kingdom fungi kingdom fungi finding the fungus among us

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Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us Finding the Fungus Among Us

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Page 1: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

Finding the Fungus Among UsFinding the Fungus Among Us

Page 2: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Characteristics of Fungi Characteristics of Fungi • EukaryoticEukaryotic

• Most are MulticellularMost are Multicellular

• Filamentous body planFilamentous body plan

• Heterotrophic by AbsorptionHeterotrophic by Absorption

• Produce spores by sexual and asexual Produce spores by sexual and asexual reproduction reproduction

• Haploid for part or most of life cycleHaploid for part or most of life cycle

• Cell wall made of chitinCell wall made of chitin

• No movement: change location by No movement: change location by growth of body or dispersion of sporesgrowth of body or dispersion of spores

Page 3: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

The Filamentous Body of a Fungus

(a) Mycelium(a) Mycelium

(b) Individual Hyphae(b) Individual Hyphae

(c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway)(c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway)(c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway)(c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway)

Cell WallsCell WallsCell WallsCell Walls

SeptumSeptumSeptumSeptum

PorePorePorePore

CytoplasmCytoplasmCytoplasmCytoplasm HaploidHaploidNucleiNuclei

HaploidHaploidNucleiNuclei

Page 4: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Body Plan of FungiBody Plan of Fungi

• Mycelium = network of filamentsMycelium = network of filaments

• Hypha = individual filamentHypha = individual filament (plural = hyphae) (plural = hyphae)

• Septum = partition dividing cells, Septum = partition dividing cells, has pore for distribution of has pore for distribution of nutrientsnutrients

• Reproductive structure extends Reproductive structure extends from main body, produces from main body, produces sporesspores

Page 5: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Fungal NutritionFungal Nutrition

• Heterotropic by absorptionHeterotropic by absorption– secrete digestive enzymessecrete digestive enzymes– digest macromolecules outside the bodydigest macromolecules outside the body– absorb digested nutrientsabsorb digested nutrients

• Three nutritional modesThree nutritional modes– Saprophytic = digestion of dead organismsSaprophytic = digestion of dead organisms– Parasitic = digestion of live organisms, Parasitic = digestion of live organisms,

causing disease causing disease– Mutualistic = beneficial relationship for twoMutualistic = beneficial relationship for two

independent organisms independent organisms

Page 6: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

SaprophytesSaprophytes

Page 7: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

ParasitesParasites

Page 8: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Lichen: Mutualism Between Alga and FungusLichen: Mutualism Between Alga and Fungus

Algal LayerAlgal Layer

Fungal HyphaeFungal Hyphae

AttachmentAttachmentStructureStructure

Page 9: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Mycorrhizae: Mutualism Between Mycorrhizae: Mutualism Between Fungus and Plant RootsFungus and Plant Roots

Page 10: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Applying Your KnowledgeApplying Your Knowledge

Which mode of nutritionWhich mode of nutrition

A.A. Provides a benefit for the fungus and its Provides a benefit for the fungus and its symbiotic partner?symbiotic partner?

B.B. Is shown by athlete’s foot fungus? Is shown by athlete’s foot fungus?

C.C. Involves digestion of dead organisms?Involves digestion of dead organisms?

1.1. ParasiticParasitic2.2. SaprophtyicSaprophtyic3.3. MutualisticMutualistic

Page 11: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

• Hypha from mycelia of Hypha from mycelia of opposite mating types fuseopposite mating types fuse

• Fusion of two haploid nuclei Fusion of two haploid nuclei forms diploid zygoteforms diploid zygote

• Zygote produces haploid Zygote produces haploid spores by meiosisspores by meiosis

• Each spore germinates to Each spore germinates to produce a haploid myceliumproduce a haploid mycelium

Page 12: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Chythrid FungiChythrid Fungi

• Flagellated, swimming spores require Flagellated, swimming spores require water for dispersalwater for dispersal

• Ancestral group, gave rise to modern Ancestral group, gave rise to modern fungifungi

