS

SMART ENVIRONMENT PLANNING

SATELLITES

APPLICATION SOFTWARES

GREEN COVER

PHOTOGRAMMETRIC FEATURES

AREA BOUNDARY

VEGETATION TYPOLOGY

EFFICIENT FOREST MONITORING

TIMELY INTERVENTION

EVIDENCE FOR ACTION

TRACKS BASE DEVICES

SMART CITY PLANNING

SATELLITES

TOTAL STATION SURVEYS

URBAN FORM

NATURAL FEATURES

AREA BOUNDARY

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

EFFICIENT DATA CAPTURING

EASY OVERLAYING OF FEATURES

FAST ANALYIS

TRACKS BASE DEVICES

CCTV ATTRIBUTE DATA INFRASTRUCTURE

INFORMED PLANNING, DECISIONS

GIS AND SMART CITY

The role of GIS in SMART CITY is required across the full spectrum of smart components

REALTIME DATA

DATA ANALYTICS

SYSTEMS

RELEVANT

EFFICIENT

INTEGRATED

GIS AND SMART CITY

The purpose of using GIS is that maps provide an added dimension to data analysis which brings us one step closer to visualizing the complex patterns and relationships that characterize real-world planning and policy problems. Visualization of spatial patterns also supports change analysis, which is important in monitoring of social indicators. This in turn results in improving needs assessment.

NATIONAL LEVEL INITIATIVES IN GIS BY TCPO

TOWARDS SMART CITIES

URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM – A CASE STUDY OF ANAND, GUJARAT (1984)

• Variables required for plan preparation were identified.

• Format designed for collection of data for each variables.

• Data collected, standardised, analysed and reports generated

Urban Information System was designed after analyzing the existing data attributes such as data type, size, flow, periodicity, time lag, reliability, coverage, accessibility, concepts etc.

VILLAGE BOUNDARIES MAP

GIS BASED REGIONAL PLANNING : BHARATPUR DISTRICT (1990)

Village was taken as the basic spatial unit (BSU) for the purpose of developing information system The outputs were: • Land use change scenario • Land capability • Agriculture development

Assessment on village-wise basis

• Integrated assessment for agriculture development

• Settlement hierarchy and services planning

• Village development assessment

• Intra –district disparities

LAND USE MAP (1986)

DIGITAL BASE MAP FOR LUTYEN’S BUNGALOW AREA (1992)

Digital base map for Lutyen’s Bungalow area with a view to generate a graphic data on Lutyen’s Bungalow Zone, New Delhi with application of GIS was prepared The data sets were organized in layers with each layer containing one geographic element. The six major classes of land use i.e. Residential, Commercial, Recreational, Government, Public and Semi-Public and Transportation were further divided into 31 classes at level two Used for applications in zonal planning, monitoring and area calculations.

URBAN MAPPING SCHEME

To speed up preparation of large scale base maps through latest technology, the Urban Mapping Scheme was taken up by the Ministry of Urban Development during the VIII Plan on pilot basis to cover 52 towns in two phases. Envisaged outcomes: • Aerial photographs and photo

mosaics at 1:10,000. • Base maps of 1:2500 scale • Development of technical

capabilities of the Town & Country Planning Deptts. and State level and center.

• Digital inputs for geographic information systems for updating base maps in a revision cycle.

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

LINE MAP DERIVED FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH

DIGITAL MAP

The Planning Commission recommended that all components related to spatial and attribute data be integrated in one scheme called the National Urban Information Scheme. The National Information System Scheme (NUIS) of the Ministry can be seen as a very initial step towards achieving smart cities. The Scheme enables mapping of the city and its surroundings and core areas with a number of add on layers and related attribute data. Based on this, a number of applications and models may be generated to assess the impact of Schemes in relation to parameters such as housing and transport pattern, access to educational and commercial facilities, parks and playgrounds and other amenities. The National Urban Information System Scheme (NUIS) comprises of broadly two major components with independent but related objectives, strategies and budget under a single umbrella i.e. • Urban Spatial Information System Scheme (USIS): Seamless integration of databases in two

scales :: 1:10 000 & 1:2000 and Utility mapping at 1:1000 Scale. • National Urban Databank and Indicators: Attribute Data on periodic basis

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)

Sub- Components of USIS: • Systems (HW/SW) • Base Map and GIS Data Base 1:10,000 Scale & 1:2000 Scale • Utility Mapping 1:1000 Scale • Capacity Building • Application Development

NUIS: APPLICATIONS

• Master/Development/Zonal Plan • Land and Natural Resources • Settlement Pattern • Study of Slums and Blighted Areas • Improvement of Urban Environment • Redevelopment/Re-densification of Towns/Cities • Land Monitoring • Monitoring of Land Regulation and Urban Fringe • Transport Planning and Environmental Assessment and Safety

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)

S NO. NUIS COMPONENT NO. OF TOWNS/ STATES

1. Release/Sanction of State Share to SOI

for mapping

32 States (including 5 UTs) have released the State Share,

Tamil Nadu, NCT Delhi & Uttarakhand have been

dropped from the scheme.

