kids health 022515

MARYLAND INDEPENDENTMARYLAND INDEPENDENTST. MARY’S ENTERPRISEST. MARY’S ENTERPRISECALVERT RECORDERCALVERT RECORDERwww.somdnews.comwww.somdnews.com

Spring 2015 • Issue 2

ComplimentaryCopy

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Southern Maryland Health SPRING 2015

February 2015 Southern Maryland Kids Health 3

What’s inside . . .

A special issuejust for kids

When you need glasses 4

Ouch! What to expect from a shot 5

Listen up! Taking care of your hearing 6

Why your body needs water 8

Being careful in cold, snow 9

All about hair 9

Stay safe in the sun 10

Just a little scratch: Cleaning cuts 11

Parents’ corner 12

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4 Southern Maryland Kids Health February 2015

If your teacher’s handwriting on the board is hard toreador thewords in a book seem fuzzy, your eyesmightneed somehelp.Just like your eye color canbedifferent froma friend’s,

our eyes all work differently, too. If all parts of the eyedon’twork together like they should,weneedeyeglassesor contact lenses to bring the world into focus, Kid-sHealth.org explains.Though eyes work differently, they all include the

sameparts.Your eyeball has a cornea, which is clear tis-sue that helps the eye focus; an iris, the colored part; apupil, the black circle within the iris; a lens, also neededto help the eye focus; and a retina, which is at the veryback of the eye.“Whenall of theeyes’parts areworkingproperly, a kid

doesn’t have vision problems,” KidsHealth.org explains.“You can see because your eyes capture an image like acamera and send that image to your brain, where it canbe interpreted.”For an image to be focused sharply on your retina,

your eyes need to bend light rays. “Refracting”means tobend light rays — and if you have a hard time seeingclearly, it’s often because of a refractive problem, saysKidsHealth.org. That’s where glasses or contact lensescome in: they correct refractive issues, letting your brainconvert the image clearly.If you’re having trouble seeing, you could be near-

sighted or farsighted. “Nearsighted”means you can seesomething that’s close, but have a hard time seeingthings thatare faraway.“Farsighted” is theopposite: you

Whenyou needglasses

Whenyou needglasses

See Glasses, Page 7


Ouch! What to expect from a shotThough shots aren’t fun,

they’re important for helpingto keep youwell.Shots called vaccinations

can prevent serious diseasesthat could make you very sick.“The pinch of a shot isn’t near-ly as bad as those illnesses,”explains KidsHealth.org. Com-mon vaccines will help protectyou from chickenpox, influen-za, polio, measles, mumps,rubella andmore.Rather than waiting until

you are ill, shots give you partof a disease-causing germ or aversion that is very weak ordead. With just this small part

of the germ, you donot get thedisease — but your bodyresponds by making antibod-ies, part of your immune sys-tem. If youencounter thegermagain, the antibodies can fightit off.“When your body is protect-

ed from a disease in this way,it’s called being immune to anillness,”KidsHealth.orgsays.“Itcan’t get you. In most cases, itmeans youwon’t get the illnessat all.”The good news? If you can

read this, you have probablyhad most of your shots. Kidsget many shots they need by

age 2, KidsHealth.orgexplains.When it’s time to

get a shot, a doctorwill use a syringeholding a liquid vac-cine.Theneedlehas ahole in it for the liquidto squirt through.You’ll receive the injec-tion in your arm or thigh— and it will be over in notime.Though getting a shot can

hurt a little, remember that thepain will fade quickly. And youmight even be rewarded foryour bravery!

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Listen up! Taking care of your hearingLove listening to your favorite

music? If yourmomordadhas evertoldyouto turndownthose tunes, itmight be good to remember thatyour hearing — like other parts ofyour body—canbedamaged.Loud sounds from music,

machinery and more can causeboth temporary and permanenthearing loss, KidsHealth.orgexplains. If you have hearing loss,youmightnotbeabletohearaswellas other people — or, if it’s badenough, to hear at all.“If thenoisearoundyou is so loud

that you have to shout to be heard,there is a chance that the mecha-nism in your ear can be injured,”says KidsHealth.org. Temporaryhearing losshappensafterexposureto loud noise for a period of time,likeataconcert. If thishappens,youwon’t be able to hear as well as younormally would— but it should goaway, typically when you wake up

the nextmorning after sleep.Noise could also cause tinnitus,

which means ringing in the ears,KidsHealth.org says. Though yourhearing should return to normal, itcan be affected permanently if youlisten to loud noises or music con-sistently.Permanent hearing loss means

you won’t ever be able to hear aswell as you once did. “That’s whyconstruction workers and factoryworkers need to wear ear protec-tion,” KidsHealth.org explains.

