molecular motion polarity, intermolecular forces, states of matter, kinetic theory, and diffusion
TRANSCRIPT
Molecular Motion
Polarity, Intermolecular Forces, States of Matter, Kinetic Theory,
and Diffusion
Lower electronegativity
Greater electronegativity
Lower electronegativity
Greater electronegativity F F
H F
O F
F F
H F
O F
Strong vs. Strong
Tug of War
Kind ofStrong vs. Strong
Weak vs. Strong
H F
Polar molecule – has a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.
Water
δ+ δ+
δ–Water
Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride
δ+
δ–
δ–
δ–δ–
Difference in ElectronegativityΔ E.N. Range Type of Bond0 to 0.5 Nonpolar Covalent
0.5 to 1.9 Polar Covalent
1.9 or greater Ionic
States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Freezing
MeltingDep
ositi
onSu
blim
ation
CondensationBoiling
Deionization
Ionization
Molecular Motion of Gases
Molecular Motion of Gases
Molecular Motion• The state of matter depends
on how much energy (motion) the molecules, atoms, or ions have.
• The state of matter also depends on how attracted the atoms, molecules, or ions are to eachother.
Molecular MotionState of Matter
(at room temperature)
O O
Na+ Cl–
OHH
+ +
–
Gas
Liquid
Solid
H2O
NaCl
O2
Nonpolar molecules
O O O O
Polar molecules
OHH
+ +
–
OH
H+
+
–
O
HH+
+
–
Ionic compounds
Na+ Cl–
Na+ Cl–
Na+ Cl–
Na+ Cl–
Cl–
Na+
Na+Cl–
Molecular Twist and Stretch
Intermolecular / Interatomic Attractions
Strength Type of Bond Ex.
Very Weak Dispersion forces O2
Weak Dipole-Dipole forces CO
Moderate Hydrogen bonding H2O, DNA
Strong Electrostatic forces NaCl
Diffusion• Diffusion – when a substance spreads out in a
gas or liquid.
• Examples: 1. Perfume eventually reaching the far side of a
room. 2. Kool-Aid dissolving into water.
Diffusion of Gases
Diffusion of Gases
Diffusion of Liquids
Weekend Homework Contest• In your home, find the most bizarre ionic
compound that you can:
• Write down: 1) where it was found (food, cleaning supply, etc.)
2) ingredient name on the label3) ionic formula (or what you
think it is)
• Example: 1) Chlorox Bleach2) sodium hypochlorite3) NaClO
NeFONCBBe
He
Li
H
Kr
ArCl
Br
XeI
SPSiMg Al
Ca
Na
K
NeFONCBBe
He
Li
H
Kr
ArCl
Br
XeI
SPSiMg Al
Ca
Na
K
4 e– in valence shell