kirby theof torrance worship defence thehermeneutics … · 2018-07-16 · soul it self by nature...
TRANSCRIPT
Ofi
nusi
que
with
psal
ms:
TH
EH
ER
ME
NE
UT
ICS
OF
RIC
HA
RD
HO
OK
ER
’SD
EF
EN
CE
OF
TH
Ese
nsib
leex
cell
en
cie
’O
FP
UB
LIC
WO
RS
HIP
W.
J.T
orra
nce
Kir
by
Ina
brie
fch
apte
rbu
ried
deep
with
inhi
sm
assi
veap
olog
yof
the
litur
gyof
the
Boo
ko
fom
inon
Pro
ver
inth
eti
tlh
book
ofhi
str
eati
seO
fthe
Lan
esof
Ecc
iesi
asri
call
Pol
itic
(159
7),
Ric
hard
Hoo
ker
rais
esth
equ
esti
onco
nce
rnin
g
the
use
‘of
inus
ique
wit
hpsa
lmes
’T
his
acco
un
to
fli
turg
ical
mus
icis
char
acte
rist
ico
fH
ooke
r’s
met
hod
and
appro
ach
init
sjo
int
app
eal
toth
e
auth
ori
tyof
Scr
iptu
rean
dth
epri
nci
ple
sof
Nco
-Pyth
agore
anis
m.
Not
unex
pect
edly
here
fers
toD
avid
,w
hom
hena
mes
her
eas
‘the
prop
het’
,as
‘hav
inge
sing
ular
know
ledg
not
inpo
etri
eal
one
but
inm
usiq
ueal
so,
land
iju
dged
them
both
tobe
thin
ges
mos
tn.
cess
aru.
br
tht.
hous
tol
God
Dav
id‘w
asth
eau
thor
ofad
ding
unto
poet
rie
mel
odic
inpu
blic
kpr
ayer
,m
elod
icbo
thvo
call
and
inst
rum
enta
llfo
rth
era
ysin
geup
ofm
ens
hart
esan
dth
esw
cetn
inge
of
thei
reaf
fect
ions
tow
arde
sgo
d.’
On
the
basi
sof
this
scri
ptur
alau
thor
ity,
ther
efor
e,‘t
heC
hurc
hof
Chr
ist
doth
likev
vise
atth
ispr
esen
tda
lere
tein
eit
asan
orna
men
tto
God
sse
rvic
e,an
dan
help
eto
our
own
dev
oti
on
.’2
Pro
pone
nts
of‘f
urth
erre
form
atio
n’of
the
Eli
zabe
than
Chu
rch.
man
yof
who
mlo
oked
toth
e
litur
gica
lex
ampl
ese
tby
the
coni
inen
tal
refo
rmed
chur
ches
,jud
ged
the
form
sof
wor
ship
pres
crib
edby
the
Boo
kof
Com
non
Pra
yer
tofa
llfa
rsh
ort
ofth
eid
eal,
not
leas
tw
ith
resp
ect
toits
aest
heti
cas
sum
ptio
nsan
dth
em
usic
alpr
acti
ces
asso
ciat
edw
ith
itsus
e.Jo
hnF
ield
,a
Stu
dent
of
Chr
ist
Chu
rch,
Oxf
hrd
and
auth
orof
the
noto
riou
spa
mph
let
publ
ishe
din
1572
unde
rth
eti
tle
Avi
ewof
popi
she
abus
esve
tre
mai
ning
inth
eE
ngli
she
chur
ch--
—-a
rgue
dth
atun
der
the
J.IO
RR
SNC1
is.Ii
t1I’
tTh
ese
nsib
leex
celle
ncie
ofP
ubli
cW
orsh
ip
p’
isio
nsof
the
Act
of
Uni
form
ity
of
1559
,th
eC
hurc
ho
fE
ngla
ndw
as‘c
orru
pted
wit
hpo
pish
orde
rsri
tes
and
cere
mon
ies
bani
shed
out
ofce
rtai
nere
form
edC
hurc
hes
who
seex
ampl
eth
erei
nw
eou
ght
toha
vefo
llow
ed’
4F
orFi
eld,
toge
ther
with
‘1ho
mas
Wil
cox,
Wal
ter
Tra
vers
,T
hom
asC
artw
righ
tan
da
host
ofot
her
consc
ienti
ous
obje
ctor
sto
the
Eli
zabe
than
reli
giou
sse
ttle
men
t,th
eB
ooA
u/C
omm
onP
ruer
was
woe
full
yla
ckin
g.Fi
eld
desc
ribe
sit
as
ann
perf
lct
hoke
,cu
lled
&pi
cked
out
ofth
atpo
pish
edu
nghi
l,th
eI>
ortu
ise
and
Mas
seho
kefu
llof
all
abom
inat
ions
...
inal
lth
eyr
orde
ran
dse
ruic
eth
ere
isno
edif
icat
ion,
acco
rdin
gto
the
rule
ofth
eA
post
le,
but
conf
usio
n;th
eyto
sse
the
Psa
lmes
inm
ost
plac
eslik
ete
nnic
eba
lles.
Tha
tth
eysi
ngB
ened
ictu
s,N
unc
dim
itti
san
dM
agni
fica
t,w
ekn
owe
not
tow
hat
purp
ose,
exce
ptso
me
ofth
emw
ere
read
yto
die,
orex
cept
eth
eyw
ould
cele
brat
eth
em
emor
yof
the
virg
ine,
and
lohn
Bap
tist
&c.
Thu
sth
eypr
opha
neth
eho
lysc
ript
ures
.
inF
liia
bet
han
reli
gio
us
pole
mic
sth
eus
eo
fm
usic
inli
turg
yth
usco
mes
tobe
fram
edas
aques
tion
of
both
her
men
euti
cal
and
theo
log
ical
sign
ific
ance
.F
orI h
omas
(‘ar
twri
ght,
the
litur
gyco
nsti
tute
sa
test
,as
itw
ere,
ofth
eau
thor
ityof
scri
ptur
e:
the
whole
Ley
turg
y&
publ
ike
serv
ice
ofth
ech
urch
ofen
glan
d...
isia
ken
from
the
chur
chof
anti
chri
st...
neyt
her
the
wor
deof
God
!no
rre
ason
nor
the
exam
ples
of
the
elde
stch
urch
esbo
thJe
wis
hean
dch
rist
ian
doe
perm
itte
usto
use
the
sam
efo
rmes
and
cere
mon
ies
/be
ing
neyt
her
com
mau
nded
of
God
!ne
ythe
rsu
ch!
asth
ere
may
not
asgo
odas
they
and
rath
erbe
tter
bees
tabl
ishe
d.
.
The
sepa
rati
stle
ader
Rob
ert
Bro
wne
lese
lled
anot
her
biti
ngat
tack
onE
liza
beth
anch
urch
mus
ic,
echo
ing
Fie
ld’s
com
pari
son
ofan
tiph
onal
chan
tw
itha
tenn
ism
atch
:
The
irto
ssin
gto
and
fi’o
ofps
alm
san
dse
nten
ces,
islik
ete
niss
epl
aie
whe
reto
God
isca
lled
toJu
dge
who
can
dobe
stan
dbe
mos
tga
llan
tin
his
wor
ship
:as
hie
orga
ns,
soll
itin
g,pr
icks
ong,
chau
ntin
g,bu
ssin
gan
dm
umbl
ing
veri
ero
undl
ie,
ondi
vers
hand
es.
Thu
sth
eiha
vea
shew
eof
reli
gion
hut
inde
edth
eytu
rne
itto
gam
ing,
and
plai
em
ockh
olid
aie
with
the
vor
ship
ofG
od.
7
Insu
m,
the
Pur
itan
obje
ctio
nto
the
litu
rgic
alan
dm
usic
alpr
acti
ces
of
the
Eli
zabe
than
Chu
rch
of
Eng
land
was
rang
edfr
oman
insi
sten
ceth
atth
e
evan
geli
cal
prin
cipl
eof
the
abro
gati
onof
the
cere
mon
ial
law
requ
ired
the
“abr
ogat
ion
ofin
stru
men
tal
mus
ique
”in
wor
ship
,to
the
mor
em
oder
ate
view
that
elab
orat
ech
urch
mus
icdi
dno
tse
rve
toed
ify.
At
stak
ew
asfi
delit
yto
the
auth
orit
yo
fsc
ript
ure
and
the
repu
tati
onof
adhe
renc
eto
basi
cp
rin
cip
lcof
orth
odox
refo
rmed
theo
logy
.
inkee
pin
gw
ith
his
accu
sto
med
met
hod
of
anap
pea
lto
firs
t
prin
cipl
es—
anap
proa
chem
ploy
edth
roug
hout
the
Lune
[loo
ker’
sin
itia
l
resp
on
sew
asto
launch
abri
effo
ray
into
the
musi
cal
theo
ries
of
the
Pyt
hago
rean
and
Pla
toni
ctr
adit
ion
wit
ha
view
tofr
amin
gth
eun
derl
ying
herm
eneu
tica
lsi
gnif
ican
ceof
this
deba
te.
lie
defi
nes
mus
ical
harm
ony,
whe
ther
itbe
inst
rum
enta
lor
voca
l,as
a“p
ropo
rtio
nabl
edi
spos
itio
n”of
soun
ds“t
he
forc
eth
ereo
f,an
dso
plea
sing
effe
cts
itha
thin
that
very
part
of
man
whi
chis
mos
tD
ism
e,th
atso
me
have
been
ther
eby
indu
ced
toth
ink
that
the
Soul
itse
lf
byN
ature
is,
orha
thin
itH
arm
ony.”
5T
his
con
cep
tio
nof
the
soul
asa
‘har
mon
y’is
put
forw
ard
byth
eP
ytha
gore
anS
imm
ias
inP
lato
’sdi
alog
ue
Phu
edo
whe
reS
ocra
tes
resp
onds
that
the
theo
ryo
fou
rso
ulas
aki
ndol
’
attu
nem
ent
(har
mon
ia)
has
ast
rang
eho
ldup
onm
e’(8
8d).
Pyt
hago
rean
sal
so
clai
med
that
heav
enan
dea
rth
con
stit
ute
da
cosm
icha
rmon
yth
roug
hth
e
gove
rnan
ceo
fth
e‘w
orld
soul
’,a
view
that
Pla
tode
velo
psex
iens
ivel
yin
his
dial
ogue
Tiin
aeus
.T
heC
hris
tian
phil
osop
her
Boe
thiu
s(4
8052
326
)tr
ansm
itte
d
this
Neo
-Pyt
hago
rean
teac
hing
wit
hhi
sfo
rmul
atio
nof
the
thre
ele
vels
ofm
usic
asa
univ
ersa
lpr
inci
ple
ofor
der:
rnio
ica
mun
dana
,th
em
usic
of’
the
sphe
res
regu
lati
ngth
em
otio
nsof
the
heav
enly
bodi
es;
muic
ahu
mun
a,th
eha
rmon
ious
rela
tion
of
body
and
soul
thro
ugh
the
attu
nem
ent
of
the
pass
ions
wit
hth
e
ratio
nal
soul
;an
dm
usic
ain
stru
men
iali
s,th
eco
ncor
dant
rela
tion
of’i
nstr
umen
tal
soun
dsan
dvo
cal
pit
ches
.9
Cen
tral
toth
ism
usic
o-ph
ilos
ophi
cal
trad
itio
nis
the
assu
mpt
ion
ofth
ein
trin
sic
inte
rcon
nect
ion
ofth
eth
ree
kind
sof
mus
ic,
and
itis
this
assu
mpt
ion
whi
chlie
sat
the
hear
tof
lloo
ker’
sre
ligi
ous
aest
heti
cs.
Mus
ical
harm
ony,
Hoo
ker
mai
ntai
ns,
is“a
thin
gas
seas
onab
lein
grie
f’
asin
joy;
asde
cent
bein
gad
ded
unto
acti
ons
ofgr
eate
stw
eigh
tan
dso
lem
nity
,
asbe
ing
used
whe
nm
enm
ost
sequ
este
rth
emse
lves
fro
mac
tion
,”th
atis
in
publ
ican
din
priv
ate.
The
reas
onfo
rth
isis
anad
mir
able
faci
litie
whi
chm
usiq
ueha
thto
expr
esse
and
repr
esen
tto
the
mm
dcm
ore
inw
ardl
ieth
enan
yot
her
sens
ible
mea
neth
ese
rie
J.IO
RR\N
CF
KIR
BYTh
ese
nsib
leex
celle
ncie
ofP
ubli
cIV
orsh
ip
st:m
ding
eri
sing
ean
dfa
llin
ge.
the
‘er
iest
epes
and
infl
ecti
onse
erie
wa
.th
eto
mes
and
x ari
etie
sof
all
pass
ions
whe
reun
toth
em
mdc
issu
hiec
t:ea
soto
imit
ate
them
,th
atw
hith
erit
rese
mbl
eun
tous
the
sam
est
ate
‘.she
rein
our
min
des
alre
adie
are
ora
clea
nco
ntra
rie.
wee
are
not
nmre
cont
ente
dlie
byth
eon
eco
nfir
med
then
chan
ged
and
led
away
h’th
eot
her.
Inha
rmon
icth
ese
rie
imag
ean
dch
arac
ter
even
ofer
tue
and
‘.ic
eis
perc
ei’.
ed,
the
mm
dc
del
iuhte
dv.
ith
thei
rere
sent
hlan
ces
and
brou
ght
byha
’.in
geth
emof
ten
itera
ted
into
alo
veof
the
thin
gsth
emse
les.
II)
Inst
rum
enta
lm
usic
and
har
mo
ny
,th
erek
)re,
pros
ide
am
irro
r—a
“sen
sibl
em
eane
.”as
Hoo
ker
puts
it.“c
arri
edfr
omth
eE
arto
the
Spi
ritu
alfa
cult
ies
of
our
Sou
ls‘.‘
.her
ehy
the
soul
may
cont
empl
ate
not
only
itse
lf(m
u.sz
cuhu,n
ana)
hut
also
the
beau
tyan
dor
der
ofcr
eati
on(i
nusi
ca,n
unda
na).
Mus
ic,
asP
lato
taug
htin
Rep
ubli
c.is
apr
inci
pal
inst
rum
ent
far
the
educ
atio
nof
citi
/ens
for
thei
rid
eal
city
.T
hrou
ghth
em
ediu
mof
mus
icth
eso
ulis
trai
ned
inpr
acti
ceof
’th
eir
tues
,chie
fam
on
gth
emJu
stic
ew
hich
isa
harm
ony
of
the
facu
ltie
sbo
thw
ithi
nth
em
di’.
idua
lan
din
the
city
asth
eso
ul‘w
rit
larg
e’.
12
Socr
ates
asks
his
inte
rlocu
tors
,is
itno
tth
enim
po
ssib
lefo
rus
toa’
.oid
adm
itti
ngth
ism
uch.
that
the
sam
efo
rms
and
qual
itie
sar
eto
befo
und
inea
chon
eof
usth
atar
ein
the
pu/i
.?’
