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\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qc{\iPublished by}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qcLhasey Lotsawa Publications{\line }{\line }\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Lhasey Lotsawa Translations & Publications\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {P.O. Box 19704\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Kathmandu\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Nepal\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {lhaseylotsawa@cglf.org\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\u169? Copyright 2012 by Phakchok Rinpoche\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {eBooks created by www.ebookconversion.com\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qc{\bCONTENTS}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\~ {{\qlPreface\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qlThree Keys to Happiness\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qlEight Keys to a Meaningful Life\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\page } {{\qc{\bPREFACE}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\~ {This short booklet, {\iKeys to Happiness & a Meaningful Life}, was compiled by Phakchok Rinpoche\u8217?s students from transcripts of several teachings and public talks he gave in Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, England, and the United States in 2009 and 2010. The sets of three and eight points explained here evolved gradually through the course of Rinpoche\u8217?s teachings and travels, as he spontaneously adapted traditional Buddhist teachings to meet the needs of his modern audiences. We have compiled them and offer them here hoping that they will benefit many people. We have done as little editing as possible, but tried instead to retain Rinpoche\u8217?s direct style of speech, which makes his teachings so alive. Those wishing for further guidance on these topics or for information about Phakchok Rinpoche\u8217?s teaching schedule can go to www.phakchokrinpoche.org.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qcSarva Mangalam. May all be auspicious!\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qc{\b{\iThree Keys to Happiness}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\~ {{\ql{\b{\iIntroduction}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {We all want to be happy. This is our fundamental aim in life, isn\u8217?t it? But often we find happiness difficult to achieve. When we do not know how to deal with our own emotions and our mind, then life can become very tiring and depressing. On top of that, most of us are very busy these days, which can make us more stressed and uptight. So here in this small booklet I would like to explain three simple ways to help you deal with your emotions and mind so that you can live more happily and at ease.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {The happiness I\u8217?m referring to here is inner happiness\u8212?a sense of ease, joy, and well-being that does not depend on external conditions like your family, friends, possessions, or the weather. When your mind is open and spacious, naturally you will feel happy. This natural happiness is actually already there within us; we simply need to discover it and then develop the basic good human qualities that will enable us to lead a happy and meaningful life. Without this natural inner happiness, we will never be truly happy. We will spend our lives running after this and that, full of excitement about whatever person or situation is new. Then when we get it we will experience superficial happiness for a short moment, but that will fade away and leave us feeling empty again to go chasing after something else. So to lead a truly happy and fulfilling life, we first need an unconditional base for happiness. These three keys to happiness\u8212?creating space, noticing our own faults without judging, and loving kindness and compassion\u8212?help us discover this base.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Creating space is really crucial as the first step, because without that basic sense of ease and spaciousness, even if all the other qualities are there I don\u8217?t think you\u8217?ll ever be truly happy. After that, we need to slowly come to notice what really prevents us from being happy (such as our own faults), and what makes us happy (such as being more caring and loving), and so on. Then based on this, we can further develop our good qualities and happiness. The starting point, though, is this unconditional base for happiness, which can be discovered through these three keys to happiness.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\iThe First Key: Creating Space}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {These days we have so many things to think about: our health, our family, our work, and if you are a practicing Buddhist then on top of all that you have meditation and dharma practice to worry about. When we do not know how to deal with them, these worries can make our minds start to slowly shrink, becoming more and more narrow, and therefore more and more negative. Sometimes things start to overwhelm us and we feel trapped physically. Our chest feels tight and then we let out a big sigh in an attempt to relieve ourselves of these feelings. That happens sometimes. A small problem can come to seem so big that we cannot deal with it at all.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Several years ago, while I was in England on my annual teaching tour, someone called me from my home in Nepal saying that the people working for me were not following my instructions but creating problems instead. I become fed up and irritated, thinking, \u8220?Why is it always like this? Why are they doing this?! How am I going to deal with these problems when I\u8217?m on the other side of the world? What\u8217?s going to happen now?\u8230?.\u8221? Ironically, these thoughts were spinning around and around in my head while I was sitting in the car on my way to give a public talk entitled \u8220?Key to Happiness\u8221?! I suddenly thought, \u8220?What a joke this all is! If I can\u8217?t be happy myself, how on earth can I teach others about happiness?\u8221? So then I stopped thinking for a while and just stared out of the car window at the passing scenery. Thankfully we were driving through the open countryside and there was a wide open blue sky. I had about 20 minutes before we reached the venue, so I gazed out and let my mind blend with the spacious sky. I imagined that I was surrounded by space, like in that scene in Titanic where Kate Winslet stands on the tip of the ship with Leonardo Di Caprio and leans out over the vast ocean. After just a few minutes, I felt some relief in my heart. The irritation and tightness was replaced by a sense of spaciousness and ease, and the problems that had been troubling me so much seemed small and no longer overwhelming.