“Lawnmowersandpowertools, likechainsaws, alsocanbe loudenoughto affect someone’s ability to hearhigh-pitched noises. This kind ofnoise can cause a person to havetinnitus all the time.”Whether you’re working with

equipment or listening to musicthroughheadphones, it’s importantto protect your ears. Don’t listen tomusic at a level that is uncomfort-able; make sure you can still hearthe people around you talking orthe television in the background.KidsHealth.org recommends givingyour ears a rest occasionally —especially if you like wearing earbuds.If you’re going to use machinery

with the help of a parent or teacher,always wear ear protection. At aconcert, bring earplugs. If you’replaying music yourself, keep thevolume lower (your parents mightappreciate it, too!).

Articles in Southern Maryland Kids Health are for informational purposes only and are not intended to providemedical advice. Neither the editors of Post Community Media, LLC, the author nor publisher take responsibilityfor any possible consequences from any treatment, procedure, exercise, dietary modification, action or applica-tion of medication which results from reading or following the information contained in this magazine. The publi-cation of Southern Maryland Kids Health does not constitute the practice of medicine, and this information doesnot replace the advice of your health care provider(s). Before undertaking any course of treatment, the reader

must seek the advice of their physician and/or other health care provider(s).


can see clearly far away,but have trouble up close.When you go to see an

eye doctor, youwill proba-bly read froman eye chart.Yourdoctorwillusetests tomeasure how well you seeitems in the distance andnearby. There are no rightor wrong answers! Basedon your responses, thedoctor will decide if you

need a prescription forglasses or contact lenses.Your prescription isunique to you and thewayyour eyes bend light,which is why you can’t seeclearly through anyoneelse’s glasses.These tests are painless

and canhelp improvehowwell you see when you’replaying, doing yourschoolwork or watchingTV. If your vision seemsblurry, talk toyourmomordad.

GlassesContinued from Page 4

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Why your body needs waterWater, water every-

where. We know it’simportant to stay hydrat-ed, especially after beingactive (playing sports orrunning at recess), butwhy?We need water for our

bodies to work properly.“Water makes up morethan half of your bodyweight and a person can’tsurvive for more than afew days without it,”explains KidsHealth.org.Your body has many

important tasks requiringwater. Blood contains lotsof water, and it’s responsi-ble for carrying oxygen toall of your body’s cells.Your body would stopworkingwithout oxygen.Lymph, a fluid that is

part of your immune sys-tem, also contains water.Lymph helps you fight offillness, KidsHealth.orgexplains. Water is alsoneeded for fooddigestion,getting rid of waste andsweat — your body’s wayof regulating its tempera-ture.You don’t have to drink

from a big water bottle toget the fluids you need,however.Yourbody is ableto get water from manysources, including other

beverages (though waterand milk are the bestchoices, says KidsHealth.org). Many foods containwater, too: fruits and veg-etables are good andhealthy choices.How do you know how

muchtodrink?There isno

“magic amount,” Kid-sHealth.org explains.“Usually, kids like to drinksomething with mealsand should definitelydrink when they arethirsty,” they say. “Butwhen it’s warm out oryou’re exercising, you’ll

need more. Be sure todrink some extra waterwhen you’re out in warmweather, especially play-ing sports or exercising.”Thebodyisabletoregu-

late the water in your sys-tem.When you don’t haveenough, it may hold ontomore; if you have toomuch, it will get rid of it.Aneasyway to tell if you

have enough water is tolook at your urine. If it’svery light yellow, yourbody might be getting ridof excess water, Kid-sHealth.org explains; youare hydrated. But if it isvery dark yellow, yourbody may be guardingyour water supplybecause it’s worried youdon’t have enough — soit’s time to drinkmore.If you’re body does not

have the water it needs,you are dehydrated.Dehydration can impacthow fast and sharp youfeel, both physically andmentally, and can evenmake you sick. So keep aglass or water bottle near-by and take frequent sips.Your body will thank

you!

Though being outside inthe snow — especially on asnow day! — can be lots offun, it’s important to staywarmanddry.If you’re going out in the

cold, the best wayto staywarm is bydressing in layers,KidsHealth.orgexplains. It’s easy tostart out with lotsof clothes andremove them asyou get warmer.Start by puttingon a long-sleevedundershirt fol-

lowed by a shirt, sweater andcoat.Wool and thermal cloth-ingwill help keep you toasty.On your bottom half, put

onlongunderwearandheavypants, like ski pants.Thenputon thick socks and water-proof boots. If you’re going towalk around or play outsidefor a while, make sure you’rewearing sturdy boots withgood tread to keep yousteady. Don’t forget a hat,scarf, gloves and earmuffs.Remember to drink water.

