Chapter 20

Kingdom Fungi

Fungal StructureMost fungi are multicellularHave thread-like structures called hyphae that

develop from sporesHyphae are divided into separate cells by walls called

septaeSeptae have pores that allow materials to pass

through from cell to cellA network of hyphae form a myceliumFungal cell walls are made of chitin

Fungal AdaptationsObtaining food

All fungi are heterotrophs; get nutrition through a process called extracellular digestion

3 ways to obtain foodSaprophyte decomposer;

feed on waste or decaying matter

Mutualists symbiotic relationship with another organism

Parasite use a host to get nutrientsProduce specialized hyphae

called haustoria

Fungal ReproductionFragmentation hyphae break off and grow

new myceliumBudding new individual forms on the parent

and breaks offSpores reproductive cell that forms a new

organismSome spores are produced in a structure called a

sporangiumSpores can be haploid or diploid

Advantages of sporesProduced in large numbersProtected by sporangiaLight weight and easy to disperse

Fungal DiversityPhylum Zygomycota bread mold

DecomposersHave specialized hyphae called stolons that

grow horizontally and rhizoids that grow into the food source

Phylum Ascomycota yeast, mold, trufflesSpores develop in a structure called an ascusSpores are called ascosporesDecomposers

Phylum Basidiomycota mushrooms, stinkballsDecomposersHave club shaped hyphae called basidia

Phylum Deuteromycota used to make penicillin, bleu cheeseNo sexual stage

Mutualistic relationshipsMycorrhiza a fungus lives symbiotically

with a plantThe plant gets more nutrientsThe fungus gets sugars and amino acids from

the plantsLichen a fungus lives symbiotically with

an algaeThe algae gets water and minerals from the

fungusThe fungus gets food from the photosynthetic

algae