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {After that experience I began to practice this technique more and named it \u8216?Creating Space\u8217?. It\u8217?s a really good way to deal with stress and to create mental space. It helps relieve the tension and uptightness in your mind and your body as well. Creating space is a very simple method. It\u8217?s not a Buddhist teaching or anything like that, but simply a technique we can apply to give ourselves space and freedom and relief from all our worrisome thoughts.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {How to create space? When you have a few minutes, look ahead of you and simply imagine that you are surrounded by empty space in all directions. If you can see the empty sky through a window then look at the sky, but if not that is fine. Just imagine space everywhere: no walls, no boundaries, no buildings, nothing. Don\u8217?t start thinking about work, family, things you need to do. Simply imagine that everything is just like the vast, open sky, like empty space, and let your mind blend into the space so that it becomes just as vast and open. You can close your eyes if that helps. Visualise this spaciousness for a short while. After a minute or two you\u8217?ll start to really feel spacious mentally. Your chest will open up and you\u8217?ll feel relieved of all those tensions and thoughts that were crowding in on you just a few minutes ago. Your mind opens up and then your way of thinking changes, just like that. It takes just five or ten minutes and is so easy\u8212?that is the magic of creating space. You don\u8217?t have to believe me. Try it for yourself and you will see.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {When you feel the spaciousness in your heart after doing this for a few minutes, maintain that and rest there. That is the crucial point. Then you can again think of the problems you were struggling with just a short moment ago and imagine them as a small bird flying around in the vast, open sky, which you are now in. You are looking down on this small bird. Because when you have this kind of spaciousness in your heart and mind, problems no longer seem as big as they did before. You have more mental space so that you can deal with them. You can do this anywhere at any time, whoever you may be. If you are in a meeting and getting very stressed, just go to the bathroom for a few minutes, sit down on the toilet and create space. Likewise, if your boss or spouse starts criticizing you or picking an argument, listen calmly to what they are saying but at the same time look at your mind and try to create space. I tell you, this will really help. You won\u8217?t get stressed and upset, so you won\u8217?t react straightaway with anger or emotions, and then you will be able to address the situation with a calm and clear mind. So create space. That\u8217?s the key; it is as simple as that.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {You don\u8217?t need high-tech meditation, medication, or therapy to gain this simple freedom. Simply by creating space for just a few minutes, you can free yourself from the stress, worry, and tension that drags you down and tires you out. Of course this is not the only method that can help do this and will not reduce all your disturbing emotions, but it is nevertheless an excellent method. Therefore, I like to call this the first key to happiness.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\iThe Second Key:{\line }Knowing Your Own Faults and Reducing Judgment}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {We all want to be happy, but what is our mind occupied with most of the time? Negative emotions, negative judgments, negative thoughts. Look at your own mind\u8212?how many negative emotions we have! Have you ever given this a moment\u8217?s thought?\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {When I first began meditation, my teacher told me, \u8220?If you want to do meditation you need to look at your mind and notice your own emotional patterns, how you think, how you react. As you go about your day, you need to check how you act, how you speak, what your face looks like when you\u8217?re emotional, and do this every day.\u8221? If we want to have peace of mind, some sense of ease\u8212?in short, if we want to be happy\u8212?first we need to check in with ourselves and see what is making us unhappy to begin with. And if we look honestly at ourselves, we can see that the real source of our unhappiness, our uneasiness, our dissatisfaction is our negative emotions and thought patterns. But just noticing this is not enough; we need to acknowledge the possibility for change, and then we need to know how to change. Creating space, as discussed above, can help to reduce stress and worry, but if we want to attain a lasting sense of happiness we need to go further than that and address the source of the problem.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {To do this, first of all you need to look at your mind. For example, I am very proud\u8212?or perhaps I should say that I was very proud in the past. I also had a very short temper and was very judgmental. So I had these three traits of being proud, short-tempered, and quick to make judgments. But if you ask me if I was happy at that time having those traits I would answer no. I would get easily pissed off with people if they did not treat me as well as I thought they should, and then I would judge them and feel resentful towards them for a long time to come. What was the use of this? Nothing. I suffered myself because of being like that and I also made others suffer by losing my temper and taking revenge on people I thought had wronged me. For years I did not even notice these faults, let alone realize how much trouble they were causing. We all have this problem to one extent or the other. You might have different emotions and faults, such as feeling very guilty and having low self-esteem, being very selfish, egotistical, or jealous, but the problem remains the same: not noticing and accepting your faults.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {So first you need to recognize your thought-patterns, your negative emotions and the way they arise, the way different feelings arise. Recognize, notice, but Don\u8217?t Judge. There\u8217?s a big difference between noticing and judging. Noticing is simply recognizing and becoming aware of something: \u8220?Oh, yes, I have a problem with jealousy.\u8221? But judgment goes a step too far and starts criticizing and torturing you: \u8220?Oh, yes, I have a problem with jealousy. Oh my God, I\u8217?m such a bad person. I can\u8217?t believe I made that mistake! Oh, I feel so awful. I can\u8217?t bear it!\u8221? Do you see the difference? Judgment has these emotional ties whereas noticing does not. So try to simply notice your faults and not judge, and then move on to trying to improve. Don\u8217?t dwell on your faults for too long; that will not help you at all.