Mus
icfo
rho
oker
the
Pla
toni
stis
the
sens
ibIe
mea
n’w
here
byth
eso
ulis
connec
ted
toa
hig
her
.co
smic
pri
nci
ple
of
orde
r,an
dco
nse
qu
entl
yth
edi
sjiu
siti
oof
mus
icin
itsth
ree
form
sj,
,str
umen
talj
s,hu
man
a,rn
unda
na—
---a
reun
ited
ina
com
mon
end
and
purp
ose.
As
Iloo
ker
goes
onto
add.
alth
ough
we
lay
alto
geth
eras
ide
the
cons
ider
atio
no
fdi
ttie
orm
atte
r,th
ese
rie
harm
onic
of
soun
dsbe
ing
fram
edin
due
sort
e...
isby
ana
ti’.e
puis
sanc
ean
def
tica
cie
grea
tlie
asai
leab
leto
brin
geto
ape
rfec
tte
mpe
rw
hats
oeve
ris
ther
etr
oubl
ed,
apt
asw
ell
toqu
icke
nth
esp
irit
esas
toal
lay
that
whi
chis
too
eger
.so
vera
igne
agai
nst
mel
anch
olic
and
desp
aire
.fo
rcib
leto
draw
efo
rth
tear
sof
devo
tion
ifth
em
mdc
besu
chas
can
yeld
them
,ab
lebo
thto
mov
ean
dto
mod
erat
eal
laf
fect
ions)
4
One
isre
min
ded
inth
isco
nnec
tion
ol’
Lore
nzo
’sco
urt
ship
of’
Jess
ica
atB
elm
ont:
Ilow
swee
tth
em
oonl
ight
slee
psup
onth
isban
kIl
ere
will
we
sit
and
let
the
soun
dsof
mus
icC
reep
inou
rea
rs:
soft
stil
lnes
san
dth
eni
ght
I...,..‘....
...,
Sit,
Jess
ica.
Loo
kho
wth
efl
oor
ofhe
a’.e
nIs
thic
kin
laid
with
patm
esof
brig
htgo
ld:
The
re’s
not
the
smal
lest
orb
whi
chth
oube
hold
’st
But
inhi
sm
otio
nlik
ean
ange
lsi
ngs.
Still
quir
ing
toth
eyo
wg-
eyed
cher
ubin
s;Su
chha
rmon
yis
inim
mor
tal
soul
s:B
utw
hils
tth
ism
uddy
sest
ure
ofde
cay
Dot
hgr
ossl
ycl
ose
itin
,w
eca
nnot
hear
it)’
Suc
hhu
man
isti
cap
peal
sto
phil
oso
phic
altr
adit
ion,
both
here
and
scat
tere
del
sew
here
thro
ugho
utth
eL
anes
,w
ere
view
edby
Iloo
ker’
sP
urit
anop
pone
nts
ina
dim
light
.Th
ey’
ad’.
ised
him
inth
ean
ony
mou
s(‘
he’n
tian
Lett
er
of15
99th
athe
bee
care
full
not
toco
rru
pt
the
Eng
lish
cree
dean
dpu
red
oct
rin
e(w
here
unto
you
have
subs
crib
ed)
eith
erby
phil
osop
hic
orth
eai
nede
ceat
eof
scho
olem
ens
new
born
edi
’.im
tie,
orby
any
othe
rhe
gger
lyru
dim
ents
ofth
isw
ord
.,.f
or
asth
ere
ison
eth
atsa
ith
the
chur
chof
Rom
eis
Mat
erno
stra
,ou
rm
othe
r:So
ifyo
ush
ould
goe
but
one
step
furt
her
,w
ekn
owno
tw
hat
inju
ric
may
bedo
neto
her
Maj
esti
esri
ghtf
ull
lmpe
rial
lC
row
nean
dd
ign
itie
)1’
Hoo
ker’
ser
udit
ion
ises
iden
ced
inhi
sco
nclu
ding
synt
hesi
sof
Plat
onic
and
scri
ptur
alau
thor
ity
inhi
squ
otat
ion
oftw
oem
inen
tdi
’.in
es,
Rab
anus
Mau
rus
(776
856)
and
Bas
ilof
’C
aesa
rea.
Hoo
ker
para
phra
ses
the
Abb
otof
Ful
da’s
obse
rvat
ion
that
the
prac
tice
ofth
eea
rly
Chu
rch
inre
citi
ngth
eps
alm
sw
as“m
ore
sim
ple
and
plai
neth
enw
eear
e;th
atth
eire
sing
inge
was
little
mor
eth
enon
liea
mel
odio
uski
nde
ofpr
onun
ciat
ion
[i.e
.pl
ain
chan
ti,
that
the
cust
ome
whi
chw
eeno
wus
ew
asno
tin
stit
uted
som
uch
for
thei
reca
use
whi
char
esp
irit
uall
,as
toth
een
deth
atin
togr
osse
ran
dhe
avie
rm
inde
sw
hom
eba
rew
orde
sdo
eno
tea
sily
’m
ose,
the
swee
tnes
ofm
elod
icm
ight
mak
eso
me
entr
ance
for
good
thin
ges
.’°
7M
usic
med
iate
ssp
irit
ual
sust
enan
ceth
roug
hse
nsat
ion.
And
,as
Bas
ilsu
mm
aris
esth
em
atte
r,
Whe
reas
the
holi
esp
irit
esa
wth
atm
anki
nde
isun
tovi
rtue
hard
lydr
awen
,an
dth
eri
ghte
ousn
esis
the
less
eac
com
pted
ofby
reas
onof
the
pron
enes
of
our
affe
ctio
nsto
that
whi
chde
ligh
teth
,it
plea
sed
the
wis
dom
eof
the
sam
esp
riri
teto
borr
owe
from
mel
sdie
that
plea
sure
,w
hich
min
gled
wit
hhe
aven
lym
yste
ries
.ca
uset
hth
esm
ooth
nes
and
\..
J.IO
RR
AN
C1
KiR
BY
The
sens
ible
exce
l/er
nie
o/P
ub/k
Wor
ship
sott
nes
olth
atw
hich
touc
heth
the
care
,to
co
nsee
asit
wer
eby
stei
thth
etr
easu
reof
good
thin
gs
into
man
sm
mdc
.T
oth
ispu
rpos
ew
ere
thos
harm
onio
ustu
nes
ofps
alm
esde
sis
edfo
rus
....
0v
ise
conc
eipt
of
that
heas
enly
teac
her,
whi
chha
thb
his
skil
lfo
und
out
aw
ay,
that
doin
geth
ose
thin
gsw
here
inw
ede
ligh
t.w
eem
ayal
sole
arne
that
ssh
creh
wee
prol
itt.
The
herm
eneu
tica
lques
tion:
ach
ange
of
gea
rsIn
orde
rto
ap
pre
cia
tem
ore
fully
the
herm
eneu
tica
l,th
eolo
gica
l,an
dap
olog
etic
sign
ific
ance
ofIl
ooke
r’s
little
excu
rsus
‘of m
usiq
uew
it/i p
salm
es’,
itis
help
ful
to
retu
rnto
the
prol
egor
neno
nto
the
fift
hbo
oko
fth
eL
awes
whe
reH
ooker
lays
out
ase
to
fg
ener
alpro
posi
tions
asa
sort
of
gro
undw
ork
prel
iiii
i nary
tohi
ssy
ster
nal i
cex
posi
tion
of
the
publ
icduti
eso
fre
lig
ion
embo
died
inth
elit
urgy
ofth
eB
ook
at(‘
o,,n
non
Pra
ier.
‘H
efo
rmul
ates
his
firs
ta\
iom
gos
ern
ing
the
ord
erin
go
fre
ligio
us
rite
san
dce
rem
on
ies
wit
hth
efo
llow
ing
obse
rsan
on:
that
whi
chin
war
dlic
each
man
shou
ldbe
.th
eC
hurc
hou
twar
d/ic
ough
tto
test
ifie
,A
ndth
eref
ore
the
Dut
ies
ofou
rR
elig
ion
whi
char
esc
ene
mus
the
such
asth
ataf
Thc
tion
whi
chis
un
seen
ough
tto
be.
Sign
esm
ust
rese
mbl
eth
eth
inge
s1/
tel
sign
i/Ie.
Ifre
ligi
onbe
arth
egr
eate
stsw
ayin
our
hone
s,ou
rou
twar
dere
ligi
ous
duti
esm
ust
show
itas
farr
eas
the
(‘hu
rch
hath
outw
ard
habi
liti
e.D
utie
sof
reli
gion
perf
orm
edby
who
leso
ciet
ies
of
men
,ou
ght
tohas
ein
them
acco
rdin
geto
our
pow
er,
asc
,istb
/cex
cell
enci
e,co
rres
pond
ent
toth
em
ajes
tic
ofhi
mw
horn
ew
ew
orsh
ip.
Yea
,th
enar
eth
epu
bliq
uedu
ties
ofre
ligi
onbe
stor
dere
d.is
hen
the
mil
itan
tC
hurc
hdo
thre
sem
ble
byse
nsib
lem
eans
,as
itm
aie
insu
chca
ses,
that
hidd
endi
gnit
iean
dgl
orie
whe
rew
ith
the
chur
chtr
ium
phan
tin
las
enis
bew
tifi
ed.
21
Sig
nsar
eto
rese
mbl
eth
ings
sign
ifie
d;ou
twar
dac
tsto
test
ify
toin
war
ddi
spos
iiio
nsof
the
hear
t:hu
man
sens
ible
mea
nsto
show
fort
hhi
dden
divi
negl
ory
thin
gss
isib
leto
corr
espo
ndto
thin
gsin
sis
ible
;th
ech
urch
mil
itan
tto
emul
ate
the
chur
chtr
ium
phan
t:su
chis
hook
er’s
‘fir
stpr
opos
itio
n’—
orpe
rhap
sw
em
ight
call
ita
fundam
enta
lh
erm
eneu
tica
lpre
mis
e—co
nce
rnin
gth
eju
dgm
ent
ofw
hat
isco
nven
ient
and
appr
opri
ate
inw
hat
heca
lls
‘the
outw
ard
pub/u
orde
ring
of
(‘hu
rcha
/jai
r.s’
,ch
iefl
yw
ith
rega
rdto
the
exte
rnal
form
so
fdi
vin
cw
ors
hip
,21
This
bri
efsu
mm
ary
of
what
mig
ht
bed
escr
ibed
not
inap
pro
pri
atel
yas
hooker
’s‘s
emio
tic
po
stu
late
’is
hea
vil
yla
den
wit
h
eccl
esio
logi
cal.
sacr
amen
tal,
and
ultim
atel
yC
hris
tolo
gica
lco
nseq
uenc
e.no
tto
men
tion
itsen
orm
ous
apol
oget
icsi
gnif
ican
ce.
Whi
leH
ooke
rhi
nts
brie
fly
inhi
s
note
sat
the
prov
enan
ceof
his
pres
uppo
siti
onre
gard
ing
the
prin
cipl
esgo
vern
ing
the
rela
tio
nbe
twee
nsi
gns
and
thin
gssi
gn
ifie
d,
the
dis
closu
reo
fth
efu
ll
sign
ific
ance
of
his
clai
m—
insh
ort,
his
herm
eneu
tics
—is
the
burd
enof
muc
hof
the
argu
men
tof
the
rem
aind
erof
the
fift
hbo
ok,
am
ore
lcngth
disc
ussi
onth
an
the
prev
ious
four
book
sof
the
Law
esco
mbi
ned.
Thi
she
rmen
euti
cal
axio
m,
asw
eho
peto
show
,is
ofde
cisi
vesi
gnif
ican
ceno
ton
lyin
defi
ning
Hoo
ker’
s
view
son
publ
icw
orsh
ipan
dco
mm
onpr
ayer
,bu
tal
soin
clar
ifyi
ngbo
thhi
sbr
oade
rth
eolo
gica
lor
ient
atio
n,an
dhi
scl
aim
toa
plac
eam
ong
the
lead
ing
figu
res
ofm
agis
teri
alre
form
.
Insu
ppor
tof
his
asse
rtio
nre
gard
ing
the
esse
ntia
lco
nnec
tion
betw
een
sig
ns
and
thin
gssi
gnif
ied
Hoo
ker
cite
sa
char
acte
rist
ical
lyec
lect
icco
mbi
nati
on
ofau
thor
itie
s:S
econ
dC
hron
icle
s,A
mbr
ose
ofM
ilan
.S
idon
ius
Apo
llin
aris
.a
5th_
cent
ury
Rom
anpa
tric
ian
cons
ecra
ted
bish
opof
Clc
rino
ntin
the
Auscrg
ne.
and
Ger
man
usN
aupl
ius
II,
titu
lar
patr
iarc
hof
Con
stan
tino
ple
from
1226
1243
.T
hepa
ssag
ein
Chr
onic
les
(2C
hron
.2:
46)
refe
rsto
Sol
omon
’sbu
ildi
ngof
the
Tem
ple
inJe
rusa
lem
:‘A
ndth
eho
use
whi
ch1
build
isgr
eat:
for
grea
tis
our
(iod
abov
eal
lgo
d.B
utw
hois
able
tobu
ild
himan
hous
e,se
eing
the
heas
enan
dhe
aven
of
heav
ens
cann
otco
ntai
nhi
m?’
Ina
cert
ain
sens
eth
ese
two
shor
tve
rses
set
fort
hth
equ
esti
onin
anu
tshe
ll:
onth
eon
eha
ndth
eco
nstr
ucti
onof
the
Tem
ple
seek
sto
refl
ect
the
divi
negr
eatn
ess,
and
yet,
atth
esa
me
tim
e,S
olom
onac
know
ledg
esth
eut
ter
impo
ssib
ilit
yof
the
unde
rtak
ing.
The
sign
isw
holl
yin
adeq
uate
toth
eta
skof
cons
eyin
gth
egr
eatn
ess
ofth
esi
gnif
ied,
and
yet
the
buil
ding
isun
dert
aken
all
the
sam
e,im
plyi
ngth
ereb
yan
asse
rtio
nof
the
poss
ibil
ity
of
esta
bli
shin
ga
con
nec
tio
nbet
wee
nth
ein
com
men
sura
ble
.A
ccor
ding
toP
atri
arch
Ger
man
us,
‘the
Chu
rch’
,lik
eS
olom
on’s
Tem
ple.
“is
heav
enup
onea
rth
.”2
2H
ooke
rci
tes
Am
bros
e’s
para
phra
seof
Psal
m27
:3w
hich
stat
es:
‘One
thin
gha
veI
desi
red
ofth
eL
OR
D,
whi
chI
will
requ
ire;
esen
that
Im
ay
dwel
lin
the
hous
eof
’th
eL
OR
Dal
lth
eda
yso
fm
yli
fe,
tobe
hold
the
beau
tyof
the
LO
RD
,an
dto
enqu
ire
inhi
ste
mpl
e.’
Inhi
sgl
oss
onth
ispa
ssag
e.A
mbr
ose
bind
sto
geth
erth
eT
empl
eas
‘sig
n’w
ithth
edi
vine
pres
ence
as‘t
hing
sign
ifie
d’w
ith
the
wor
ds“t
hede
ligh
tof
’God
isin
the
Chu
rch;
the
chur
chis
the
subs
tant
ial
imag
eof
thin
gsh
eav
enly
.”2
3Fo
rS
idon
ius
Apo
llin
aris
,th
e(h
urc
h“d
oes
inea
rth
the
wor
ksof
hea
ven
.”24
Inth
ebi
blic
alre
fere
nces
and
inal
lth
ree
eccl
esio
logi
cal
inte
rpre
tati
ons,
the
emph
asis
isup
onth
ees
sent
ial
unit
yan
d
V.