“When you’re outside in thecold and breathing hard, youlose a lot of your body’s water

through your breath,” Kid-sHealth.orgexplains.Soenjoya warm drink or soup inside,which will also allow you towarmupabit.Don’t overdo it. “Some-

times if you’re out having fun,it’s easy to forget to pay atten-tion to your body,” Kid-sHealth.org states. “But ifyour body temperaturedropseven 4 or 5 degrees whileyou’re outside, it can makeyou feel crummy.”Payattentiontoyourbody’s

signals: shivering, teeth chat-tering, dizziness and weak-ness are all signs you need togo inside.Watch your friendsand siblings, too. If anyonefeels bad, go in to enjoy anactivity together.


Being careful in cold, snow

Whether it’s curly orstraight, longor short, darkor light, our hair hasmanyjobs.“The hair on your head

keeps your head warmand provides a little cush-ioning for your skull,”explains KidsHealth.org.“Eyelashes protect youreyes by decreasing theamount of light and dustthatgo into them,andeye-brows protect your eyes

from sweat dripping downfromyour forehead.”Every hair rises from the

skin the sameway. It startsat the root, where cellsform keratin beneath theskin, KidsHealth.org says.That root is insidea follicle,a small tube in the skin.When hair grows, it

pushes up from the rootand out of the follicle,where it can then be seenthrough the skin. Bloodvessels at the follicle basefeed hair to keep it grow-ing, says KidsHealth.org.“But once the hair is at

the skin’s surface, the cellswithin the strand of hairaren’t alive anymore,” they

explain. “The hair you seeon every part of your bodycontains dead cells. That’swhy it doesn’t cause painwhen someone cuts yourhairwith scissors!”Though we have more

than 100,000 strands ofhair on our heads, we lose50 to100everyday.But thegood news? New hairscome along constantly!“Each hair on your head

grows for about two to sixyears,” KidsHealth.orgexplains. “Then it rests fora few months and finallyfalls out. It is replaced by anew hair, which begins togrow from the same hairfollicle.”Most hair follicles are

attached to sebaceousglands, which make hairshiny. When these glandspump out too much oil,hair can look greasy.To care for your hair,

keep it clean.Wash it gen-tly with shampoo andwarmwater. Some wash itonce a day, others once aweek; have a parent helpdecidewhat isbest foryou.

All abouthair


Wethinkaboutsunpro-tection in summer, butthe sun can be a friend—and foe — through everyseason.Whether it’s cold or hot,

we must protect our skin.Thoughthesundoesgreatthings like keep us warmand cause plants to grow,it has invisible rays —called ultraviolet rays —that canhurt us.UV rays pass through

the clouds and air to pen-etrate our skin, Kid-sHealth.org explains. Ifyour unprotected skin is

exposed to UV rays, youcould get sunburned.Sunburns can cause

painful blisters on yourskin now and wrinkleswhen you’re an adult.Worst of all,KidsHealth.org says, sundamage could somedaylead to skin cancer.To protect yourself,

remember to always wearsunscreen and take fre-quent breaks by movinginto shadeor going inside.Ask your parents to applysunscreen for you about20 minutes before you go

into the sun,then reapply atleast every twohours. Reapplymore often ifyou’ve beenswimming orsweating, even ifyour sunscreeniswaterproof.Put sunscreen any-

where the suncan see; thetopsofyourears,yourhairpart and the tops of yourfeet can get missed. Ask aparent for help reachingyour back so you don’toverlook a spot.You can also wear cool,

lightweight clothes in thesummer to help coveryour skin. Just make sure

you can’t see a handthrough the fabric — youcan still be burnedthrough clothing.“Don’t forget that your

eyesneedprotection fromultraviolet rays, too,” addsKidsHealth.org. “Alwayswear sunglasses in thebright sun, andmake surethey have a label sayingthat they blockUV rays.”