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {As I said, I used to be very short-tempered, proud, and judgmental. But thanks to my kind teachers\u8217? advice and a little bit of diligence on my part, I have managed to reduce those negative emotions and change the way I think and react quite a bit. Nevertheless, I am still quite egotistical. This is an important point, because emotions like anger, jealousy, and pride are easy to notice, but ego is not so easy to notice. Ego is really quite tricky.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Travelling to the United States with all its immigration and security check-ups in the airports has helped me a lot in terms of noticing my ego. Usually I travel wearing traditional Buddhist robes and most of the time when the immigration officers see me\u8212?this strange guy wearing some kind of religious clothes they have never seen before\u8212?they call me aside and order me to go to a separate area. Then a big man comes and tells me to put my hands up while he checks me. One time they {\ireally} searched me, every inch of my body, with my legs apart and everything. At first I felt very unhappy, because the whole process was holding me up, making me late, and I thought, \u8220?What\u8217?s going on here? I have human rights! Who do these people think they are?!\u8221? But then I noticed what and how I was thinking. My thoughts were actually the byproduct of my ego-clinging. There is nothing wrong with being checked by security\u8212?these people are just doing their job\u8212?but because of my ego I reacted and got annoyed. If I did not have so much ego-clinging, these kinds of things would not be a problem for me. So again, as the first step towards change I try to notice my ego, how it functions, and the problems it causes. Only then do I go a step further and apply an antidote, such as a particular kind of meditation.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {I have a friend in Nepal, who is a very good man, but quite short-tempered. One day he called me and said, \u8220?Guru, I am going to an anger management spa for one week. They\u8217?re going to give me different kinds of therapy and massage. I heard it really works! So I\u8217?m going now, but I will call you when I\u8217?m back.\u8221? A week later he called me and I invited him over for tea. \u8220?How do I look?\u8221? he asked. \u8220?Very healthy\u8221?, I said. \u8220?Very clean and relaxed.\u8221? Then he started telling me about his experience and how he really felt peaceful and calm. As we were talking, one of our young monks came in with tea for us, but when offering it to my friend he tripped and spilt some tea on my friend\u8217?s trousers. He shouted: \u8220?Hey! What are you doing? Look where you\u8217?re going!\u8221? Immediately his face changed\u8212?his soft, peaceful expression had given way to an ugly red scowl. I looked at him and said, \u8220?Hey, what is this? What\u8217?s happening to you now?\u8221?. He turned to look at me with a smiling face and said, "Yes, Guru?" as if nothing had happened. He did not see his own anger at all. I couldn\u8217?t believe it!\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Many of us have this problem: we cannot see and accept our own faults. We are very good at watching other people\u8217?s faults, but when it comes to our own we are hopeless. And even if we do sometimes see our own faults, we do not accept them as our own; immediately we blame something else\u8212?a person, a situation, our childhood and upbringing, whatever. Even if we can accept them most of the time we then go too far and start judging, which does not help and only sucks us into more negative feelings and thought patterns. That\u8217?s going too far, understand? We simply need to watch our minds and behaviour, see our faults, accept them, and then without falling into judgment tell ourselves, \u8220?Yes, okay. I have this problem and I need to change, so now I am going to start to change.\u8221? And that\u8217?s it. You move straight into the process of change, not into more negative emotions and torturing yourself.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Nowadays the problem is not that people are not doing dharma or other spiritual practice and trying to improve. The problem is that we do not notice and accept our own faults, so then of course we do not improve, no matter how hard we might try. It is a bit like taking medicine when you don\u8217?t even know what illness you have. So please give this a moment\u8217?s thought. Don\u8217?t be shy. Look honestly at yourself and acknowledge your own faults and mistakes. And if someone else points out your faults to you, don\u8217?t immediately go on the defensive. First ask yourself if what they are saying is true. If so, then apologise and do your best to improve in the future.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\ql{\b{\iThe Third Key: Compassion and Loving Kindness}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {The third key I would like to mention is the importance of compassion and loving kindness. Traditionally, the Buddha\u8217?s teaching defines compassion as the wish for beings to be free from suffering and the cause of suffering, and loving kindness as the wish for beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. But here I would like to discuss compassion as meaning more simply a basic understanding or empathy for others and loving kindness as meaning a good, kind heart.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Understanding is so important. For example, for a family to be happy and harmonious the parents need to understand their children, be able to see things from their point of view, and the children also need to understand their parents. All situations are like this\u8212?the office, other relationships and so on. We need to share with each other, get to know each other well, and learn to look at things from others\u8217? perspectives. We need to put ourselves in others' shoes. Do you think the person shouting at you is happy? Do you think he is enjoying that? No, he is upset, stressed, and angry, and later on he might regret what he is doing right now. Yes, many people make mistakes, but do you think they do so intentionally? Do you think they do so because they are happy? No. So try to understand that instead of just reacting with more anger and judgment from your side. If you can do that, you will feel compassion. You will be able to think, \u8220?Poor guy, he was so rude to me and so unreasonable. He must be really upset. He must be going through some terrible problems.\u8221?