J.it
)RR
’Mi
KIR
BY
The
sens
ible
exce
llenc
ieof
Pit
hlic
Wor
ship
coim
cctc
dnc,
sot
the
chur
chm
ilit
ant
and
the
chur
chtr
ium
phan
t,th
efo
rmer
anex
tern
alan
dsm
sihl
ere
pres
enta
tion
of
the
hidd
enan
din
visi
ble
real
ity.
Thu
sH
ooke
rm
arsh
als
bibl
ical
asw
ell
aspa
tris
tic
and
med
ieva
lau
thor
ity
insu
ppor
tof
his
cent
ral
clai
mre
gard
ing
the
natu
reof
sign
san
dth
eir
rela
tion
toth
eth
ings
sign
ilie
d:“t
hepu
bliq
uedu
ties
ofre
ligi
on[a
rej
best
orde
red,
whe
nth
em
ilit
ant
Chu
rch
doth
rese
mbl
eby
sens
ible
mea
ns,
asit
mai
ein
such
case
s,th
athi
dden
dign
itic
and
glor
iew
here
wit
hth
ech
urch
triu
mph
ant
inhe
aven
isbew
tifi
ed.”
25
Whe
nJo
hn
Fie
ld’s
coll
eague
Thom
asW
ilco
xo
bse
rved
inA
nto
tilt
’J>
ar/j
umcn
l(1
572)
that
“we
inE
ngla
ndar
eso
far
off,
from
haui
nga
chur
chri
ghtly
refo
rmed
,ac
cord
ing
toth
epr
escr
ipte
ofG
ods
woo
rde,
that
aset
we
are
sear
seco
me
toth
eoutt
ard
thee
ofth
esa
me,
”hi
sco
mpl
aint
was
dire
cted
squa
rely
inop
posi
tion
toth
eas
sum
ptio
nth
atsu
cha
‘sen
sibl
e’re
sem
blan
ceth
ech
urch
triu
mph
ant
was
eith
erpo
ssib
leor
even
desi
rabl
e.In
his
detè
ncc
ofth
e.d
dmom
non
publ
ishe
din
the
foll
owin
gye
ar,
Tho
mas
Car
twri
ght
note
d“t
hefa
ults
that
are
com
mit
ted
alm
ost
thru
ghou
tth
ew
hole
Lev
turg
y&
publ
ike
serv
ice
of
the
Chu
rch
ofE
ngla
nd...
nevt
her
the
wor
deof
God
,no
rre
ason
,no
rth
eex
ampl
esof
the
elde
stch
urch
esbo
thJe
wis
hean
dch
rist
ian
/do
epe
rmit
teus
tois
eth
esa
me
form
esan
dce
rem
on
ies:
’’A
tth
ehe
art
ofth
ese
urge
ntP
urit
anob
ject
ions
was
agr
owin
gse
nse
that
ow
ing
toth
eli
turg
yo
fC
omm
onPr
ayer
,w
ith
itsat
tend
ant
test
men
tsan
dor
nam
ents
,in
itsem
brac
eof
pom
pan
dan
ou
twar
dst
atel
ines
s’of
wor
ship
,th
eC
hurc
hof
Eng
land
had
“in
man
yth
ing
esd
epar
ted
from
the
aun
cien
tsi
mpli
citi
eof
Chri
stan
dhis
Apo
stle
s”;’
and
inH
ooke
r’s
sum
mar
yof
thes
eob
ject
ions
,
wee
hat
efr
amed
our
Selv
esto
the
cust
onie
so
fth
eC
hurc
hof
Rom
e:ou
ror
ders
and
cere
mon
ies
are
papi
stic
all
..
.ou
rC
hurc
h-fo
unde
rsw
ere
not
soca
refu
llas
inth
ism
atte
rth
eysh
ould
eha
vehe
ne,
but
conte
nte
dth
emse
lves
wit
hsu
chd
isci
pli
ne,
asth
eyto
okfr
omth
eC
hurc
hof
Rom
e,T
heir
erro
rw
eou
thto
refo
rme
byab
olis
hing
all
Pop
ish
orde
rs.
The
rem
ust
bce
noco
mm
unio
nno
rfe
llow
ship
wit
hP
ap
iste
sn
eit
her
indo
t(r
ule
,cerem
onie
s,
no
rg
ov
ern
men
tIt
isno
ten
ough
that
we
are
det
ided
from
the
Chu
rch
of
Rom
eby
the
sing
lew
all
ofdo
ctri
ne,
rete
ning
asw
eedo
epa
rte
of’
thei
rce
rem
onie
s,an
dal
mos
tth
eir
who
leg
oer
niti
ent
.
f’or
[loo
ker,
the
ques
tion
ther
eflw
ew
as‘w
heth
erw
em
ayfl
)llo
wth
eC
hurc
hof
Rom
ein
thos
eor
ders
rite
san
dce
rem
onie
s,w
here
inw
edo
eno
tth
inke
them
blam
eabl
e,or
els
ough
tto
de
ise
othe
rs,
and
toha
veno
conf
orm
itie
wit
hth
em.’
Inse
ttin
gou
thi
sar
gum
ent
inde
fenc
eof
Art
icle
sof
Rel
igio
n,th
e
Boo
ko
fC
omm
onP
raye
r,an
dth
eO
rdin
alw
ithits
thre
e-fo
ldhi
erar
chy
ofsa
cred
min
iste
rs,
Hoo
ker
appe
als
toan
anci
ent
auth
orit
yw
ho,
atle
ast
supe
rtic
iall
y,
look
sto
beth
em
ost
unli
kely
ally
inan
apol
ogy
inte
nded
both
toju
stif
y“t
he
stat
eof
reth
rrne
dre
ligio
n”
29
inE
ngla
ndan
dto
urge
the
non-
nece
ssit
yof!
urt
her
Ref
orm
atio
nal
ong
the
lines
prop
osed
byC
artw
righ
t,T
rave
rs,
and
the
auth
ors
of’
the
Adm
onit
ion
and
Avi
ewofp
opis
heab
uses
,W
ilco
xan
dFi
eld.
Inre
spon
se
Iloo
ker
obse
rves
that
nona
tion
unde
rhe
auen
eith
erdo
thor
euer
did
suff
erpu
bliq
ueac
tions
whi
char
eo
fw
aigh
t,w
heth
erth
eybe
ciui
lan
dte
mpo
rall
.or
else
spir
itual
!an
dsa
cred
,to
pass
ew
itho
utso
me
visi
ble
s‘l
emni
tie;
the
ser’
stra
ngen
esw
here
ofan
ddi
ti’er
enee
from
that
whi
chis
com
mon
.do
thca
use
popu
lar
eyes
toob
seru
ean
dto
mar
keth
esa
me.
Wor
des
both
beca
use
they
are
com
mon
,an
ddo
eno
tso
stro
ngly
mou
eth
epl
iaiu
ieoi
man
,ar
efo
rth
em
ost
part
ebu
tsl
eigh
tly
hear
d:an
dth
erl’
ore
wit
hsi
ngul
arw
isdo
me
itba
thbe
nepr
ouid
ed’
that
the
deed
sut
men
whi
char
em
ade
inth
epr
esen
ceof
wit
ness
es,
shou
ldpa
sse
not
onel
yw
ith
wor
ds,
but
also
with
cert
aine
sens
ible
aclio
n.s,
the
men
iors
whe
rof
isfa
rre
mor
eea
sie
and
dura
ble
then
the
mem
norie
ofsp
eech
can
be.
”
Her
eal
sow
ede
tect
the
appl
icat
ion
ofH
ooke
r’s
henr
iene
utic
ofsi
gns
in
the
empl
oym
ent
ofvi
sibl
eto
kens
tore
pres
ent
hidd
enre
alit
ies,
and
here
also
the
lang
uage
isso
mew
hat
sugg
esti
veof
aPl
aton
icin
flue
nce.
The
facu
ltyof
hum
an
‘pha
ncie
’—-—
anex
pres
sion
refe
rrin
gto
the
imag
inat
ive
facu
lty,
plau
sibl
yto
Pla
to’s
puvt
uniu
isth
em
ean
orth
ein
stru
men
tw
here
byth
eni
ind
isad
dres
sed.
Insu
ppor
tof
the
herm
eneu
tics
of
vis
ible
sole
mni
tie’
inth
eli
turg
y
Hoo
ker
invo
kes
patr
isti
cau
thor
ity
inth
epe
rson
ofno
neot
her
than
Pse
udo
Dio
nysi
usth
eA
reop
agit
e,th
eob
scur
ebu
tre
mar
kabl
yin
flue
ntia
lea
rly
-six
th-
cent
ury
Syr
ian
orth
odox
theo
logi
anw
hoai
med
ata
synt
hesi
sof
Chr
isti
an
doct
rine
wit
hth
ela
te-N
eop
tato
nm
cm
etap
hy
sics
ol’
Pro
elu
s.’’
Inhi
s
Ecc
lesi
asti
cal
Hie
rarc
hie
s,D
iony
sius
offe
rsth
em
ost
succ
inct
sum
mar
yof
gove
rnin
gpr
inci
ple
of1-
look
er’s
litu
rgic
alhe
rmen
euti
cs:
“the
sens
ible
tiuliu
gs
whi
chR
elig
ion
bath
hall
owed
.ar
ere
sem
bla
nce
sfr
amed
acco
rdin
gto
thuu
gs
spir
itua
l/v
unde
rsto
od,
whe
reun
wth
ei’
serv
eas
aha
ndto
lead
and
ait
aito
dir
ect.
”32
Thi
sw
asa
wid
ely
reco
gnis
edfo
rmul
atio
nof
the
lex
divu
nii’a
tis.
the
so—
calle
dla
wof
the
‘gre
atch
ain’
,in
flue
ntia
lea
rlie
rin
the
sixt
eent
hce
ntur
yin
the
theo
logy
ofJo
hnT
his
law
cons
titu
tes
apr
inci
ple
ofco
smic
med
iati
onof
I.lU
RK
\\(
IK
IRB
YTh
ese
nsib
leex
i’el
len
ewu/
Publu
’II
orS
hiJ)
di’.
inc
pow
eran
dgo
’.er
nanc
eth
roug
ha
seri
esof
hier
arch
ical
lyor
dere
dst
eps
and
degr
ee’.
‘4In
the
man
uscr
ipt
ofhi
s‘m
mgr
uph
,\ole
’sdr
afte
din
prep
arat
ion
tbr
the
com
posi
tion
ofhe
linal
hook
ofth
eL
oues
,i.e
.B
ook
VII
Ion
the
pow
erof
eccl
esia
stic
aldo
min
ion,
orth
eR
oyal
Supre
mac
y,
Ho
ok
erag
ain
qu
ote
sP
seud
o-D
iony
sius
asth
eso
urce
of
his
thou
ghts
onth
equ
esti
ono
for
der
and
hic
rarc
h,
thus
link
ing
hcr
men
euti
call
yth
eques
tio
ns
of
cere
mo
nie
san
dec
cles
iast
ical
go’.
ernm
ent:
If‘.o
iita
keaw
ayor
der,
ofne
cess
ity
cont
Usi
ontb
llos’
.s,
v.he
nce
aris
esdi
’.is
iun
and
from
di’.
isbn
dest
ruct
ion
...
The
refo
re,
the
Apo
stle
has
said
that
all
thin
gssh
ould
bedo
new
ithor
der
..
.T
his
orde
rco
nsis
tsin
dist
inct
ion
of
degr
ee,
soth
aton
edi
ffer
sfr
omhi
sfe
llow
inpo
wer
and
the
less
erob
eys
the
grea
ter,
othe
rwis
eso
ciet
yca
nnot
hold
toge
ther
.A
ndso
itis
adi
’,in
cla
w[1
evdn
’inu
atL
s],
says
Ble
ssed
Dio
nysi
us,
for
the
low
est
thin
gs
tobe
led
hack
toth
ehig
hes
tby
thos
eth
atar
ein
term
edia
te, ‘
Tha
tth
elo
wer
‘sen
sibl
eth
ings
’”se
r’.c
tom
edia
tekn
owle
dge
ofth
ings
‘spi
ritu
all
unde
rsto
od’
ofw
hich
they
are
rese
mbl
ance
sis
ascl
ear
afo
rmul
atio
nas
one
mig
htw
ish
ofth
efi
rst
axio
mco
nce
rnin
gth
e‘p
ubli
que
du
ties
of
reli
gion
’.T
hus,
tore
turn
toth
eax
iom
,“d
utie
sof
reli
gion
perf
orm
edby
who
leso
ciet
ies
ofm
en,
ough
tto
hare
inth
em-a
sensi
ble
exce
//en
cie,
corr
espo
nden
tto
the
mal
esti
eof
him
v.ho
me
we
wo
rsh
ip—
[th
ear
e]be
stor
dere
d,w
hen
the
mil
itan
tC
hurc
hdo
thre
sem
ble
byse
nsib
lem
eans
--——
t hat
hidd
endi
gnit
iean
dgl
orie
whe
re’.’
. ith
the
chur
chtr
ium
phan
tin
heav
enis
hew
titi
ed.”
58
Tha
tth
ere
can
bean
aest
heti
cco
rres
pond
ence
betw
een
the
‘.is
ible
beau
tyof
the
chur
chm
ilita
ntin
eart
han
dth
ein
vis
ible
glor
yo
fth
ech
urch
triu
mp
han
tin
hear
enis
the
prem
ise
unde
rlyi
ngth
islo
gic
ofhi
erar
chic
alm
edia
tion
.T
hrou
ghou
tth
eI
awe.
’.ll
ooker
cont
inua
lly
empl
oys
argu
men
tsan
dim
ages
‘.shi
chsu
pp
ort
the
‘.ic
s’.
that
the
churc
h,
her
ord
ers
of
min
istr
y,
go’.
crnm
cnt.
sacr
amen
tsan
dce
rem
onie
s,an
din
deed
her
mus
icar
eal
lm
odel
led
onan
exem
plar
ofa
cosm
icor
der
epit
onii
sed
byth
ehi
erar
chy
ofth
ean
gels
.T
he‘la
wcv
lcst
ial’
‘.‘.h
ich
go’.
ems
the
ange
lic
bein
gspr
ovid
esa
para
digm
for
orde
ran
d‘.s
orsh
ipam
ong
mor
tals
:
Nei
ther
are
the
Ang
els
them
sels
es,
sofa
rre
se’.
ered
from
usin
thei
rki
ndan
dm
ann
ero
fw
ork
ing
,hu
tth
at,
betw
eene
the
law
of
thei
rh
earenl
oper
atio
ns
and
the
acti
on
sof
men
inth
isou
rst
ate
of
mor
tali
tie.
such
corr
espo
nden
ceth
ere
is,
asm
aket
hit
expe
dien
tto
know
inso
me
sort
the
one,
for
the
othe
rsm
ore
perf
ect
dire
ctio
n.“
The
orde
rly
obed
ienc
eof
the
ange
lspr
osid
es‘a
pate
rne
and
asp
urre
’
tow
eake
rhu
man
natu
re,
part
icul
arly
with
resp
ect
toth
e‘s
ensi
ble
exce
llen
cie’
ofce
rem
onie
so
fth
eli
turg
y:‘e
ven
abou
tth
eou
twar
dor
ders
of
the
Chu
rch
whi
chse
rse
but
for
com
line
sse,
som
ere
gard
isto
heha
dof
Ang
els.
who
best
like
us,
whe
nw
eear
em
ost
like
unto
them
inal
lpa
rtes
ofde
cent
dem
eano
r.’