Stay safe in the sun

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Everyone gets cutsand scratches. Play-ing sports, workingintheyard, justwalk-ing around thehouse — they hap-pen!Cuts are injuries to

the skin caused by asharp object, likescissors. Scratchesare slight injuriesthat happen whensomething sharp,like a fingernail orglass, scrapes along

your skin.If youget hurt, you

may begin to bleed.Find a parent oradult tohelp.Youwillwant to stop thebleeding by pressinga soft, clean clothagainst the site ofyour wound, saysKidsHealth.org.If you’re not hurt

too badly, the bleed-ing should stop aftera fewminutes. Cleanit with warm water

and gentle soap. Ifyou are worriedabout dirt or gravelin the wound, gentlyuse a damp cloth toremove it.“Most small cuts,

scrapes or abrasionswillhealwellwithoutany special care,”notes KidsHealth.org. But for extra

cleansing and pro-tection, a parentmight apply an anti-bacterial ointmentor bandage to coveryour wound. Oint-ments kill germs,and the bandagewillprevent them fromgetting inside yourcut.If you do use a

bandage, make sureto change it everyday and when it getsdirty or wet, likewhenyou stepout ofthe bath.Remember that it’s

alwaysagood idea togetanadult if yougethurt.“You’llespecial-

ly want to tell a par-entoradult if youcutyourself on some-thing dirty or rusty, ifyou are bleeding, orif you get bitten orscratched (by anani-mal or a person!),”KidsHealth.org says.Scratches and

bites need specialcare because thegerms from an ani-mal or person couldget into yourwound,they explain.You might have to

make a visit to thedoctor for antibioticmedicine, but you’llbe feeling better inno time.

Just a little scratch:Cleaning your cuts

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Recovery from therecession that began in2008 has sparked renewedinterest in vacation travel.Resort bookings are up,andmanywill enjoyexoticvacations in themonths tocome.While discretionary

spending is increasing,some individuals andfamilies continue to take aconservative approach totheir finances, and thatapproach extends to howthey spend their time off.Many are still embracing“staycations,” in whichfamilies forgo travel infavor of staying home.Staycations may not be asexotic as trips abroad, butthere are several ways thatfamilies can make theirsenjoyable and memo-rable.• Invest in your home

or lifestyle. Instead ofbankrollingatripoverseas,channel those funds intoimprovements for yourhome or yard to create arelaxing atmosphere youcan enjoy year-round.Install that pool or land-scape the backyard tomake it feel like a tropicalparadise. Coasting acrossthe water of a lake orocean is an enjoyable pas-time, so repurpose yourvacation funds to buy jetskis or other fun items youcan enjoy throughout thewarmermonths.• Become a tourist in

your hometown. Chancesare you have never experi-enced the sights of yourhometown the way atourist might. Plan a fewdayswhenyoucanact likesomeone visiting for thefirst time. Seek out andvisit monuments andpoints of history in yourcommunity. Head into

Washington, D.C. to hopon a sight-seeing bus andlearn something newabout where you live. Youmay just be surprised atwhat you candiscover.•Look forhiddengems.

Some local businessesmay be willing to open upfor “behind the scenes”tours if you ask. This canbe a fun excursion foryoung children. Askemployees of amovie the-ater if you can see the pro-jection room. Newspaperoffices may host tours oftheir facilities. Even abowling alley can be fasci-nating to kids if they cansee ball-return mecha-nisms or how equipmentis stored.• Splurge on a show or

sporting event. Attend anevent you normallywouldn’t unless you wereon vacation. Take a trip tosee a musical at a nearbytheater or take the familyto see your local sportsteam play a home gameagainst a rival. Treat your-self to concession standsnacks and a few sou-venirs.• Dine out a few nights.

Vacations often entail eat-

ing out, especially if mealsarenot included ina tradi-tional vacation package.Use your staycation as theopportunity to dine atlocal restaurants you haveyet to visit. Indulge thekids one night and putthem in charge of choos-ing themeals.Forget thosediet plans for a day or twoand savor that triple-scoop ice cream cone. Ifthe cost of dining out has

you concerned, selectrestaurants that offercoupons in communitymailers or value packs.• Read the newspaper

or community bulletin.Chancesareyoucanfindanumber of entertainingand low-cost activitiessponsoredbyyour townorother organizations closeto home. Fireworks dis-plays, boat tours and fairsare just a handful of thefun events coming soon.• Turn off electronics.

Take a break from someofyour devices during yourstaycation. Have everyoneput their phone on a sidetable during a familymovie night and insist onlimited screen timeduringthe day. By doing so, youwillbe less likely to fall intoyour daily habits — andmore likely to make themost of your time to restand relax.

How to enjoythis year’sstaycation


Stretching every dollar is a reali-ty formany families. A higher cost-of-living coupled with financialuncertainty has inspired manyfamilies to scale back their spend-ing, a process that’s much easierwhen families create a householdbudget.Creating a household budget is

often more complicated for fami-lies than individuals. Families notonly tend to have more monthlyexpenses,butalsotendtopaymoremind to their financial futures thanmen and women living on theirown.The following are a few tips for

menandwomenhopingtocreateahousehold budget:

Get a grip on your financesBefore setting a family budget,

heads of the household should firstget a firm grasp of their finances.Determine household income,fixed monthly expenses (i.e., mort-gage, car payments, student loans,etc.), luxuryexpenses (i.e., cable tel-evisionservice,diningout,etc.)and

outstanding consumer debt. Onceyou get a clear picture of what’scoming in and what’s going out,you can determine where you’remakingsounddecisionsandwhereyou’re not.