2. GIS data base at 1:10000 ready and

forwarded to SOI for QC

152 Towns

3. Data at 1:10000 Scale delivered SNAs

for vetting

150 Towns

4. Vetting completed of 1:10000 Scale 95 Towns

5. Final data of 1:10000 scale sent to

SNA

74 Towns

6. Data at 1:2000 Scale delivered SNAs

for vetting

152 Towns

7. Vetting completed of 1:2000 scale 133 Towns

8. Final data of 1:2000 scale sent to SNA 30 Towns

9. NUDB&I data collection completed 127 Towns

10. National ,Regional, State Level

Workshops, Conferences cum Training

Programmes

71

(as on date)

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- AT A GLANCE

Base & Urban Land use

KORBA TOWN

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- DELIVERABLES

KORBA TOWN

Road

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- DELIVERABLES

Railway Line

KORBA TOWN

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- DELIVERABLES

Canal

KORBA TOWN

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- DELIVERABLES

Drainage

KORBA TOWN

NATIONAL URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM SCHEME (NUIS)- DELIVERABLES

THANK YOU

URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEM – A CASE STUDY OF ANAND, GUJARAT (1984)

In 1971, TCPO recommended actions on 1. Urban Information System 2. Urban Indicators and 3. City data banks, It further recommended the spatial unit for data collection at the level of 1.Planning area / Urban Agglomeration for general planning purpose, 2. Municipal Area level for local body functions and 3. Census Ward for neighborhood functions The following landmarks in the GIS sector were initiated by Government of India • Steering Group on Urban and Regional Information System (URIS) TCPO (1986) • NNRMS set up a task force on Urban and Rural Studies (1984) • The National Commission on Urbanization(NCU) 1988 • The 11th Report of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Rural and Urban

Development • VIIIth & IXth Plan proposals for URIS by TCPO

SMART ENERGY

• Energy networks, such as smart grids

• Energy networks, such as smart grids, smart meters, smart buildings, (Amsterdam,

Chattanooga- Tennessee, USA, Dublin-Ire land, Malaga-Spain, Masdar- Abu Dhabi,UAE)

• Renewable energy sources in smart grid (Malaga-Spain)

• Electric vehicles (Amsterdam, Malaga-Spain)

• Power quality monitoring (Lavasa)

• Energy conservations monitoring (Shenyang-China)

SMART COMMUNICATION/ BUSINESS SUPPORT

• Broadband development (Chattanooga, Dakota county)

• Home automation (Lavasa, Malaga and Masdar)

• Internet access in public libraries (Cape town-South Africa)

• ICT sector support and ICT training (Cape town)

• Library business corners for starting and running small businesses (cape town)

• Digital business centres with telephones, faxes, scanners, photocopiers, etc (cape town)

• Retail (Masdar, Abu Dhabi,UAE)

• Business incubation center (Suwon-South Korea)

• Climate Street (Amsterdam)

• Electronic trade office (Suwon-South Korea)

SMART INTELLIGENT COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK

• Guide for planning (Dakota country)

• Education (Gdansk-Poland)

• Recreation (Gdansk, Chattanooga, Dakota country)

• Integrated security command center (Lavasa)

• Automated messaging / mass short message service (SMS) from a citizen call center

(Lavasa)

• Consolidated billing (Lavasa)

• Residential (Masar-Spain, Trondheim-Norway)

• City administration center (Suwon-South Korea)

SMART PUBLIC UTILITIES/ INDUSTRY/ ECOSUSTAINABILITY/ TECHNOLOGY

• Water and sewage (Gdansk-Poland, Shenyang-China)

• Streets (Gdansk-Poland)

• Waste management (PlanlT Valley-USA)

• Food supply (Shenyang-China)

• Petrochemical (Jubail, Saudi Arabia))

• Integrated environmental measures (Lavasa)

• Smart building (PlanlT Valley-USA, Masar-Spain)

• Environment management (Shenyang-China)

• Technology and innovation centers (Masdar- Abu Dhabi, UAE and MIT)