4
Thu
sth
ecl
ergy
clad
in‘h
oly
garm
ents
’m
anda
ted
byth
eO
rnam
ents
Ruh
ric
are
said
tore
sem
ble
“the
glor
ieof
the
Sam
etes
inhe
asen
,to
geth
erw
ithth
ebe
wtie
whe
rein
Ang
els
have
appe
ared
unto
men
”4’
Thi
sco
ncep
tof
the
lmkm
gto
geth
erof
hum
anw
orsh
ipw
ithan
gelic
mod
els
isbe
auti
full
ysu
mm
aris
edin
the
Col
lect
appo
inte
dfo
rth
efe
ast
ofSa
int
Mic
hael
and
All
Ang
els:
“0F.’
. erl
asti
ng(I
od.
who
hast
orde
red
and
cons
titu
ted
the
serv
ices
ofA
ngel
san
dm
enin
a‘.s
onde
rtlil
orde
r:M
erci
fully
gran
tth
at,
asth
yho
lyA
ngel
sal
way
doth
eese
rsic
ein
heas
en,
soby
thy
appo
intm
ent
they
may
succ
our
and
defi
ndus
onea
rth
Thu
sfo
rH
ooke
r the
how
seo
fpr
ayer
isa
cour
tb
ewti
fed
wit
hth
epr
esen
ceof
’th
ece
lest
ial
pow
ers,
that
ther
ew
est
and,
we
pray
,w
eso
und
fort
hhy
mne
sun
toG
od,
havi
nge
his
Ang
els
inte
rmin
gled
asou
ras
soci
ates
;an
dth
atw
ithre
fere
nce
ther
eunt
oth
apos
tle
doth
requ
ire
sogr
eat
care
tobe
had
of
dece
ncie
for
the
ange
lssa
ke;
how
can
we
com
eto
the
hous
eof
pray
eran
dno
tbe
mov
edw
ithth
ese
rie
glor
ieoi
the
plac
eit
selI
i,so
tofr
ame
our
affe
ctio
nspr
ayin
ge,
asdo
thbe
stbe
seem
eth
em,
who
sesu
tes
thal
mig
htie
doth
ther
esi
ttto
hear
e,an
dhi
san
gels
atte
ndto
furd
er’?
’4
Hoo
ker
devo
tes
anen
tire
chap
ter
toa
defe
nce
ofth
ean
cien
tpr
acti
ceof
anti
phon
alsi
ngin
g,th
atis
“of
sing
inge
orsa
yin
geps
alm
esm
dot
her
part
sof
com
mon
pray
erw
here
inth
epe
ople
and
the
min
iste
ran
swer
eon
ean
othe
rby
cours
e.”
44
For
Bas
ilof
Cae
sare
a,th
epr
acti
ceof
sing
ing
one
sers
ew
ithth
e‘.o
ice
and
atte
ndin
gin
the
hear
tto
next
“did
both
stre
ngth
enth
em
edit
atio
nof
thos
eho
lie‘.‘
.ord
esw
hich
s’.e
reut
tere
din
that
sort
e.an
dse
rve
also
tom
ake
atte
ntm
sean
dto
rais
eup
the
hart
esof
men
;a
thin
gew
here
unto
God
spe
ople
ofol
ddi
d
reso
rtw
ith
hope
and
thir
stth
atth
ereb
yes
pec
iall
ieth
eire
soul
esm
ight
he
edif
ied;.
.”°
The
alte
rnat
ion
betw
een
voca
lan
dsi
lent
chan
t,be
twee
nhe
art
and
voic
e,se
r’.e
sin
Hoo
ker’
svi
ew’
tore
info
rce
the
sens
eof
the
dfsp
osil
/nof
wor
ship
betw
een
the
ange
lic
and
hum
anor
ders
.C
once
rnin
gan
tiph
onal
chan
t.cm
rt,.
r;.-
,htr,h
r,
p’
eh,t
Ii)R
R\\
(I
KIR
BY
The
sens
ible
LI
elle
neze
oJP
ubli
cl
insl
up
from
whe
nce
soes
erit
cam
e,it
cann
otbe
good
,co
nsid
erin
ge,
that
whe
nit
isgr
aunt
ed.
that
all
the
peop
lem
aypr
aise
God
(as
itis
insi
ngin
gof
psal
mes
)th
enth
isou
ght
not
tobe
rest
ravn
edun
toa
few
:an
dw
here
itis
law
full
both
with
hart
ean
d‘.
oice
tosi
nge
the
who
leps
alm
eth
ere
isis
not
mee
teth
atth
esh
ould
sinc
ebu
tth
eon
eha
lfe
with
thei
rha
rte
and
oic
e,
and
the
othe
rw
ith
thei
rha
rte
on
k.
For
whe
reth
eym
a’bo
thw
ith
hart
ean
d‘.
oiee
sing
ther
eth
ehe
art
isno
ten
ough
.T
here
fore
besi
des
the
rnco
rnm
odit
iew
hich
corn
eth
this
way
,in
that
bein
gto
ssed
afte
rth
isso
rte
men
cann
otun
ders
tand
wha
tis
song
e,th
ose
othe
rtw
oin
eo
nen
ience
sco
rnof
this
form
of
sing
ing,
and
ther
efor
eit
isba
nish
edin
all
refo
rmed
Churc
hes
.4b
The
forc
eof
Car
twri
ght’
sne
gati
vere
spon
seto
anti
phon
alsi
ngin
gis
tore
asse
rtth
eim
po
ssib
ilit
and
inap
prop
riat
enes
sof
the
atte
mpt
toim
itat
eor
repr
esen
tth
roug
hex
tern
alfo
rms
ofw
orsh
ipas
insu
cha
man
ner
asto
sugg
est
thei
rbe
ing
inan
yw
apr
opor
tion
able
toth
e‘h
idde
ndi
gnit
ie’
ofan
geli
cpr
aise
.T
hed
ista
nce
hetw
ecu
sign
and
the
thin
gsi
gnif
ied
isto
ogr
eat
toad
mit
of
clL
sp0
i/b. The
apo
log
etic
sofo
rship
Ilow
are
we
toco
nstr
ueih
co/o
gii
alli
Hoo
ker’
sre
peat
edin
voca
tion
sof
the
•bea
uty
ofho
line
ss’?
An
inoc
atio
nof
wor
ship
litfo
rth
epr
esen
ceof
the
ange
lsas
inte
rpre
ted
byth
egr
and
trad
itio
nof
Chr
isti
anN
eopl
aton
ism
inth
ew
riti
ngs
ofPs
eudo
—D
iony
sius
the
Are
op
agit
era
ises
the
ques
tion
whe
ther
[loo
ker
ma
perh
aps
have
been
disi
ngen
uous
inhi
sre
peat
edas
sert
ion
that
heis
ade
fend
erof
the
refo
rmed
trad
itio
nin
the
Chu
rch
ofE
ngla
nd.
Hoo
ker’
sce
ntur
yP
urit
ancr
itic
san
din
deed
man
yof
his
I9’
5—ce
ntu
ryan
d2O
—ce
ntur
yad
mir
ers
see
his
theo
log
ases
sent
iall
ya
theo
logi
cal
com
prom
ise,
even
asa
whole
sale
aban
do
nm
ent
of
Ref
orm
edpri
nci
ple
s.S
ome
of
Ho
ok
er’s
cont
empo
rari
esex
cori
ated
hulu
,sbo
uts
his
sust
aine
dde
fenc
eof
the
auth
ority
ofre
ason
and
natu
ral
law
,th
efr
eedo
mof
the
will
,th
eau
thor
ityof
the
Fath
ers
and
eccl
esia
stic
altr
adit
ion,
the
‘bea
uty
ofho
line
ss’
asm
anif
est
inth
esp
lend
our
of’
C’h
uich
arch
itec
ture
,or
nam
ents
,an
dli
turg
,to
geth
erw
ith
his
defe
nce
ofth
ehi
erar
eh’,
of
bish
ops.
and
fina
lly
the
roya
lhe
adsh
ipo
fth
eC
hurc
has
self
eid
ent
aban
donm
ent
of
mai
n—st
ream
Pro
test
ant
orth
odox
y,as
are
trea
tin
to‘t
heda
rken
esse
of
Sch
oole
lear
ning
’,an
dth
eref
ore
asa
fata
lco
mpr
omis
ew
ith
Pope
rie’
.as
the
anon
ym
ous
atta
cktit
led
fC
’hri
sth,
,,L
ette
rpu
tsit
.4
John
Hen
ryN
ewm
an,
John
Keb
le,
and
man
yV
icto
rian
and
late
rsc
hola
rsin
flue
nced
byw
hat
mig
htbe
term
ed‘t
hevi
am
edia
herm
eneu
tie’
ofA
ngli
cani
sm(e
.g.
Har
ryPo
rter
,L
eeG
ibbs
,an
dW
illi
amll
auga
ard)
took
and
cont
inue
tota
ke—
very
muc
hth
esa
me
view
of
the
subs
tanc
eo
fll
oo
ker
’spo
sitio
non
man
yof
’the
sesu
bsta
ntiv
eth
eolo
gica
lqu
esti
ons,
exce
ptth
atth
eyar
eby
nom
eans
crit
ical
of
such
anap
par
ent
aban
do
nm
ent
of
Ref
orm
atio
npr
inci
ples
,bu
tra
ther
wel
com
ean
dpr
aise
this
appr
oach
asst
riki
nga
mid
dle
path
betw
een
Rom
ean
dG
enev
aan
dth
usas
defi
niti
veof
the
pecu
liar
char
acte
rof
the
Chu
rch
ofE
ngla
ndan
dof
Angli
canis
m.
45
Dia
rmai
dM
acC
ullo
ehha
sne
atly
sum
mar
ised
this
via
med
iaher
men
euti
ein
his
des
crip
tion
ofth
eE
ngli
shR
efor
mat
ion
asa
‘the
olog
ical
cuck
ooin
the
nest
’w
here
the
‘egg
’of
Prot
esta
ntdo
ctri
nal
refo
rmis
laid
and
hatc
hed
ina
‘Rom
ish’
eccl
esia
stic
aln
est
.4’1
As
aco
nseq
uenc
eof
anem
brac
eof
this
para
digm
,m
any
scho
lars
have
inte
rpre
ted
Hoo
ker’
sax
iom
rega
rdin
gth
ere
lati
onbe
twee
nsi
gns
and
thin
gssi
gnif
ied,
and
his
con
seq
uen
tsa
cral
isat
ion
of
the
isib
lech
urch
,as
soli
dev
iden
ceo
fa
com
mon
-sen
sew
illi
ngne
ssto
stri
kea
com
prom
ise
betw
een
Rom
ean
dR
efor
m.
Thi
sis
the
wha
tis
ofte
nre
ferr
edto
asth
e‘e
xcep
tiona
list’
acco
unt
ofth
eE
nglis
hR
eform
atio
n,
wit
hR
ichar
dH
oo
ker
,th
eputa
tive
theo
logic
al‘f
ath
ero
fA
ngli
cani
sm’
,50
held
upas
the
firs
tan
dgr
eate
stex
pone
ntof
ane
wpa
thof
theo
logic
alco
mpro
mis
e—a
‘Pro
test
ant
lerti
um
quid
amon
ges
tab
lish
edE
urop
ean
chur
ches
’in
Will
iam
Hau
gaar
d’s
form
ula
tio
n.
Doe
sth
isre
adin
gof
’hooker
asth
eau
tho
rof
the
via
med
iaan
din
vent
orof
Ang
lica
nism
hold
wat
er?
Iw
ould
like
topr
opos
eth
atth
isve
ryim
port
ant
ques
tion
turn
sde
cisi
vely
’on
our
read
ing
ofH
ooke
r’s
rem
arka
bly
subt
leh
erm
eneu
tic
of
sign
s.(T
his
ques
tion
isim
port
ant
not
only
for
the
inte
rpre
tati
onof
the
thou
ght
ofH
ooke
r,bu
tal
sofo
rth
ese
lf-u
nder
stan
ding
ofC
hurc
hof
Eng
land
and
the
case
for
the
auth
enti
city
ofits
clai
mto
apl
ace
with
inth
eR
efor
med
trad
itio
n.)
To
begi
n,1
wou
ldlik
eto
leap
back
age
nera
tion
toH
ooke
r’s
patr
onJo
hnJe
wel
,bi
shop
ofS
alis
bury
.w
hopu
tsth
ehe
rmen
cuti
cal
prob
lem
very
succ
inct
lyin
his
cele
brat
edC
hall
enge
Serm
onpr
each
edat
Paul
’sC
ross
shor
tly’
afte
rth
eac
cess
ion
of
Eli
zabe
thin
Nov
embe
rl5
58
.2In
his
serm
onJe
wel
offe
rsa
crit
ique
ofth
edo
ctri
neof
tran
subs
tant
iati
onw
here
inhe
stat
esas
his
prin
cipa
lax
iom
:‘f
irst
we
put
adU
jere
nce
betw
een
the
sign
and
the
thin
git
self
that
issi
gnif
ied.
’S
uch
shar
pdi
stin
ctio
nbe
twee
na
lite
ral
and
afi
gura
tive
inte
rpre
tati
onof
sacr
amen
tal
‘pre
senc
e’is
ofcr
ucia
lsi
gnif
ican
cefo
rth
eem
erge
nce
ofa
dist
inct
ivel
yP
rote
stan
the
rmen
euti
cs.
Inde
edfo
rJe
wel
the
\t.
i.IO
RR
\’st
iki
Rii
VTh
ese
nsib
1eex
cell
enci
cof
Pub
lic
Wor
ship
ke
disa
gree
men
tbe
twee
nth
ech
urch
esat
’E
ngla
ndan
dR
ome
was
redu
cibl
eto
herm
eneu
tica
lm
etho
d-
the
enor
mou
sat
tent
ion
rece
ised
byth
isse
rmon
onth
epa
rtof
both
supp
orte
rsan
dop
pone
nts
isve
rylik
ely
owin
gto
the
clar
ity
ofhi
sfo
rmul
atio
nof
the
crit
ical
sem
ioti
cpr
oble
mof
the
Ref
orm
atio
n.D
raw
ing
upon
Aug
usti
ne’s
DL
’cl
octm
uici
(‘hr
i,stiu
nu,
Jew
elne
atly
sum
mar
ises
the
key
prin
cipl
ew
hich
wou
ldbe
com
edct
init
ieof
Eli
zabe
than
herm
eneu
tics
,ec
cles
iast
icur
n,an
dsa
cram
enta
lte
achi
ng:
‘we
put
adi
fftr
ence
betw
een
the
sign
and
the
thin
git
self
that
isig
nil
ied.’