\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Another aspect of compassion is that if you come to understand your own problems and gain some freedom from them, naturally compassion towards others will arise. On the other hand, if you do not clearly see your own problems and know what suffering you have, then how can you have compassion for others? How can you wish others to be free from suffering that you do not even recognize clearly yourself? So first you need to see your own problem. How?\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Use the first key to create space and gain some freedom from your stress and the onslaught of thoughts. Then you can see what you are getting out from and the benefits of this\u8212?how you become happier. By doing this, you experience first-hand that there is an alternative to the endless stream of worrisome thoughts and emotions. So from just the first key, creating space, you could find yourself thinking, \u8220?Oh, my boss, the poor guy. If he knew this method he would be so much happier than he is now and not so short-tempered all the time.\u8221? You naturally gain this kind of genuine compassion to your boss, your family, and so on.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Similarly with loving kindness, once you experience the happiness gained through creating this space, noticing your own faults and reducing them, you will naturally wish others to experience this same happiness. When we focus more on others through compassion and loving kindness, we indirectly reduce the focus on ourselves, our ego, and as a result our minds become more and more relaxed. Our minds become more spacious, expansive, and intelligent.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {In Tibetan culture we have a habit of saying {\inyingje}, which means compassion, whenever we see someone suffering or unhappy, and also when we see people who are happy. Somehow just saying the word \u8216?compassion\u8217? helps train the mind in thinking compassionately, so it is a good habit to create.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {These three keys are something you can share with anyone and everyone. They are not religious and do not have much to do with any particular culture or school of thought; they are simply universal commonsense. So when you are at a party or spending time with friends, you can share these three simple keys with them. It will only benefit them, not harm them.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qc{\b{\iEight Keys to a Meaningful Life}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\~ {{\ql{\b{\iIntroduction}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {We are all human beings and we are all searching for the same thing: happiness and a meaningful life. Whoever we are\u8212?a mother, a father, a son or daughter, a businessman, an artist, a husband or wife, young or old\u8212?we all share this simple wish or goal. But how can we fulfill this wish? How can we reach this simple goal? These days all societies, whether in the West or East, are becoming increasingly developed, but at the same time increasingly complicated and busy, so that we get lost in the midst of the whirlwind of activity.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {So I\u8217?d like to share eight simple points that can help us lead a meaningful life\u8212?a happy, fulfilling life\u8212?and become real human beings who can benefit ourselves as well as others. These eight points or qualities are not specific to any one culture or creed, and though they are taught in detail in the Buddha\u8217?s teachings, many other spiritual and non-spiritual traditions also speak of them, because as you will see, they are simple common sense. Possessing these eight qualities will make our lives meaningful whichever walk of life we choose to tread, but if we lack any one of these qualities we will inevitably encounter problems of one sort or the other.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i1. Generosity}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {What is generosity? In Western culture there is the custom of taking gifts such as wine with you when you are invited to dinner or a special occasion, and when someone is sick you send them flowers and so on. In Asia, we usually give people money on these kinds of occasions. That is the custom. This kind of material generosity is very important, but generosity also relates to your time, support, and respect. If a friend is going through a difficult time\u8212?perhaps they have lost their job, are having family or financial troubles, or are simply feeling very downhearted\u8212?then give up some of your time to go and see them and talk to them. Lend them your support. If you see a beggar, give material support like food, blankets, or money. If you encounter a very stubborn, bossy person\u8212?maybe it\u8217?s even your boss\u8212?then give them your respect, since that is most likely what they want and need. All of these are giving, generosity.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Many of us are quite stingy, the opposite of generous, and spend more time and effort trying to hold on to what we have than giving. But think about this: stinginess and clinging actually cause us a lot of problems. They make us unhappy, prevent us from helping others, and can also make people lose their respect for us.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {When you give it is important to do so without hoping to get something in return. True generosity should not be like a business investment. Give happily and wholeheartedly, whatever the situation may be, be it family, business, or charity work. This is really important.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i2. Patience}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {So generosity is the first quality we should have. However, if I am generous but very short-tempered it will not be much use. No one will want to stick around me, because it will be so unpleasant for them. It is easy to see this in our day to day lives, right? So be patient, not short-tempered. But patience does not mean keeping your hatred locked up inside behind a smiling face. That might be good for the people around us, but it creates big problems for us. If we keep hatred in our hearts, it will slowly grow, like a small flame that grows into a blazing fire, until it ends up consuming us completely. So for our own sake, we should be truly patient from the bottom of our hearts. That will benefit both others and ourselves.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {I used to be really short-tempered and spiteful. I was a very bad person actually. I\u8217?m not beating myself up about it, but it is true. When I was young, I was so bitter that if someone wronged me I wouldn\u8217?t have any peace of mind until I had taken revenge. And when I got angry I would tear at my clothes and even punch the wall! As a teenager, I began to notice this problem and see how much trouble it was causing both me and others. So I focused on this fault of mine, applied different methods, and slowly, slowly I improved. Nowadays I hardly ever get angry, and even if I do it only stays for a minute or two. So what I mean to say is that if you have a problem with anger, or any other emotion, don\u8217?t think you cannot improve. You can improve. You can change.