Forming Male Forming Male GametesGametes

Forming Male Forming Male GametesGametes

Forming Forming Female Female

GametesGametes

Forming Forming Female Female

GametesGametes

Page 13: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Zygote FungiZygote Fungi• Live in soil and on decaying plant matterLive in soil and on decaying plant matter

• Zygosporangia = reproductive structuresZygosporangia = reproductive structures producing haploid spores producing haploid spores

Page 14: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Sac FungiSac Fungi• Ascus = sac that surrounds haploid Ascus = sac that surrounds haploid

ascospores ascospores

Page 15: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Club FungiClub Fungi• Basidium = club-shaped reproductive Basidium = club-shaped reproductive

structure that produces basidiosporesstructure that produces basidiospores

Page 16: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Club Fungus Life Cycle

DiploidDiploid22nn

HaploidHaploid11nn

Mushroom gillsMushroom gillsbear reproductivebear reproductive

basidia.basidia.

BasidiaBasidiaon gillson gills

Haploid NucleiHaploid Nuclei Fusion forms Fusion forms diploid zygote.diploid zygote.

MEIOSISMEIOSIS

MEIOSISMEIOSIS

BasidiosporesBasidiospores(haploid)(haploid)

Page 17: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Club Fungus Life Cycle

DiploidDiploid22nn

HaploidHaploid11nn

BasidiaBasidiaon gillson gills

BasidiosporesBasidiospores(haploid)(haploid)

““+” Mating+” MatingStrainStrain

““+” Mating+” MatingStrainStrain ““-” Mating-” Mating

StrainStrain““-” Mating-” Mating

StrainStrainBasidiospores germinateBasidiospores germinateforming hyphae (haploid).forming hyphae (haploid).

++++----Hyphae fuse, butHyphae fuse, buthaploid nucleihaploid nuclei

remain separateremain separatein binucleate cellsin binucleate cells

Hyphae aggregateHyphae aggregateto form mushroomto form mushroom

Page 18: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Imperfect FungiImperfect Fungi• Sexual reproduction has not been Sexual reproduction has not been

observedobserved

Page 19: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Applying Your KnowledgeApplying Your Knowledge

Which group of fungi Which group of fungi

A.A. Encloses haploid spores within an ascus?Encloses haploid spores within an ascus?

B.B. Has flagellated gametes? Has flagellated gametes?

C.C. Has an umbrella-shaped reproductive Has an umbrella-shaped reproductive structure called a basidium?structure called a basidium?

D.D. Has not shown sexual reproduction? Has not shown sexual reproduction?

1.1. ChytridsChytrids2.2. Zygote FungiZygote Fungi3.3. Sac FungiSac Fungi4.4. Club FungiClub Fungi5.5. Imperfect FungiImperfect Fungi

Page 20: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Applying Your KnowledgeApplying Your Knowledge

Which group of fungi Which group of fungi

A.A. Are found on as a topping your Are found on as a topping your mushroom pizza?mushroom pizza?

B.B. Caused the pizza dough to rise? Caused the pizza dough to rise?

C.C. Make up the fuzzy structure on the two-Make up the fuzzy structure on the two-week old loaf of bread in your cupboard?week old loaf of bread in your cupboard?

1.1. ChytridsChytrids2.2. Zygote FungiZygote Fungi3.3. Sac FungiSac Fungi4.4. Club FungiClub Fungi5.5. Imperfect FungiImperfect Fungi

Page 21: Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

Applying Your KnowledgeApplying Your Knowledge

Which kingdom/domain Which kingdom/domain

A.A. Has organisms that are heterotrophic by Has organisms that are heterotrophic by ingestion?ingestion?

B.B. Has cell walls made of chitin? Has cell walls made of chitin?

C.C. Reproduces by binary fission?Reproduces by binary fission?

1.1. ProkaryotesProkaryotes2.2. ProtistsProtists3.3. FungiFungi4.4. PlantaePlantae5.5. AnimaliaAnimalia