’Je
wel
dem
onst
rate
sth
atin
Aug
usti
ne’s
trea
tmen
tof
the
Euc
hari
stth
epr
epar
atio
nof
the
min
dfo
rth
ere
cept
ion
of
com
mun
ion
isal
lim
port
ant,
fin
the
‘fig
ure’
of’
the
thin
gis
not
tobe
conf
used
with
that
whi
chit
repre
sents
,th
erc
t’er
ent
orth
e‘t
hing
itse
lf”.
‘“H
owsh
all
Iho
ldhi
m,”
sait
h:\
ugus
tinc
.“w
hich
isab
sent
’?fl
owsh
all
Ire
ach
my
hand
upto
heav
en,
tola
yho
ldup
onhi
mth
atsi
ttet
hth
ere’
?”li
ean
swer
eth.
“Rea
chth
ithe
rth
yfa
ith,
and
then
thou
hast
laid
hold
onhi
m.
Fai
thha
din
the
sacr
amen
ts,”
saith
Aug
usti
ne.
“dot
hju
stif
y,an
dna
tth
esa
cram
ents
”’4
Aug
usti
ne’s
dict
um“I
nsa
cram
enti
sid
endum
cst,
non
quid
sin
t,sc
dquid
signif
icen
t”is
quote
dby
Jew
elrc
pea
tcdl
.‘‘
Jew
elsu
mm
aris
esth
eA
ugus
tini
anfo
unda
tion
ofth
isre
form
edac
coun
tof
sacr
amen
tal
com
mun
ion:
“Tha
tw
ehe
thus
inC
hris
t,an
dC
hris
tin
us,
requir
eth
not
any
corp
ora
lor
loca
lbe
ing,
asin
thin
gsna
tura
l.W
ear
ein
Chr
ist
sitt
ing
inhea
en,
and
Chr
ist
sitt
ing
inhe
aven
ishe
rein
us.
not
bya
natu
ral,
huth
asp
irit
ual
mea
nof
bein
g.St
.A
ugus
tine
sait
h:‘p
ostq
uam
cxm
ortu
isre
surr
e\it
,ct
asce
ndit
adPa
trer
n,es
tin
nobi
spe
rS
piri
tum
”(d
eT
rio.
6.’
’T
hedis
tance
betw
een
sign
and
sigm
fied
isun
ders
core
dby
the
Asc
ensi
on.
Ahe
rmen
euti
csgr
ound
edin
the
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
sign
(sig
nuni
)an
dth
ing
sign
ifie
d(.
sign
ilIcu
(zun
)ta
kes
onde
eper
Chr
isto
logi
cal
sign
ific
ance
for
Jew
elw
hen
heca
utio
nsag
ains
tso
mai
ntai
ning
the
divi
nena
ture
ofC
hris
tas
tota
keaw
ayth
etr
uth
ofhi
sbo
dily
hum
anna
ture
.A
gain
quot
ing
Aug
usti
ne,
‘We
conf
ess
ther
ear
cin
Chri
sttw
osu
bsta
nces
orna
ture
s;th
eon
eof
the
godh
ead.
the
othe
rof
the
man
hood
:th
eon
eof
the
crea
tor,
the
othe
rof
the
crea
ture
;w
hich
subs
tanc
esno
twit
hsta
ndin
gar
eno
tco
nfus
ed,
but
unit
ed,
and
inon
ese
lfsa
me
pers
onin
sepa
rabl
e,an
dre
mai
ning
eser
mor
ein
thei
row
npr
oper
ties
.’T
oco
nfu
sesi
gnan
dth
ing
sign
ifie
dis
tanta
mount
too
erth
row
ing
this
cruc
ial
form
ula
ofpat
rist
icC
hri
stolo
gic
alort
hodoxy,
nam
ekth
eC
hal
cedonia
ndef
init
ion,
Jew
el’s
August
inia
nher
men
euti
cof
sign
and
thin
g,
and
the
clas
sica
ll\
‘Ref
orm
edac
coun
tof
sacr
amen
tal
pre
sence
buil
tup
onth
athe
rine
ncut
ic,re
erhe
ratc
thro
ugho
uthi
scr
itiq
ueof
priv
ate
mas
ses,
the
ador
atio
n
ofim
ages
,an
dpr
ayer
sin
ast
rang
eto
ngue
,as
wel
las
inhi
saf
firm
atio
nof
com
mun
ion
unde
rbo
thki
nds,
his
defi
niti
onof
the
juri
sdic
tion
ofbi
shop
s.an
dth
eir
depe
nden
ceup
onth
eec
cles
iast
ical
supr
emac
yof
Prin
ces.
Itis
noex
agge
rati
onto
stat
eth
atJe
wel
set
the
errn
eneu
tics
and
cons
eque
ntly
the
eccl
esia
stic
urn
of’t
heC
hurc
hof
Eng
land
--on
are
sol
utia
nary
new
cour
se,
aco
urse
whi
chhe
clai
med
tobe
uneq
uivo
call
y‘r
efor
med
’.T
hegr
eat
achi
evem
ent
ofhi
sA
polo
gia
eccl
esue
ungl
icun
a’is
tolin
kto
geth
erth
em
anif
old
char
acte
rist
ics
ofth
efa
ith,
orde
r,an
dw
orsh
ipof
the
refo
rmed
(‘hu
rch
of
Eng
land
asth
eyha
dem
erge
dpi
ece
bypi
ece
duri
ngth
epre
ious
thre
ede
cade
sun
der
Hen
ryV
III,
Edw
ard
Vi,
and
mos
tre
cent
lyun
der
Eliz
abet
h,an
dto
dem
onst
rate
thei
rco
here
nce
inte
rms
ofa
fully
self
-con
scio
usre
stor
atio
n01
anA
ugust
inia
nher
men
euti
cof
‘sig
nurn
Cf
re,s
.B
yJe
wel
’sac
count,
the
eccl
esio
logi
cal
cohe
renc
eof
the
refo
rmed
and
auto
nom
ous
cccl
c.si
aun
glu’
unu
unde
rE
liza
bet
hw
asth
epro
duct
of
this
dec
isiv
eher
men
euti
cal
shif
ta
cons
erva
ti’s
eac
hiev
emen
tin
one
impo
rtan
tre
spec
t.na
mel
yth
atJe
wel
’sne
wap
proa
chw
asa
‘ret
urn’
toth
eau
thor
ityol
’the
Fath
ers
ofth
eea
rly
chur
ch.
The
oppose
dlo
gic
sof
Cat
holi
can
dJe
wel
’sne
wre
form
edec
cies
iast
icum
are
perh
aps
mos
tpl
ainl
yev
iden
tin
thei
rdi
stin
ctac
coun
tsof
sacr
amen
tal
theo
logy.
Whe
reas
the
trad
itio
nal
doct
rine
of
the
Mas
san
dtr
ansu
bsta
ntia
tion
tend
edto
coll
apse
the
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
sign
ifie
ran
dsi
gnif
ied
inth
eir
asse
rtio
nof
anoh/e
dif
ied
‘rea
lpr
esen
ce’.
the
litur
gyof
the
Boo
kof
Com
mon
Pra
s’er
reas
sert
sa
muc
hsh
arpe
rdi
stin
ctio
nbe
twee
nth
etw
oin
tune
wit
han
Aug
usti
nian
herm
eneu
tic.
Acc
ordi
ngto
Jew
el’s
crit
ique
oftr
ansu
bsta
ntia
tion
inhi
sA
polo
gia
the
trad
itio
nal
herm
eneu
tic
ofsa
cram
enta
lpr
esen
cefa
ils
todi
stin
guis
hsu
f’fi
cien
tly
betw
een
sign
uman
dri
’s.
Jew
el’s
insi
sten
ceup
ona
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
ali
tera
lan
dfi
gura
tive
inte
rpre
tati
onof
sacr
amen
tal
‘pre
senc
e’is
of
cruc
ial
signif
ican
cefo
rth
efo
rmul
atio
nof
adi
stin
ctly
refo
rmed
ecel
esia
stic
um,
fore
mos
tw
ithre
spec
tto
the
inte
rpre
tatio
nof
the
rela
tion
betw
een
the
empi
rica
l,ph
enom
enal
real
ityof
the
visi
ble
chur
chan
dth
ech
urch
univ
ersa
l.T
hene
whe
rine
neut
ics.
insh
ort,
give
sri
seto
ara
dica
lre
defi
niti
onof
the
mea
ning
ofca
thol
icit
y(a
sw
ell
asof
the
unity
,sa
ncti
ty,
and
apos
toli
city
)of
the
univ
ersa
lch
urch
.T
hehe
rmen
euti
cof
‘pre
senc
e’as
soci
ated
wit
hth
edoct
rine
of
Tra
nsu
bst
anti
atio
n,
onth
eot
her
side
,re
quir
esas
itsec
cles
iolo
gica
lco
roll
ary
ati
ghte
rco
rres
pond
ence
betw
een
t’e
chur
chm
ilit
ant
and
the
chur
chun
iver
sal-
----
betw
een
sign
urn
and
sign
/uc’
atum
n.O
nth
ean
alog
yof
the
conse
crat
edH
ost,
the
chur
chm
ilit
ant
isan
outw
ard
and
phen
omen
al
‘vt.
J.1
()R
RA
N(I
KiR
B’y
The
sens
ible
exce
llen
cie’
ofP
ubiw
Wor
ship
inan
ites
tati
onin
the
visi
ble
wor
ldof
the
invi
sibl
e,un
iver
sal,
and
mys
tical
real
ityof
the
chur
chas
asu
pern
atur
alco
mm
unit
\—
the
sign
repr
escn
tsi
corr
espo
nds!
test
ifie
sto
the
thin
gsi
gnif
ied.
Thi
sde
scri
ptio
n,of
cour
se,
evok
esth
ela
ngua
geem
plo
edb
Iloo
ker
tnhi
she
nnen
euti
cal
prop
osit
ion
atth
eou
tset
ofB
ook
Vof
the
Law
e:“S
igne
sm
ust
rese
mbl
eth
eth
inge
sth
eysi
gnif
ie—
the
mili
tant
Chu
rch
doth
rese
mbl
eby
sens
ible
mea
ns,
asit
mai
ein
such
case
s,th
athi
dden
dign
itie
and
glor
iew
here
wit
hth
ech
urch
triu
mph
ant
inhe
aven
ishew
tifi
ed.”
55
The
litu
rgy
ofth
em
ore
thor
ough
lyre
form
edre
vis
ion
ofth
eP
raye
rB
ook
ofI 5
52sh
ifts
the
focu
sof
‘pre
senc
e’de
cisi
vely
away
from
the
elem
ents
of
the
sacr
amen
tan
dw
esh
ould
bem
indf
ulin
this
rega
rdof
the
crit
ical
guid
ance
Cra
nmer
rece
ived
from
Mar
tin
Buc
eran
dP
eter
Mar
tyr
Ver
mig
liin
this
reis
ion.
Whe
reas
the
forn
nila
ofth
ev’,
ords
ofdi
stri
buti
onin
the
old
Rom
anri
te(r
etai
ned
inth
eve
rnac
ular
inC
ranm
er’s
firs
tve
rsio
nof
the
Pra
yer
Boo
kof
I54Q
)as
sert
san
cte
rnali
sed
real
prc
sence
—”T
ake,
eat;
this
ism
ybo
dyA
ecip
ite
Ct
com
edit
e.ti
nees
tco
rpus
meu
m)”
—th
ere
vise
dw
ords
of
1552
tran
sfer
the
locu
sof
pre
sence
toth
ein
ner,
subje
ctiv
eex
per
ience
of
the
vvor
ship
per
“Tak
ean
dea
tth
isin
rem
embr
ance
that
Chr
ist
died
for
thee
,an
dhed
onhi
min
thy
hea
rtby
fait
h,
wit
hth
anksg
ivin
g.”
59
Conse
quen
tly,
‘pre
senc
e’is
inte
rpre
ted
inth
ere
vise
dli
turg
yas
afi
gura
l’or
‘con
cept
ual’
s’nt
hesi
sof
wor
dan
del
emen
tspe
rfor
med
inth
esu
bjec
tive
foru
mof
the
min
dsof
wor
ship
pers
.an
dth
usin
sepa
rabl
efr
omre
cept
ion
ofth
eho
st.
The
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
sign
and
thin
gsi
gnif
ied
isre
infu
rced
.It
isin
tere
stin
gin
this
conn
ecti
onto
note
that
inth
eB
CP
of15
52.
asw
ell
asin
the
subs
eque
ntre
visi
ons
of15
59an
d16
62,
the
adm
inis
trat
ion
ofth
eco
mm
unio
noc
curs
atpr
ecis
ely
the
stag
ein
the
litur
gyat
whi
chth
eel
evat
ion
of
the
host
had
occu
rred
inth
eol
dM
ass—
i.e.
the
mom
ent
oftr
ansu
bsta
ntia
tion
—th
usse
rvin
gto
unde
rlin
eve
ryvi
vidl
yth
edi
ffer
ence
betw
een
the
two
dive
rgen
tli
turg
ical
acco
unts
of
pres
ence
.an
dhe
nce
betw
een
the
two
herm
eneu
tica
las
sum
ptio
ns.
The
orde
rof
the
litur
gycl
earl
yin
stru
cts
that
the
chas
mbe
twee
nsi
gnan
dth
ing
sign
ifie
dis
nolo
nger
brid
ged
inan
exte
rnal
theu
rgic
alac
t—na
mel
y,th
roug
hth
edc
vat
ion
ofth
eho
st—
but
rath
erin
anin
ner
subj
ecti
veac
tof
rem
embra
nce
and
wors
hip
.A
sT
imoth
yR
ose
ndal
epoin
tsout.
“the
inte
rnal
isat
ion
ofth
isfi
gura
lsa
cram
ent
isth
usa
nece
ssar
ilyin
terp
reta
tive
act;
thou
ghit
take
spl
ace
ina
com
mun
alco
ntex
t,it
ulti
mat
ely
requ
ires
ahi
ghly
indi
vidu
alm
ode
ofun
ders
tand
ing
the
elem
ents
asm
etap
hors
who
seef
fect
uali
tyis
depe
nden
ton
fait
hful
pers
onal
read
ing.
”’°
Car
eful
stud
ents
ofth
ehi
stor
yof
the
Boo
kof
Com
mon
Pro
ver
wil
lno
doub
tbe
awar
eth
atth
eE
liza
beth
anre
vis
ion
of
1559
alte
red
the
stri
ctly
Zvv
ingl
ian
mem
ori
alis
tw
ord
sof
adm
inis
trat
ion
of15
52by
com
bini
ngth
ew
ords
“Tht
sis
my
body
with
“1)o
this
inre
mem
bran
ceof
me.