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {How? First, understand that anger is not going to solve the problem. Being angry will not undo any harm or mistakes that have been made. Being angry will not make you or others happy, nor will it bring you respect or power. So what\u8217?s the use of getting angry? Be patient. Then you will be clear-headed and able to make the best possible decision, and you and those around you will also suffer a lot less.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {I\u8217?d like to share a pith instruction about this. When you are patient, don\u8217?t think too much of it, thinking, \u8220?I am being so patient towards this colleague. She is really so trying, but I am being extremely patient. I am really doing her a favor,\u8221? because this kind of attitude could end up backfiring on you later on. When you are patient in this very conscientious way, with a strong notion of being patient, as if you are doing the other person a great favor, one day your patience will wear out and you will find yourself saying, \u8220?I\u8217?ve been so patient with you time and time again! But you don\u8217?t appreciate it at all! You\u8217?re so rude and ungrateful!\u8221? and then get angry about having been patient. This will only create more problems, so try not to fall into this.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i3. Discipline}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {But generosity and patience are still not enough. If you never notice your own problems and don\u8217?t make any effort to improve, whether those problems are emotional, physical, in your relationships or at work, you will continue to face them time and time again and things will only go downhill. So we need to get to know ourselves well. We need to look at our faults and accept them. This is such an important quality. In the buddhadharma, the Buddha\u8217?s teaching, we call this discipline. Most people think discipline means rules like \u8220?Do this. Don\u8217?t do that\u8221?, but the real discipline is noticing and accepting your own faults and mistakes.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Here\u8217?s something you can do: raise your index finger, point it at your face, and imagine that someone you really hate is pointing at you saying, \u8220?You\u8217?re a stingy, angry, short-tempered loser. You\u8217?re a liar!\u8221? Then watch your mind. Don\u8217?t immediately get angry or defensive. Think to yourself, \u8220?Is it true? Am I really stingy? Am I really angry and short-tempered?\u8221? Be honest with yourself. If we wait for other people to point out our faults to us, we will be waiting a long time. Even if people do point out our faults nicely or kindly, most of the time we immediately become defensive and deny them. And who is harmed by that? We are, because we are not going to improve. We will continue to create the same problems, the same difficulties for ourselves and others. So don\u8217?t wait for other people to point their fingers at you, but point your own finger at yourself and check which of these eight qualities you are lacking.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Another aspect of discipline is behaviour or ethics. If you act in a very strange, rude, or outrageous way people will not like that and you yourself probably will not be that happy. You might think, \u8220?I don\u8217?t care what others think or what they say. I\u8217?m going to do whatever I like,\u8221? and think that living like that is meaningful. On the other hand, there are others who are more careful about what they do and pay some attention to what others say and think, and for them that is a meaningful way of life. Ultimately of course, it\u8217?s up to you which way you choose, but it is worthwhile to give this a moment of thought.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {If you live according to the first idea, doing whatever you like, there will never be an end to it because you are just chasing after your desires and wishes without a second thought. Because our desires are endless, indulging in them will never lead to contentment. So it is important to think about how you behave, how you talk, and how you interact with others. Ethics here means behaving and speaking in an appropriate manner\u8212?speaking kindly, being polite, considerate, respectful, and so on. But this should not be superficial or two-faced. What you think, say, and actually do should be similar. Sometimes it is difficult to make them exactly the same, but try to make them at least similar. Without this simple kind of ethics, I honestly don\u8217?t think you will be able to lead a peaceful, meaningful life within society.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {So we need these two kinds of discipline: 1) noticing our own faults, but without judging ourselves, and 2) maintaining simple ethics.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i4. Diligence}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {These three are excellent qualities, but also not enough. If we are lazy, we will never accomplish anything, either in the mundane world or on the spiritual path. So we should be diligent, which means with a positive motivation doing something you enjoy that benefits yourself and others, such as your family and friends. This is so important, because when you do something you enjoy and see that it also benefits your family and others this will bring you real joy, a kind of inner joy that cannot be bought by all the money in the world.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Some people say that many people only do good deeds because of the happiness and satisfaction it brings them, so actually they are just as selfish as anyone else. You can say that if you like, but think carefully. Let\u8217?s say there are two people and each has $100,000. The first one decides to do something for others with his money, with a good motivation, a sincere wish to help, but also knowing that he\u8217?s going to feel happy about having done it. The second guy doesn\u8217?t give a single dollar away to others but keeps it all for himself. Yes, he lives very comfortably, but because of his selfish attitude he does not get any real, inner joy out of this. Who is the best off? The first guy.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {On a spiritual level, though, giving with a mindset that wishes to also gain some happiness or good feelings yourself is not genuine generosity, because you are grasping and hoping. On the spiritual level that is not okay, because the result of grasping is not positive at all, as we can see very clearly. So if you have embarked on a spiritual path that includes generosity and so on, it is vital to train in reference-free compassion.