kinetic molecular theory states of matter phase changes
TRANSCRIPT
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Kinetic Molecular TheoryStates of MatterPhase Changes
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Kinetic Molecular Theory # 1
Matter is composed of small particles (molecules). The measure of space that the molecules occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves.
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Evidence
Food coloring in waterDust particles in airGold hammered into foilOil spreading on the surface of waterCondensation of water vapor by
increased pressure
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Kinetic Molecular Theory #2
The molecules are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter. Solid – vibrate in
position Liquid - Molecules
will flow or glide over one another, Motion is a bit faster than solid
Gas – Molecules move freely of each other and at a greater speed
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Kinetic Molecular Theory # 3
When the molecules collide with each other, or with the walls of a container, there is no loss of energy – energy is transferred
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Temperature effect on Physical Properties *directly proportional*
Increases Kinetic energy of
particles increases Volume increases Solid changes to
liquid – liquid changes to gas
Viscosity increases Malleability
increases
Decreases Kinetic energy of
particles decreases Volume decreases Gas changes to
liquid – liquid changes to solid
Viscosity decreases Malleability
decreases
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Viscosity
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Volume
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Malleability
To determine if something is malleable – ask the question could it be easily bent or flattened into a sheet
Think about when you first take the play-doh out of the container – Is it easy to work with?
What happens as heat is transferred from your hands?
Is everything malleable? What are examples of things that would be
malleable?
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Review
Which would have a greater viscosity – honey or water?
If I decreased the temperature of honey what would happen to the viscosity? If I increased the temperature of honey what would happen to the viscosity?
What does malleable mean?Give one example of evidence to prove
that matter is in constant motion.
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BrainPop
States of Matter
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Liquid
Fixed volume – takes the shape of the container
Close together, but in a random pattern
Moving faster than a solid, but slower than a gas
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Solid
Fixed volume and shape
Packed together in a pattern
Vibrate in position
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Gas
No fixed shape or volume – spread out to fill the container
widely spaced out Move rapidly,
frequently colliding with each other and the side of the container
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BrainPop Quiz
States of Matter
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BrainPop
Phases of Matter
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Solid to Liquid
Heat is added – kinetic energy increases and weakens attractive forces between particles
At the melting point the solid melts into a liquid
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Liquid to Gas
Heat is added to the liquid – kinetic energy increases and weakens attractive forces between particles
begin to boil when reach the boiling point temp increases particles move even faster and over
come the attractive forces and evaporate forming a gas
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Gas to Liquid
Heat is lost from the gas – attractive forces become stronger - kinetic energy decreases
when enough heat is given off the particles condense into a liquid
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Liquid to Solid
Heat is lost – kinetic energy decreases and increases attractive forces between particles
At the freezing point the liquid becomes a solid
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Sublimation
When a solid changes directly into a gas without melting
EX: smaller ice cubes in the back of the freezer
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Cooling CurveGas to Liquid to Solid
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Heating CurveSolid to Liquid to Gas
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Summary
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BrainPop Quiz
Phases of Matter