”R
athe
rth
anta
keth
eus
ual
line
that
this
mov
ere
pres
ents
avi
am
edia
mud
dle,
Ros
enda
lepo
rtra
ysth
e15
59re
visi
onas
even
mor
era
dica
lth
anit
s15
52pr
edec
esso
r.W
hile
itis
cert
ainl
yth
eca
seth
atas
sert
ion
ofth
e‘f
igur
alse
nse”
ofth
eE
ucha
rist
,an
dhe
nce
ofth
edi
stin
ctio
nbe
twee
nsi
gnif
ier
and
sign
ifie
d,is
ake
yco
ncer
nof
the
Pro
test
ant
refo
rmer
san
dth
uson
em
ight
wel
lbe
tem
pted
tore
gard
the
stri
ctm
emor
talt
smof
1552
asse
ttin
gth
ebe
nchm
ark
ofth
ehi
ghre
form
edpo
siti
onin
his
dtst
inct
ive
and
high
lyor
igin
alre
adin
g,R
osen
dale
argu
esth
at15
59em
phas
ises
even
mor
est
rong
lyth
eim
port
ance
ofth
ero
leof
the
indi
vidu
alsu
bjec
tin
inte
rpre
ting
the
mea
ning
ofth
esa
cram
ent!
”By
diff
usin
gth
ecl
arit
yof
I 552
,th
eE
liza
beth
anco
mpr
omis
eon
the
wor
dsof
adm
inis
trat
ion
serv
esto
exte
ndev
enfu
rthe
rth
ela
titu
deof
the
wor
ship
per’
she
rmen
euti
cal
resp
onsi
bili
ty.
The
herm
eneu
tic
isal
l!
The
ques
tion
,th
eref
ore.
wou
ldse
emto
boil
dow
nto
som
ethi
nglik
eth
is:
isH
ooke
r’s
clai
mth
at‘s
igne
sm
ust
rese
mbl
eth
eth
inge
sth
eysi
gnif
iefu
ndam
enta
lly
atod
dsw
ithJe
wel
’sun
ambi
guou
sly
refo
rmed
asse
rtio
nth
at‘f
irst
we
mus
tpu
ta
diff
eren
cebe
twee
nth
esi
gnan
dth
eth
ing
sigi
ifie
d’.
As
has
been
ampl
yte
stif
ied,
the
refo
rmed
asse
rtio
nof
the
real
abse
nce
of(l
iris
t’s
body
and
bloo
dfr
omth
eel
emen
tsof
the
Euc
hari
stw
asat
tend
edby
the
‘str
ippi
ngof
the
alta
rs’
with
all
that
impl
ies
inth
eal
teia
tion
ofar
chit
ectu
re,
orna
men
ts,
litu
rg.
and
mus
ic.
Cer
tain
lyth
ere
wer
em
any
crit
ics
ofth
eE
liza
beth
anSe
ttlem
ent
who
urge
d‘f
urth
erre
form
atio
n’,
part
icul
arly
ofth
elit
urgy
itsel
Lin
orde
rto
achi
eve
wha
tth
eyre
gard
edas
the
logi
cal
and
nece
ssar
yco
nseq
uenc
eof
mak
ing
acl
ear
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
sign
and
thin
g.T
hus
whe
nT
hom
asC
artv
vrig
htm
aint
ains
that
Com
mon
reas
onal
sodo
thte
ach
that
cont
rari
esar
ecu
red
byth
eir
cont
rary
es:
now
Chr
isti
anit
iean
dA
ntic
hris
tian
itie
the
gosp
ell
and
pope
rybe
cont
rari
es,
ther
efbr
ean
tich
rist
iani
tie
mus
the
cure
dno
tby
itse
lfe/
but
byth
atw
hich
is(a
sm
uch
asm
aybe
)co
ntra
ryun
toit
:So
that
am
edle
dan
dm
ingl
edes
tate
ofth
eor
der
of
the
gosp
ell
&th
ece
rem
onie
sof
pope
ry!
isno
tth
ebe
stw
ayto
bani
shpo
pcry
.”
VsJ.
I()R
R\“
.ckIR
il’i
The
sens
ible
exce
llen
cie
ofP
ubli
c14
’ors
hip
hepr
esen
tsth
equ
esti
onof
the
refo
rmof
the
Engli
shch
urc
hin
term
sw
ith
apoea
lpt
ico
erto
nes.
The
refe
renc
eto
Ant
i—ch
rist
iani
tie’
pres
uppo
ses
anin
com
men
sura
bili
tyof
the
trad
itio
nal
cere
mon
ial
wit
hR
efor
med
evan
geli
cal
prin
cipl
eson
lyw
ith
thus
impl
ying
ahe
rmen
euti
cof
inco
mm
ensu
rabi
lity
betw
een
sign
and
thin
gsi
gnit
ied.
To
min
gle
the
‘ord
erof
the
gosp
el!’
with
the
‘cer
emon
ies
ofpo
per\
‘is
herm
encu
tica
lco
nfus
ion.
Car
twri
ght
bese
eche
sth
eQ
ueen
and
her
Cou
ncil
“to
dcli’
ser
this
real
mfr
omth
eho
tfu
rnac
ean
dir
onyo
keof
the
popi
shl.
gpt
.to
proc
ure
also
that
the
corr
upti
ons
whi
chw
eha
vebr
ough
tfr
omth
em(a
sth
ose
wit
hw
hich
we
bein
gso
deep
lydy
edan
dst
aine
dha
veno
tso
easi
lysh
aken
oft’)
may
bere
moed
from
amon
gst
us,
toth
een
dth
atw
e,be
ing
near
lier
both
join
edun
toth
esi
ncer
ity
ofth
ego
spel
,an
dth
epo
licy
of
othe
rre
form
edeh
urch
ts.
may
ther
eby
bejo
ined
near
erw
ithth
eL
ord.
”’3
Thr
ough
out
the
argu
men
tof
’ the
Law
esH
ooke
rse
eks
atev
ery
turn
tode
fuse
this
apoca
lpti
cap
proa
chby
mea
nsof
the
subt
ledi
alec
tica
lpr
opos
alth
atit
ispo
ssib
leto
adhe
reto
acl
ear
dist
inct
ion
ofsi
gnan
dth
ing
sign
ifie
dan
d,at
the
sam
eti
me,
toal
low
for
the
poss
ibil
itof
the
corr
esponden
ceor
repr
esen
tati
onof
the
sign
ifie
db
the
sign.°
Hoo
ker’
sar
gum
ent
for
brid
ging
the
gap
betw
een
thes
etw
oap
pare
ntly
cont
rary
herm
eneu
tica
lpr
esup
posi
tions
—i.e
.be
twee
nth
era
dica
ldi
stin
ctio
nof
sign
and
sign
ifie
d,on
the
one
hand
,an
dth
epo
ssib
ilit
yof
repr
esen
tati
onal
rese
mbl
ance
of
the
sign
ifie
din
the
sign
,on
the
othe
r—is
grou
nded
inan
appe
alto
two
theo
logi
cal
sour
ces,
one
Ref
orm
edan
dth
eoth
erP
atri
stic
.T
hefo
rmer
isar
ticu
late
dby
Hoo
ker’
sem
brac
eof
the
inst
rum
enta
lre
alis
mfo
und
inth
esa
cram
enta
lth
eolo
gyof
Calv
in.
1’5K
einr
ich
Bul
ling
er.”
and
Pete
rM
arty
rV
erm
igli
[su
ccin
ctly
sum
mar
ised
inth
efo
rmul
aof
the
(‘onsc
ns
usT
iguri
nus
of
I549;5
8th
ela
tter
isco
nta
ined
inth
eC
halc
edon
ian
(‘hr
isto
logi
cal
defi
niti
onw
hich
cons
titu
tes
the
centr
alto
wer
’ar
ound
whi
chth
ear
gunl
ent
of
the
fift
hho
okof
the
Law
es’—
and
argu
ably
the
enti
recd
i lic
eof
all
eigh
tbo
oks—
-—is
const
ruct
ed.
1”1ho
oker
’spre
lim
inar
disc
ussi
onof
the
sacr
amen
tslin
ksth
eir
defi
niti
onw
ith
the
ques
tion
conce
rnin
gth
enat
ure
of
sign
sby
noti
ngth
atth
ew
ord
‘sac
ram
ent’
isor
dina
rily
conf
ined
tow
hat
heca
lls
‘som
efe
wpr
inci
pal
Div
ine
cere
mon
ies’
,In
such
cere
mon
ies
ther
eis
“the
subs
tanc
eof
’ the
eere
mon
ieit
self
whi
chis
‘sis
ihle
:an
d,be
side
sth
at.
som
ewha
tel
sem
ore
secr
et,
inre
fere
nce
whe
reun
tov.
eco
nce
ise
that
cere
mon
yto
hea
Sac
ram
ent,
”7°
Hoo
ker
then
rehe
arse
sA
ugus
tine
’str
adit
iona
lde
fini
tion
:
Whe
nS
acra
men
tsar
esa
idto
beV
isib
leS
igns
ofIn
sis
ible
Gra
ce,
seth
ereb
yco
ncei
veho
wG
race
isin
deed
the
very
end
for
whi
chth
ese
Hea
ven
lyM
yst
erie
sw
ere
inst
itute
d;
and
bes
ides
sund
ryoth
erP
rope
rtie
sob
serv
edin
them
,th
em
atte
rw
here
ofth
eyco
nsis
t,is
such
assi
gnif
ieth
,ti
gure
th,
and
repr
esen
teth
thei
rE
nd.
7
Thi
sm
uch
was
not
indi
sput
e.T
hecr
ucia
lqu
esti
onco
ncer
nsth
epr
ecis
ere
latio
nbe
twee
nth
esi
gnan
dth
eth
ing
sign
ifie
d.Il
ooke
rw
ades
furt
her
into
the
ques
tion
whe
nhe
asse
rts
late
ron
that
sacr
amen
tsse
rve
asth
e‘m
oral
inst
rum
ents
’of
God
:
whe
reth
eS
igns
and
Sac
ram
ents
ofhi
sG
race
.ar
eno
tei
ther
thro
ugh
cont
empt
unre
ceiv
ed,
orre
ceiv
edw
ith
cont
empt
.w
ear
eno
tto
doub
t,bu
tth
atth
eyre
ally
gice
wha
ttli
et’p
rom
ise.
aiiI
are
nba!
thci
sigi
i1Ic
.Fo
rw
eta
keno
tB
apti
sm,
nor
the
Euc
hari
st,
for
bare
rese
mbl
ance
sor
mem
oria
lsof
thin
gsab
sent
,ne
ithe
rfo
rna
ked
sign
san
dte
stim
onie
sas
suri
ngus
ofG
race
rece
ised
befo
re,
but
(as
they
are
inde
edan
din
ver
ity)
for
mea
nsef
fect
ual
,w
her
eby
God,
when
we
take
the
Sac
ram
ents
,de
live
reth
into
our
hand
sth
atG
race
avai
labl
eun
toIt
erna
lL
ife,
whi
chG
race
the
Sac
ram
ents
repr
esen
tor
signil
ie.
72
As
‘mor
alin
stru
men
ts’
the
sign
sef
fect
wha
tth
eysi
gnif
y.In
this
Hoo
ker
isde
mon
stra
bly
inag
reem
ent
wit
hth
eC
onse
nsu
sT
iguri
nus,
the
agre
emen
tre
ache
dby
Cal
vin
and
Gui
llau
me
Fare
lw
ithth
eC
hurc
hof
Zur
ich
in15
49.
Acc
ordi
ngto
the
form
ulat
ion
ofth
eC
onsensus,
Wha
tth
esa
cram
ents
truly
Jigure
,th
el.
ord
truly
Oil
ers
Mor
eove
r,w
hile
the
test
imon
ies
and
seal
sof
his
grac
ew
hich
God
has
give
nus
are
true
,w
itho
utan
ydo
ubt
hetr
uly
offe
rsin
war
dly
byhi
sS
piri
tth
atw
hich
the
sacr
amen
tsfi
gure
toou
rey
esan
dot
her
sens
es.
(Sig
nsan
dth
ings
signif
ied
are
dis
tinct
.9j
Ilen
ceal
thou
ghw
edi
stin
guis
hbe
twee
nth
esi
gns
and
the
thin
gssi
gnif
ied,
asis
righ
tan
dpr
oper
,ye
tw
edo
not
sepa
rate
the
trut
hfr
omth
esi
gns;
but
rath
erw
eco
nfes
sth
atal
lw
hoby
fait
hem
brac
eth
epr
omis
esth
ere
off
ered
rece
ive
Chr
ist
spir
itual
lyto
geth
erw
ith
his
spir
itual
gift
s,an
das
long
asth
eyha
vebe
enm
ade
part
aker
sof
Chr
ist,
cont
inue
and
rene
wth
atfe
llow
ship
.73
Her
ein
the
Zur
ich
Agr
eem
ent
we
find
the
crux
ofth
em
atte
r.T
hesi
gns
and
the
thin
gssi
gnif
ied
are
dist
inct
:ye
t,th
etr
uth
ofth
esi
enis
not
sepa
rate
d
5k.
J.IO
RR
-\S
d.i
-K
1RB
ST
hese
nsi
ble
exce
llei
icic
ofP
ubli
cH
ors
/up
from
the
sig
n.
Th
isis
the
ftrc
eof
Ilo
ok
er’s
lang
uage
of
‘in
stru
men
tali
ty’
74
—al
though
the
signs
are
not
inan
wa
tohe
confu
sed
wit
hth
esi
gn
ifie
d,
none
thel
ess
the
form
erco
ntin
ueto
beco
nnec
ted
toth
ela
tter
insu
cha
man
ner
that
enab
les
the
off
erin
gan
dre
ceiv
ing
ofth
egi
ftsi
gnif
ied
thro
ug
hth
em
eans
of
the
sign
.T
hu
sfo
rIl
ooker
,
[he
real
lpre
sence
of
(‘hri
stes
most
ble
ssed
body
and
blo
od,
isn
ot
ther
eibre
tohe
sou
gh
tfo
rin
the
[ex
tern
al]
sacr
amen
t,bu
tin
the
ssort
hie
rece
iser
of
the
sacr
amen
t....A
sfo
rth
esa
cram
ente
s,th
e’
real
lie
exh
ibit
,bu
tfo
rought
wee
can
gat
her
out
ofth
atw
hic
his
wri
tten
of
them
they
are
not
real
lie
nor
dore
alli
eco
nte
ine
inth
emse
lves
,th
atgra
ce.s
hich
isit
hth
emor
byth
emit
ple
aset
hG
od
tobest
ow
e.
75
Rea
lpre
sence
,th
eref
ore
,in
the
sacr
amen
tspre
suppose
sth
efa
ithfu
lw
ors
hip
per
who
isab
leto
inte
rpre
tth
eun
ity
of
the
thre
eth
ings
that
‘mak
eth
esu
bst
ance
otth
esa
cram
ent’
,nam
el
the
gift
off
ered
,th
atis
the
thin
gsi
gnif
ied:
the
elem
ents
whic
hd
epic
tth
egil
t,th
atth
esi
gn
s:an
dth
ew
ord
of
scri
ptu
rew
hic
har
ticu
late
sth
eli
nkbet
wee
nth
etw
o,
76
Th
us
vie
wed
,sa
cram
ents
bec
om
enecess
ari
ld\
nam
ices
ents
wher
eth
ein
stru
men
tali
tyof
sig
ns
work
sth
rou
gh
the
act
of
inte
rpre
tati
on
onth
epar
tof
the
rece
iver
.“W
her
eupon”,
Hooker
c()t
cludes
.,’t
her
een
suet
ha
kin
de
of
Tra
nsu
bst
anti
atio
nin
us,
atr
ue
chan
ge,
both
ofS
oul
and
Bod
y,an
alte
rati
on
from
dea
thto
life
.”77
Th
isre
def
init
ion
of
pre
sen
ceca
uti
ousl
sas
oid
sth
eex
trem
eso
fei
ther
separ
atin
gor
con
fusi
ng
sign
and
signif
ied.