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Generally speaking, giving or doing any other positive act with a sincere wish to benefit others naturally makes you feel happy, but do not get attached to this feeling and begin doing good acts for that feeling alone.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i5. A Calm, Stable Mind}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {But again, we need more qualities. If we have all the above, but our minds are very unstable and unfocused, or if we are very nervous and fearful, things will be very difficult for us. These days, mental illnesses are becoming seemingly more and more widespread. No matter how much things improve externally, if the mind is unstable life becomes very difficult. I have been told that in the United Kingdom people are earning four times more than they did 50 years ago, but that they now have four times more cases of mental illness, such as depression, anxiety, and fear. These emotional problems are growing year by year in almost all parts of the world. Why is this? Because people\u8217?s minds have become so unstable, unfocused, and distracted that they get sucked in by feelings and changes, so much so that they become slaves to them.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {The best way to deal with this is to practice some simple meditation to regain control of your mind. You can practice focusing your mind on your breath, on a physical object you like to look at, or on a mental image\u8212?whatever is most comfortable for you. Creating space can also help a lot. You have to discover what works for you. Some people find that jogging or playing golf makes them very calm, but you cannot play golf all the time, so if you really want to gain some stability and independence of mind, you need to sit your bum down on the ground for a short while each day and train. Then you will slowly be able to make your mind calm, spacious, and open by yourself, without depending on other things. It becomes a little problematic to run out to the golf course every time you get stressed!\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {My teacher once said to me, \u8220?Rinpoche, you\u8217?re a monkey! Generally speaking you\u8217?re a very nice boy, but your mind is so jumpy that you\u8217?re like a monkey!\u8221? At first I was quite hurt when he said this, but then he told me I should meditate in order to tame my mind. So I began practicing as he taught and this has helped make my mind very calm, clear, and stable so that I am no longer sucked in by my feelings and external conditions.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i6. Intelligence, Clarity of Mind}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {So now, say I have become very generous, patient, diligent, disciplined (meaning I can see my own faults), and my mind is calm and stable, but I am not intelligent. I don\u8217?t think clearly. My mind is a blur. What quality do I lack? Genuine human intelligence. Actually, having the first five qualities will help you to develop clarity of mind and you will find that it comes quite naturally. This is the way these six qualities (or {\iparamitas} in Buddhist terms) function\u8212?the preceding one helps develop or support the next, so if you are very generous then discipline will come quite naturally for you, and so on.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {When I say intelligence here, I am not talking just about intellect, but about being able to see in all four directions from everyone\u8217?s perspective. If you only look out at the world from one small door, your own narrow perspective, then you will miss many things, but if you have this kind of broad, vast perspective and awareness then you will have a clear mind and be a genuinely smart person. You will be able to see things from everyone\u8217?s perspective\u8212?your mother\u8217?s perspective, your boss\u8217?s perspective, your employee\u8217?s perspective, your friend\u8217?s perspective\u8212?and then you will be a good person, a good leader, a good daughter, son, father, and so on. Buddha\u8217?s mind is like the sky. Our mind is like a small box, trapped in our small heads. If we can develop this kind of genuine intelligence, our minds will come out of this small box and expand and grow to become more like the Buddha\u8217?s sky-like mind.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {In Asian culture, we tend to live with our families all our lives and we\u8217?re always running into problems based on misunderstanding and debates, mostly about who is \u8216?right\u8217?. This comes from being narrow-minded and not seeing things from other people\u8217?s perspectives, so here as well this genuine intelligence can help us to live more happily and harmoniously with our families.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {When you encounter a problem and find that you cannot view the situation clearly, the first thing to do is relax. If you keep on pushing yourself to make a decision then and there, your mind will only become more and more blurred. So relax\u8212?just take a short time-out and maybe spend a few minutes creating space\u8212?and slowly clarity of mind will come. But don\u8217?t bring selfish ideas into the picture, which will shrink or narrow your perspective and make it more difficult to reach a good decision. So relax, rid yourself of selfish ideas, place all the different reasons and perspectives concerning the situation or problem in front of you, and then you will be able to make a good and fair decision.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Several years ago I went to Jackson Hole, a small cowboy town in Wyoming, USA, to teach and a friend took me to visit a local old folks\u8217? house. It was a very beautiful place, but as I was walking around, in one room I saw an old lady sitting there with tearful eyes. When I asked the nurse what had happened to her she told me that the old lady has just one daughter, but the daughter had not come to visit her for two years, not even on Christmas day. Why? Because the daughter has two dogs and says she cannot come because then there would be no one to look after the dogs. Imagine! You have a daughter who you love so much and have cared for so dearly, but she never even comes to see you in your old age. Why can\u8217?t the daughter understand that she\u8217?s making a big mistake? Because she can\u8217?t see things from her mother\u8217?s perspective. So you can see that we need this kind of intelligence in order to lead our lives in a meaningful way. These days you can go on the internet and buy some flowers for your parents or loved ones with the click of a button and at very little expense and have them sent off with a small note saying \u8220?I love you\u8221?. I understand that you might have a difficult time with your family sometimes, but why not do something simple and easy like this every now and then to let them know you love them and brighten their day?