Set a goalOnce finances have been exam-

ined, you can then set a goal. Goalswill change as your financial situa-tion changes, but let your existingfinancial situation influence thegoal you initially set. Forexample, ifan examination of your financialsituation revealed a considerableamount of consumer debt, then agoal of eradicating that debt is agreat place to start, and part of set-ting the goal is developing a courseof action tomake it a reality.Whentrying to freeupmoneyto

paydownconsumerdebt, examinethe expenses you listed as luxuriesanddeterminewhichones youcancut topaydownyour family’sdebts.Diningout less andcuttingbackonentertainment expenses are greatways to freeupmoney. If anexami-

nation of your finances indicateslittle or no consumer debt but lotsofmoney spent frivolously, allocatefunds for daily expenditures like amorning cup of coffee into yourbudget and do your best to avoidexceeding that amount.

Establish a weekly budgetMany families find it easier to

managetheirmoneyandstaywith-in their budgets if they live onweekly — as opposed to monthly— budgets. This can be tricky, asmany of your more significantexpenses, including mortgage andcar payments, are likely collectedon a monthly basis. But establish-ing aweekly budget for your familyallows you tomonitor yourmonth-ly expenses more closely, reducingthe likelihood that you’ll get to theend of the month and realize youexceeded your budget.Budget for thoseweeklyexpens-

es that are not fixed, like grocerybills and gas. Stayingwithin budgetfor such expenses every week canlead to substantial savings by theend of eachmonth, and it’s far eas-ier to save thatmoneywhen you’remonitoring those expenses every

sevendays insteadofevery30days.

Consider long-term goals

Long-termgoals should be con-sidered when establishing a familybudget. Even if money is tight, youlikely can still find room in yourbudget to save for your future. Thegoal of establishing a family budgetis to ensure money is being wellspent, and contributing to yourfamily’s financial future is moneywell spent. Allocate funds for retire-ment account contributions andfuture educational expenses aswell. Even small contributions canadd up to a significant amount ofmoney over time.

Creating yourhousehold budget

Before social media became so prevalent,instances of bullying were somewhat easy to recog-nize. However, with a good majority of children nowengaged in digital networking and social media, bul-lying may not end with the ringing of the school bell—and its evidencemaynot be so apparent.According to statistics from the i-SAFE Founda-

tion, more than half of adolescents and teens havebeen bullied online, and about the same numberhave engaged in cyberbullying.More than 80 percentof teens use a mobile phone regularly, making it themost popular form of technology and a commonmedium for repeated harassment.Cyberbullying can occur via textmessaging, blog-

ging,updates to socialmedia sitesand/orphonecon-versations.Although it’sontherise, therearesomethingspar-

ents and children cando to help put a stop to it.• Parents who feel their child is not emotionally

ready for the respon-sibility of a digitaldevice can hold backon purchasing asmartphone, orchoose one with lim-ited features. Schoolsmay set strict limitson phone usage at school, and children who go onlybetween school and home may not need an “emer-gencyphone” that canopenupawindow for trouble.• Adolescents and teens should feel comfortable

talking with their parents without the fear of repri-mand. Otherwise, they may hide instances of cyber-bullying or not know how to broach sensitive topicslikebullying. Parents canengage inconversationwiththeir children often and stress that the doors of com-munication are always open.• Teens should bemade aware that cyberbullying

is a very real occurrence and is not just other kids“having fun” or “joking.” If behavior is repetitive andhurtful, it should bemadepublic and addressed.• Parents can monitor and limit their children’s

personal accounts. Some smartphone and tabletapplications can be mirrored on the main account,enabling parents to see incomingmessages.• A laptop or desktop computer should be placed

in a shared space so usage canbemonitored. Parentscan restrict tablet or smartphone usage to publicareas.•When online, children should be advised not to

sharepersonal information.Childrenshouldbeurgedto keep passwords secret and to never give informa-tion such as birthdays, phone numbers and address-es to people who aren’t close friends. Friend listsshould be restricted to only those people studentsinteract with frequently to minimize the chance forbullying or other inappropriate behavior.• Teens who have been bullied can keep evidence

of the bullying and may benefit from talking with acounselor.

Recognizing cyberbullying


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BuildYourNew HomeFrom OurPlans OrYours

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