NO
TE
S
*I h
ispa
per
isas
pres
ente
dat
am
eeti
ngof
the
Soci
ety
lbr
Rel
iinn
atio
nSt
udie
she
ldin
Cam
brid
ge.
.\pr
il20
09.
0/
the
Ian
ci
ofE
ci’l
esia
stie
a/l
Pol
itic
,in
[he
Folg
erL
ibra
ri’
Edi
tion
ofth
eW
ork,
sof
Rid
iard
Llo
oAer
.so
l.2.
ed.
W.
Spe
edH
ill(L
ondo
nan
dC
ambr
idge
.M
ass.
:B
elkn
apP
ress
ofli
ars
ard
I‘ni
sers
nP
ress
.19
931.
V.3
8.1—
3;2:
151.
3—15
4.4.
Cite
dhe
reaf
ter
asL
aocs
,al
lre
fere
nces
pro’
.ide
book
,ch
apte
r,an
dse
ctio
nnu
mbe
rsfts
ulow
edby
volu
me,
page
.an
dlin
enu
mbe
rsin
the
I nig
ered
itio
n(E
LE
).2.
Lan
esV
.38
.2:2
:15
212
213.
I he
pam
phle
tis
asori
gin
all
publ
ishe
dto
geth
eris
ithI’
hom
asW
ilcox
’s,4
n,d
dmon
itio
nto
the
Par
lia;
ncnt
IIle
mel
ilem
pste
ad’?
:J.
Str
oud?
.15
721
and
isre
prin
ted
inW
.H.
Frer
e
and
CL
.D
ougl
as,
eds.
,P
uri
tan
ifla
ni/e
stoe
s:a
stu
tho
fth
eo
rig
inof
the
Pur
itan
rei
oil
(Lon
don:
SP
CK
for
the
Chu
rch
hist
oric
alS
ocie
ty,
l954
j,20
-37
.4.
Law
es
IV.ti
tle;
1:27
1.4—
7.5.
Avi
ewofp
opis
heab
uses
,ed
.F
rere
and
Dou
glas
,29
.F
ield
pres
ente
da
lull
list
of
abus
esto
Par
liam
ent
on8
Dec
embe
r15
83.
Sec
PR
O.
SP12
164,
II,
loIs
.25
26.
111’
6(2)
:692
.C
.M.
Den
t.P
rote
stan
tR
efor
mer
sin
Eli
zabe
than
Oxf
twd
(Oxf
ord:
Oxf
ord
Uni
sers
ity
Pres
s,19
83),
44—
15.
6.A
rep/
yeto
anan
svv
ere
ituad
eof
MD
octo
rV
Vhi
tgte
:A
gain
stth
ead
ino
ttil
ion
toth
e
Par
liam
ent,
hT
.C.
IHem
elH
emps
tead
’?:
John
Stro
ud?,
1573
1,13
1.7.
Rob
ert
Bro
ssne
,A
true
and
short
decla
rati
on
both
o/t
he
gat
her
ing
and
min
ing
toge
ther
ofce
rtU
uiie
pers
ons,
J,i
t/al
soof
die
lum
entu
hie
bre
ach
wic
/dn
’isi
oii
iiIn
c/i
f,’ll
amon
gst
them
[Net
herl
ands
?:sn
.,15
83?]
,si
g.B
3”.
8.Lu
we.
sV
.38.
1;2:
151.
510
.9.
Boe
thiu
s.D
cin
stit
utio
nem
u.si
eali
bre
quin
que
f’un
da,n
e,it
al.s
ol,n
u.si
e,tr
ansl
ated
by
Cal
vin
M.
Bow
er.
ed.
Cla
ude
V.
Palis
ca(N
ewH
aven
:Y
ale
Uni
’.er
sit\
Pres
s.19
89).
9.
See
Gab
riel
aIl
nitc
h.‘M
usic
tini
unda
na.
Ari
stot
elia
nN
atur
alPh
iloso
phy,
and
Pto
lcm
aic
Ast
rono
my’
.E
ar/i
’M
usic
Hi.s
tori
’:S
tudi
esin
Med
ieva
lan
dE
arlj
Mod
ern
Mus
ic21
(200
2).
37.
10.
Low
e.”
V.3
8.1:
2:15
1.14
—24
.II
.L
anes
V.3
8.1;
2:15
1.6—
7.12
.R
epub
lic
424b
-425
a.13
.R
epub
lic
335e
.14
.L
anes
V.3
8.1;
2:15
1.4—
12.
IS.
Will
iam
Sha
kesp
eare
,.“
ilere
liant
of
Ven
ice,
5.1.
54—
65.
16.
[And
rew
Wil
let?
J,A
Ch
rist
ian
Let
ter
ofce
rtai
ne
Eng
lish
Pro
test
ante
s,uiJ
ajne
d
/iiv
oure
rsof’
the
pres
ent
sla
teof
relig
ion,
auth
oriz
edan
dpr
ofes
sed
inE
ngla
nd:
unto
that
Rev
eren
dan
dL
earn
edm
anM
r.R
.H
oo[k
er]
requir
ing
re.s
oluu
onin
eert
avli
em
atte
r.’t
doct
rine
twhi
chsc
enic
toov
erth
roii
’eth
ejo
unda
tunu
o/C
hris
tian
Rel
igio
n,an
dof
the
Chu
rch
amo
ng
us)
exp
resl
ieco
nta
ined
inhi
sfI
vebo
okes
ofL
ceie
sias
twal
lP
olie
ue
(Mid
delb
urg:
R.
Sch
ilde
rs,
1599
)IS
TC
1372
11w
asth
eon
lyat
tack
onth
eI
asse
s
publ
ishe
din
Flo
oker
’sli
feti
me.
the
com
plet
ete
xt,
toge
ther
wit
hho
oker
’sm
argi
nal
anno
tati
ons,
isre
prin
ted
inFL
Evo
l.4,
ed.
John
Boo
ty(1
982)
.pp
179
[cit
edhe
rcai
ter
AC
E].
See
FLE
4:76
.24
77.1
1.17
.L
uw
es
V.3
8.3:
2:15
3.7—
14.
Rab
anus
Mau
rus,
Dc
cie
ricoru
miu
stit
uti
On
ct
cere
monii
sE
ccle
.sia
e...
libri
iii
(Col
ogne
:Jo
hann
Pra
el,
1532
),.o
l.2:
38.
p.12
9.P1
.
107:
362.
See
FL
E6(
2):7
00.
IS.
Lan
esV
.38.
3;2:
153.
17—
154.
4.B
asil,
Ilom
ilia
inP.
salm
urn
Prum
um,
inA
zuiz
ato
ton
/it:y
o.O
i5K
a.&
onpci
’am
Bao
sAci
ov(B
asel
:11
1.F
robe
nan
dN
.F
pisc
opiu
sj,
1551
),55
:PC
i
29:2
12—
13.
See
FEE
6(2)
:700
.19
.Se
eJo
hnB
ooty
’s‘I
ntro
duct
ion
toB
ook
V’
inT
heF
olg
erL
ibra
ryE
dino
na/t
he
Wor
kso
fRic
hu
rdH
ooke
r,vo
l.6(
1),
gen.
ed.
W.
Spe
edlu
ll(l
on
do
nan
d(.
‘ain
hrid
ge,
Mas
s.:
Bel
knap
Pre
ssof
Har
vard
Uni
vers
ity
Pres
s,19
93),
183
231.
Sec
also
torr
ance
Kir
by,
‘Ang
els
desc
endi
ngan
das
cend
ing:
Ric
hard
Hoo
ker’
sdi
scou
rse
onth
e‘d
oubl
e
mot
ion’
of
Com
mon
Pray
Cr,’
inR
ichar
dH
oo
ker
and
the
Eng
lish
Ref
orm
atio
n.
ed.
Tor
ranc
eK
irby
(t,o
ndon
and
Dor
drec
ht:
Klu
v.er
,20
03),
Ill
130.
20.
0/t
he
Luw
esof
Ecc
lesi
asti
call
Pol
itic
,vo
l.2
of
the
l’ol
ger
edit
ion,
cite
dhe
reaf
ter
ast
.,.,
..
—.
all.,.
It
_..
....,..,..,
I
W,.
J.IO
RR
AN
(’I
KIR
BY
The
sensi
ble
exce
llen
cie
of
Publi
cW
ors
hip
nu
mber
sin
the
Ini
ger
edit
ion
(II.
1).
V.6
.2;
2:33
.26—
34.6
(em
phas
isad
ded)
.2
IL
anc,s
.6.1
:2:
32.2
422
.‘L
ssii
jmn
;ii
/;‘Ii
01pm
nh..
Ii(*
:in
i,,,.ir
oi1i’
dni
(Rom
e:D
emet
rius
Dou
kas,
(526
).si
g.M
2:
PG98
:384
.Se
eL
anes
V.6
.2;
2:34
1’:
see
also
EL
E6(
2):6
59,
23l)
clcc
iaii
oD
o,n
ini
inL
ccIc
,aes
!,L
ccle
,sia
s’er
oes
tim
ago
co.?
Icst
ium
.D
cui
icrp
cilo
tion
cD
avid
;in
Ope
raO
mni
a(B
asIc
:E
useb
ius
Epi
scop
ius,
1567
),vo
l.4,
410:
P1.
14:8
1324
.‘I
’aci
tin
terr
a.op
era
cie’
loru
m.
Epi
stle
0:16
.in
Luc
ubra
tion
es(B
asIc
:F
lein
rich
Pet
ri.
1542
).20
5;P1
58:5
60.
25.
l,ai
iss
V.6
.2;
2:33
.36.
26.
Car
tvs
righ
t.I
cin
anan
,svv
erc.
131.
See
IVW
2:43
8.2’
.Se
e\k
alte
rIr
aver
s,L
ee/e
s/as
iiet
ctl
rsei
ithn
te,
ci,4
ngli
cana
’ee
c/cs
/a’
ohah
erra
tion
is.
p/ci
iai’
vcrh
oik
’i,
&di
liic
ula
cspl
wiu
io(R
upel
la:
Ada
mde
Mon
te.
1574
)fo
l.12
r’F
ora
cont
empo
rars
Eng
lish
tran
slat
ion
olI r
aver
s’s
trea
tise
byT
hom
asC
artv
sri
ght,
see
.4/n
ilan
dp/
Lon
ede
clar
atio
noJ
cccl
c,sz
asnc
all
disc
ipli
neow
tn//
the
wor
dof
fG
od.
aial
v/f
the
dce
/nii
ngc
oIl
the
ehurc
he
oil
Engla
nd
from
the
sam
e[1
Ieid
elbe
rg:
Mic
hael
Sch
irat
.15
”4j.
ISIn
.28
.L
anes
lV3.
1.(:
280.
616
20.
See
Hoo
ker’
spe
rora
tion
tola
nes
IV.I
4.7;
I:34
3.8—
344.
32.
esp.
344.
6.30
./
asse
sIV
. (3;
1.27
4.15
27.
31.
Sec
Issr
ranc
eK
irby
,R
ichar
di/
tinker
,R
efor
mer
and
Pia
ton
/.st
(Ald
ersh
ot.
IlK
:A
shga
te,
2(0)
5.2)
44.
32.
/an
esl’s
1.3:
1:27
5.21
24.e
.P
seud
o-I)
iony
sins
the
Are
opag
ite,
Dc
Ecc
lesi
asti
caH
icra
rehia
2.3.
2;O
per
a(P
aris
:(j
uil
laum
eM
orel
.15
62),
p.12
1;PG
3:39
7.S
eeth
etr
ansl
atio
nol
tins
pass
age
inPs
eudo
—D
,oni
ncs:
the
Com
plet
e(F
orks
(Cla
ssic
sof
Wes
tern
Spi
ritu
alit
s),
tran
slat
edb
(‘ol
ml.
uibh
eid
and
Paul
Ror
em(M
ahw
ah,
NJ:
Pau
list
Pre
ss,
1087
>.2(
15:
“Sac
red
srn
bols
arc
actu
ally
the
perc
epti
ble
toke
nso
fth
eco
ncep
tual
thin
gs.
Ihey
shov
sth
evs
ayto
them
and
lead
toth
em,
and
the
conc
eptu
alth
ings
are
the
sour
cean
dth
eun
ders
tand
ing
unde
rls
ing
the
perc
epti
ble
man
ilès
tati
ons
ofhi
erar
chy
33.
Sec
1)an
icl
I.1
ochm
an,
‘Dis’
u,s
D/o
n(si
ns:
auth
orit
y,se
lf,
and
soci
ety
inJo
hnC
olet
’sre
adin
goi
the
Eee
/c,n
a.si
ical
Ilie
rare
hi
,‘
Journ
alo/t
he
His
tort
ofId
eas
68.1
(200
7),
1—34
.O
nH
ooke
r’s
e\t
cnsiv
eus
eof
the
conc
ept
of
the
‘/e.v
div/
n/ta
iLs’
,se
el’
orra
nce
Kir
by.
‘Gra
cean
dIl
iera
rchy
,‘
Ric
hard
hooker
and
the
Ent
tlis
/iR
efor
mat
ion,
25—
40.
34.
1or
Aqu
tnis
’sfo
rmul
atio
nof
the
1e,
dir
/n/t
at/s
see
Sia
mna
The
olog
iae
ha
llae
q.17
2ar
t.2:
‘As
the
Apo
stle
says
IRom
.13
.1>,
Thin
g.s
that
arc
0/
God
are
wel
l—or
dere
d.N
osy
the
Div
ne
orde
ting
(lex
div/
n/ta
t/sI
acco
rdin
gto
Dio
nysi
us(L
cd,
H/e
r,V
),is
such
that
the
lovv
est
thin
gsar
edir
ecte
dby
mid
dle
thin
gs.
Now
ange
lsho
lda
mid
dle
posi
tion
hets
scen
God
and
men
,in
that
they
have
agr
eate
rsh
are
inth
epe
rfec
tion
ofth
eD
ivin
egoodnes
sth
anm
enha
ve.
Wher
ethre
the
div
ine
enli
ghte
nm
ents
and
rev
elat
ion
sar
eco
nsey
edfr
omG
odto
men
hth
ean
gels
.’S
eeal
soD
eny
s‘l
’urn
er.
‘(lo
wto
read
pseu
do—
Den
ys
toda
y’?’
inte
rnat
ional
Journ
alof
.S(’
s!e,
natz
c7h
colo
gi’
7.4
(200
5):
428—
440.
35.
Lan
c.s.
Vll
l.S
uppl
cmcn
t11
;3:
403.
33494.1
3;
see
also
EL
E6(
2):
1080
—81
.36
.A
ulng
,’ap
/i‘t
otes
(Sup
plem
ent
II),
3:49
4.37
.‘S
ensi
ble
thin
gs’
and
‘hie
rarc
hie
s’ar
cbo
thtr
ansl
ated
‘Sac
ram
ento
’in
the
Lat
ined
itio
nof
the
Lt’
eles
ia.s
tiea
lH
iera
rchi
es.
Sec
Com
m.
on1:
275.