\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\ql{\b{\i7. Compassion and Caring}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Okay, so now you are generous, patient, disciplined, diligent, calm, and intelligent, but if you are not compassionate and caring then again you\u8217?re missing a crucial quality.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {What do we mean by compassion? Compassion is a very specific quality. It means to wish oneself and others to be free from their suffering {\iand the} {\icause} of that suffering. True compassion is not just intellectual understanding or a thought. We need to really feel what that person is going through, physically, mentally, emotionally. We should not get caught up in it, but we need to really understand, because only then will we feel real compassion in our hearts.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {What I mean by \u8216?caring\u8217? is wishing oneself and others to be happy and have the cause of happiness. In Buddhist terms, we would say loving kindness. This caring or loving kindness isn\u8217?t just affection. It is much deeper than that\u8212?the unconditional wish for everyone, including yourself, to be genuinely happy.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {This kind of unconditional caring and compassion will not come straightaway, but we can definitely develop it if we put our minds to it. First though, we need to know what the causes of suffering and happiness are. In a nutshell, the cause of all our suffering is selfishness\u8212?thinking of ourselves and our feelings as more important than others. This is what makes our lives so difficult. Likewise, gaining a little freedom from this selfishness and having a genuine wish to do something for others is the cause of real happiness.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {I\u8217?m going to say something a little strange now. In our modern 21{\superst} century culture, we like to say \u8216?I\u8217?, \u8216?me\u8217? a lot, right? One research study in the USA found that depressed people say \u8216?I\u8217? and \u8216?me\u8217? four times more than ordinary people. And that is just what they are saying verbally. We don\u8217?t say everything we think, so they could be thinking of \u8216?I\u8217? ten times more! So think about it. When we\u8217?re unhappy, how do we think? \u8220?{\iI\u8217?m} not happy. Those people are happier than {\ime}. {\iI} feel useless\u8230?.\u8221?. It\u8217?s very self-orientated. In fact, the more we think \u8216?I\u8217? the more we suffer. So how to get out of this habit? Notice and then create space.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Understanding how kind others have been to us, how much they have helped us, and how much effort they have put into things is a crucial part of compassion. We need to understand this in order to have compassion and caring. So do not take advantage of others, whoever they may be.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\ql{\b{\i8. Appreciation}}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Finally, and perhaps most importantly, to live a happy and meaningful life we absolutely need appreciation. Appreciation for the food we eat, the clothes and things we possess, the family and friends we have, and so on. And you need to realize or acknowledge that you are happy and actually quite okay\u8212?certainly a lot better off than millions of others\u8212?and appreciate your situation.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Some people think that if we became totally content, we would lack the drive to improve and social progress would drive to a halt. Certainly our lack of contentment has led to various sorts of \u8216?progress\u8217? or improvements to the material situation of human beings, but all the same if we remain constantly unsatisfied no matter how much we have and cannot appreciate the happiness and good things in our lives, we will be quite miserable. So whatever kind of life you lead, worldly or spiritual, you must have some contentment and appreciation.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qc {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw29\pich25 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}} \par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {These are the eight excellent qualities we should all try to have. If we want to lead a meaningful and happy life, whoever we are, whatever we do, we need all of these qualities. Just like keys that open the door to a brighter horizon, they will help us to live harmoniously with others and to be free of regrets. Missing just one of them is a problem.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Much more could be said about these qualities, but here I have explained them in a simple way so you can gain an initial understanding of them and begin to put them into practice, if you wish.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {To begin, first check for yourself whether you have these qualities or not. Look at yourself carefully and ask yourself, \u8220?Am I generous? Am I patient? No! I just shouted at someone\u8230?.\u8221? Find out which of these qualities you lack and then try to develop them. To give an example, if you have a headache and just hold a painkiller in your hand and think what a good medicine it is, it will not help you get rid of your headache. You need to actually take the medicine for it to help. In the same way, you need to look at yourself, be honest with yourself, and start slowly trying to develop the qualities you may lack and increase those you already have.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {It is effective to go through them one by one beginning with generosity. If you find it difficult to give, you can start by practicing passing something small from one hand to the other while imagining that you are giving it away. Then start being generous in small ways towards your family and good friends and gradually increase your scope.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Next is discipline or ethics. Again, begin with something small like thinking, \u8220?Okay, I\u8217?m going to talk to this person in this way today\u8212?politely, respectfully, and carefully. And I\u8217?m going to drink my tea in this way\u8221?, etc. Don\u8217?t start with big things straight away; go step by step.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {With patience, similarly start by practicing patience towards small problems, just one or two unpleasant words for example, and then slowly increase. Likewise, with diligence at first try to be diligent for a single day and then relax for a day and slowly build up.