2l—
24e
inF
LE
6(1
):60
238
.L
anes
\.6
.2;
2:33
,21)
34.6
(em
phas
isad
ded)
.39
Las
ses
1.16
.4;
1:13
7.13
30.
40.
Lan
es1.
16.4
;1:
137.
28—
30.
41.
Law
e,s
V.2
9.5;
2:12
7.12
14.
42.
The
Col
lect
appo
inte
din
the
Boo
kof
L’om
nnio
nP
rove
rto
here
adon
29S
epte
mbe
r.43
.L
awes
V.2
5.2;
2:11
4.13
—21
.Se
e(e
isa!
U.
Moh
atne
d,“R
enai
ssan
ceIh
ough
ton
the
Cel
esti
alH
iera
rchy
’.th
ede
clin
eo
fa
tradit
ion’?
,”Jo
urn
alo/
the
flt.
sior
v0/I
dea
sn5
.4(2
004)
,57
0—57
2.44
.La
we.
sV
.39.
1;2:
154.
5-7.
45.
Lan
esV
.39.
4;2:
158.
16—
20.
46.
Car
tvvr
ight
,R
eplv
e,20
3.47
.A
CL
4:23
.10-
24.8
:4:6
5.1.
48.
J.F1.
Nes
yman
,T
heV
iaM
edia
v/t
he
Ang
lica
nC
hurc
h(O
xtor
d:()
xthr
dI
nive
rsit
yP
ress
,19
90),
espe
cial
lych
apte
r2;
see
John
Keb
le’s
‘Int
rodu
ctio
n’to
his
edit
ion
olth
eW
orks
of
Ric
hard
Hoo
ker,
rev.
Fra
ncis
Pag
et(O
xfor
d:O
xior
dU
nive
rsit
yPr
ess,
1888
);W
illi
amP.
llau
gaar
d.‘P
relu
de:
Hoo
ker
afte
r40
0Y
ears
.’A
ngli
can
The
olog
ical
Rcs
men
84.4
(Fal
l20
02):
873
880;
ll.C
.P
orte
r,‘H
ooke
r,th
eIu
dor
(‘om
sstm
tutio
n,an
dth
eit
om
edia
,’in
Stu
dies
inR
icha
rdH
ooke
r:e,
s.sai
.spr
el/m
inur
sto
aned
itio
nof
In.s
nor
ks,
ed.
W.
Spe
edlu
ll(C
leve
land
:C
ase
Wes
tern
Uni
vers
ity
Pre
ss,
1172
),p.
103;
‘Ric
hard
hook
er:
Pro
phet
of
Ang
lica
nism
orE
ngli
shM
agis
teri
alR
elor
mne
r.’.I
ngli
ctui
iheo
logi
col
Rev
iew
84.4
(FaI
l20
02):
943—
960.
49.
Dia
rmai
dM
acC
ullo
ch,
The
Lat
erR
e/d
rmat
ion
inE
ngla
nd.
/47
1603
.2a
ed.
(Nes
sY
ork:
Pal
gras
ePr
ess,
2000
),29
.50
.S
ee,
e.g.
,P
eter
Lak
e,“B
usin
ess
asU
sual
’?‘I
heIm
med
iate
Rec
epti
on01
1loo
ker’
sE
ccle
sias
tica
lP
olit
y.”
Journ
alof
Ecc
le,s
iasl
ical
lEsi
on’
52.3
(Jul
y2(
1(11
):45
648
6.51
.F
LE
6(I)
:6—
7.52
.“jo
conc
lude
,th
ree
thin
gshe
rein
[i.e
.co
ncer
ning
the
sacr
amen
tiw
em
ust
cons
ider
:fi
rst,
that
sve
put
adif
lrence
bets
seen
the
sign
and
the
thin
gas
cII
that
issi
gnif
ied.
Sec
ondl
y,th
atys
ese
ekC
hris
tab
ove
inhe
aven
,an
dim
agin
eno
t11
mmto
bepr
esen
tbo
dily
upon
the
eart
h.T
hird
ly,
that
the
body
of
Chr
ist
isto
beea
ten
byfa
ith
only
,an
dno
neot
her
vsis
e.”
John
Jess
el,
‘l’lie
Lop
/cof
aserm
on
pron
ounc
edh
r1/
ic’
Bis
hop
of.S
’ali,
shur
ieat
Pan
/es
Cro
sse
the
seco
ndS
onda
yebe
fore
Est
eren
the
i’er
eof
our
l,or
d(L
ondo
n.Jo
hnD
ay,
1560
).Q
uote
dJe
wel
’sW
orks
.1:
448.
53.
Jew
elqu
otes
Dc
c/o
ar/n
aC
hist
iaci
a2.
1.1
:‘A
sign
isa
thin
gth
at,
besi
dcs
the
sigh
tit
self
vshi
chit
otfe
reth
unto
the
sens
es,
caus
eth
ofit
self
soni
cot
her
cert
ain
thin
g10
coni
cin
tokn
ovv
ledg
e.’
Inap
ply
ing
this
herm
eneu
lic
toth
ein
terp
reta
tion
of
sacr
amen
tal
pres
ence
,Je
wel
invo
kes
Au
gu
stin
e’s
trea
tmen
to
fth
e‘.
sur.
sum
eord
a‘(‘
Lif
tup
your
hear
ts’)
asth
ear
chet
ype
of
the
dist
inct
ion
hets
seen
sign
san
dth
ings
;th
ehe
art
of
the
ssor
ship
per
mus
tas
cend
toth
ehe
aven
lypl
aces
ifit
isto
appr
ehen
dth
edi
vin
cpr
esen
cein
the
sacr
amen
t,54
.Je
svel
.A
polo
gs’,
64.
55.
Jesm
’el’.
s’(F
orks
.1.
453,
759;
11.1
122
qu.
Au
gu
stin
e.
Con
tra
Max
tmo,
ian.
111.
22.
56.
Jen’
el’,s
Wor
ks1.
477.
57.
The
refe
renc
eis
toA
ugus
tine
’spr
oto-
Cha
lccd
unia
nlu
rmul
atis
nin
Dc
l’e,’h
.L)
om.
inE
vang
Sec.
,Joh
on,,
lviii
.Se
eJe
mm’el
‘sIV
’ork
.s,1.
462.
58.
Lan
esV
.6.2
;2:
33.2
6.59
.F
ora
full
and
mos
tin
tere
stin
gdi
scus
sion
of
Cra
nmnc
r’s
doctr
ine
of
pres
ence
.se
cT
imo
thy
Rose
ndal
e,L
iturg
yan
dL
iter
ature
inth
eM
akin
gof
Pro
test
ant
Log/a
nd
I(”,n
,kr,i
,,.”
(.,i,
,-,a
.,,.
ml,,
;.,,,
...a.
,n,
......
.‘)t
mo’
ss
.1.It
)RR
.-’i
\(i
kIR
It’i
60R
o.m
diI
C,Itiiiii
UIk
IL
iler
UtU
re’,
96,
6I
Ros
enda
Ic,
IIt
t;re
;m
idI
iit’
riit
ule
,I0
)I 0
2.62
.C
art’
aig
lit.
IR
ep/i
c.I3
163
.(‘
arts
’,ti
gh
t,‘I
Rep
/ie’.
106.
64.
1or
adis
cuss
ion
of
the
dis
tin
ctio
nhet
ssee
nth
e‘a
po
cals
pti
c’an
d‘a
polo
get
ic’
appi
oae
hes
tocc
cIe
siolo
e’an
drd
gio
us
rehrm
.see
Ric
hard
Hel
ger
son
.frorm
sv/
,iaii
o,i
lino,
the
l:li
:alo
iui,i
nrj
tin
Cvi
E,i
it/a
nd
I(‘h
icae
o:
t’n
jvers
ito
fC
hic
ago
Pre
ss.
1992
).24
929
4.6
Bri
an(let
rish
,(,
race
0,1,
1gra
titu
de.
the
Euch
aris
tic’
theo
log:’
o/
Joh
n(‘
alv
in\l
iiin
cap
ol
is.
Ior
trcs
sP
ress
,19
93).
66.
I lei
nn
chB
ullt
nger
..S’e
rnum
uin
Des
ac1s
(Cam
bri
dge:
Par
ker
Soc
iety
.18
52).
5:28
0—S
IA
my
\els
on—
llur
nett
.“I
lein
rich
Bul
ling
eran
dth
epr
oble
mof
Fuch
aris
tic
Con
cord
,”in
Im
idio
Cam
pian
dP
eter
()p
it/.
ed.,
Hej
nrie
hB
ulli
ntle
r(1
564
1575
):L
ehen
,D
enke
n,H
’u’k
ung.
lite
r;utt
ivuiI
erB
ul/i
,zC
erk;
oI9r
es\
1004
,/h
rcher
Bei
träg
ezu
rR
efor
mat
ions
—ge
schi
chte
.lI
d.24
(/u
nch
:1
heo
logis
che
Ver
lag
Zur
ich.
2007
).23
325
0.67
.P
eter
Mar
tyr
\er
mig
li,
The
()‘,
/ord
1)’e
aa,s
ean
dD
ispu
tati
onon
i/ic
’E
ucha
rist
,ed
.iC
.M
elel
land
(Kir
kssi
lle,
MO
:I r
oman
Sta
teF
nise
rsit
yP
ress
,20
00).
On
Ver
mig
li’s
sacr
amen
tal
theo
log
see
Pet
erO
piti
.‘i
.uch
aris
tic
I heo
log’
..‘
inIo
rran
ceK
irby
.hi
nidi
oC
amp
i.an
d1-
rank
lam
esIl
l.A
(‘om
pan
ion
toP
eter
Mar
tyr
Ver
mig
li(l
.eid
enan
dB
osto
n:I
.J.
lIri
ll,
2009
),38
740
0.Ja
son
/um
dem
a.P
eter
Mar
ii’r
(‘er
mig
h(1
499—
1562
Jan
dth
eou
ts;c
udi;i
si;
umen
tsv/d
ivin
egra
ce(G
ouin
gen
:V
ande
nhoe
ck&
Rup
reeh
t,20
08):
IC.
Mel
ella
nd.
I/ic
s i.o
l1e
imor,
Ivi
God
.an
e.vp
osit
onof
the
.sae
rain
elm
tul
theo
logt
’qi
Pet
erli
ar!;
rl’
e;’m
igli
(1d
inhurg
h:
( his
eran
dB
od.
1957
).68
.I-
mid
io(‘am
p;
and
Rud
iR
eich
,ee
ls,
Con
sen.
sus
Tig
urin
us:
Die
Ein
igun
gzu
isch
enH
ein
rich
Bu/l
inger
mid
,Ioh
anne
s(‘
alvi
ni/
her
da,s
Ahe
nd,n
ahl:
We’
rden
Wer
tung
/leel
eiut
ioig
(Zu
rich
:Ih
eolo
gis
che
Ver
lag
tOri
ch.
fort
hcom
ing
in20
091.
69.
I-or
Ilooker
’s‘t
reat
ise’
onP
atri
stic
Chr
isto
logi
cal
ort
iodoxv.
see
Lat
re,s
V.5
0—56
:220
244.
See
John
Bo
ots
.‘I
ntr
oduct
ion
toB
ook
V’.
FL
E6(
1):
193
and
To
rran
ceK
irb
y.
Rit
har
d11
oo/,
r‘.s
Doct
rine
of
the
Roia
lS
upre
mae
v(l
.eid
en:
E.J
.B
rill
,19
90),
“47
9,
The
‘se,
i.s
ibic
exec
llet
ieic
oJP
uhlt
eII
vi’
sIt
if)
Bea
sts.
Men
,an
din
eser
yth
ing
sshi
chth
e)qu
icke
n:hu
tal
soby
ald
rm
ore
Di’,
inc
and
Mst
ical
kind
eo
fU
nion
.‘,s
hich
mak
eth
usone
iiith
him
.es
enas
lie
and
the
Iat
her
are
on
e.
The
Rea
lP
rese
nce
of
Chr
ists
mos
tB
less
edB
oth
and
Blo
od,
isno
tih
erct
ore
tohe
soug
htfo
rin
the
Sac
ram
ent,
but
inth
ess
orth
yR
ecei
ser
olth
eS
acra
men
tA
slo
tth
e
Sac
ram
ents
,th
eyre
hlly
exhi
hite
:bu
t.(o
rou
ght
ise
can
gath
ero
ut
of
that
ishi
chis
ssim
en
of
them
,th
e’ar
eno
tre
ally
,no
rdo
real
lco
ntai
nin
them
sels
-s.th
at(i
race
.ss
lueh
isith
them
,or
byth
em,
itpl
ease
thG
odto
hess
ioss
.’75
.L
an
es
V.6
7.5;
2:33
4.3(
F33
5.10
.76
.Se
eL
anes
V.5
8.2:
2:24
9.16
125
0.3.
77.
Lan
esV
.67.
11;
2:33
8.13
—34
0.1.
“U.
L,;i
ies
\.5
)1.2
:20
79
2)18
.13.
1.L
anes
\‘5)
).):
2:20
8.8
13.
72.
Las
ses
V.5
7.5;
2:24
7.5
22.
73.
N1ti
ansl
atio
n:se
e“I
heZ
uric
hA
gree
men
t:an
hngl
ish
tran
slat
ion
of
the
Con
sens
usIi
guri
nus
ot15
49.”
inI’
mm
dio
(‘am
pian
dR
udi
Rei
ch.
eds.
C’o
n.sc
’n.s
usT
igu,’
inus:
Die
[.in
igii
ng
:;,s
lie,;
Ilei
nri
ehB
ulli,
u,’e
’rm
id,J
o/ia
nncs
(‘a/
sin
i/he
rdo
s,4
hend
,uah
l:i4
’crd
enJl
ertu
ng
Bed
eutu
iig
(Zuri
ch:
Iheo
log
iseh
eV
erla
gZ
uri
ch.
fort
hco
min
g20
09).
“4.
\.6
”.S
:2:
334
.I”
33.
‘Ih
eB
read
and
(‘up
are
his
Bod
yan
dB
lood
,be
caus
eth
eyar
eca
uses
inst
rum
enta
l,up
onth
ere
ceit
sshe
reol
.th
eP
arti
cipa
tion
of
his
Bod
yan
dB
lood
ensu
eth.
Ioi
that
ishi
chpr
oduc
eth
any
cert
ain
el’l
dct,
isnot
‘.ain
lyno
rim
prop
erly
said
tobe
,th
atse
rsel
iect
isher
eunto
itte
ndet
h.I
cry
caus
eis
inth
eef
fect
ishi
chgr
osse
thfr
omit
.I )
urS
ouls
and
Bod
ies
quic
kned
toI
tent
alli
fe,
are
effe
cts;
the
caus
ess
here
oIis
the
Per
son
ot
Chr
ist:
I us
Bod
yan
dB
lood
are
the
true
Wel
l—sp
ring
.ou
to
fss
hich
.th
isli
fefl
osse
th.
So
that
his
Bod
yan
dB
lood
are
inth
atse
rysu
bjec
tss
here
unto
they
min
iste
rlif
e:N
oton
ely
het
lect
oroper
atio
n,
ci
enas
the
infl
uen
ceo
fth
eFl
eas
ens
isin
Pla
nts,