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {To develop a calm, stable mind, begin by just focusing on your breath for a minute or two before you start your work in the morning, and so on. In short, whatever you do, you need to train gradually and not try to go into full swing straight away. That will never work.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {This is how this simple advice will start to kick in.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qc {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw29\pich25 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}} \par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Here in this small booklet, I\u8217?ve explained two things: first of all, three keys to happiness and secondly, eight keys to a meaningful life. We should put them into practice in this order as well. Through the three keys to happiness, we ourselves will become calm, spacious, happy, and kind-hearted which form the base for taking the next step of further improving and developing our good qualities\u8212?the eight keys to a meaningful life.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {To begin with, you need to figure out how to make yourself happy\u8212?what kind of happiness it is that you actually need, what prevents you from being happy in that way, and how you can make yourself happy in that way, i.e. creating space, noticing your own faults (but not judging), and through loving kindness, caring, and compassion. Once you have this base of happiness and spaciousness yourself, you can then take the next step and start engaging in generosity, discipline and so on and through that your own happiness, as well as the happiness and well-being of those around you, will increase more and more.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Whatever path we\u8217?re following in life, spiritual or mundane, we need these qualities without a doubt. If you\u8217?re a spiritual person but you lack these qualities then what use is your spiritual path? But if you\u8217?re a non-believer or free thinker, you also need these qualities, because as a human being you also need to feel that you are living a happy and meaningful life. If you can\u8217?t make yourself happy, how on earth are you going to make others happy? If you\u8217?re so uptight and stressed, no matter what someone says you\u8217?ll hear it in a bad way. Why is it so important to be happy? Because the way we perceive the world, whether as good or bad, depends mainly on the state of our own minds.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {If you give this a moment\u8217?s thought, you\u8217?ll be able to see this quite clearly. For example, if you\u8217?re feeling very close-minded, uptight, and stressed then you will feel unhappy and as a result view the whole world as a terrible place and it\u8217?s likely you\u8217?ll make those around you miserable as well. On the other hand, when you\u8217?re feeling happy, grounded, and open-minded everything looks good. This is why it\u8217?s so important to first of all find happiness yourself and a sense of being open, spacious, and calm. This is why we need the first key, creating space, which forms the base for noticing your own faults, the second step, and then developing loving kindness and compassion. But these alone are not enough; on top of this we also need several basic human qualities, which is why we have the eight keys to a meaningful life.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qcOTHER TITLES{\line }{\iFROM}{\line } LHASEY LOTSAWA{\line } TRANSLATIONS & PUBLICATIONS{\line }{\line }\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\iA Glimpse of Buddhadharma}, by Phakchok Rinpoche\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\iA Glimpse of Mind Training}, by Phakchok Rinpoche\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\iThe Eightfold Supreme Path of Mind Training}, compiled by Phakchok Rinpoche\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} { {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw16\pich13 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{\iClarifying the Path, Remembering the Masters of the Past, Volume I}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {Three source books compiled for Phakchok Rinpoche\u8217?s Nine Yanas programs:\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} { {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw16\pich13 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\~\~ {\iThe Shravakayana}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} { {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw16\pich13 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\~\~ {\iThe Pratyekabuddhayana}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} { {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw16\pich13 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\~\~ {\iThe Bodhisattvayana}{\line }{\line }\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qcFor more information, please go to\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {{\qcwww.phakchokrinpoche.org/lhaseylotsawa\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {{\qc{\bCONTACT DETAILS}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\~ {{\qcRinpoche is based in Kathmandu, Nepal where he teaches to the local and international community and oversees several Buddhist and humanitarian projects. Rinpoche also teaches in S.E. Asia, the Americas, and Europe for several months each year. For Rinpoche's schedule and more information, please go to{\line }www.phakchokrinpoche.org.\par\pard\plain\hyphpar}\par\pard\plain\hyphpar} {\par\pard\hyphpar }{\page } {\qc {\*\shppict{\pict\jpegblip\picw454\pich650 ffd8ffe000104a46494600010100000100010000ffdb004300080606070605080707070909080a0c140d0c0b0b0c1912130f141d1a1f1e1d1a1c1c20242e2720222c231c1c2837292c30313434341f27393d38323c2e333432ffdb0043010909090c0b0c180d0d1832211c213232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232323232ffc0001108028a01c603012200021101031101ffc4001f0000010501010101010100000000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b5100002010303020403050504040000017d01020300041105122131410613516107227114328191a1082342b1c11552d1f02433627282090a161718191a25262728292a3435363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9aab2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9bac2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9cad2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9dae1e2e3e4e5e6e7e8e9eaf1f2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffc4001f0100030101010101010101010000000000000102030405060708090a0bffc400b51100020102040403040705040400010277000102031104052131061241510761711322328108144291a1b1c109233352f0156272d10a162434e125f11718191a262728292a35363738393a434445464748494a535455565758595a636465666768696a737475767778797a82838485868788898a92939495969798999aa2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9aab2b3b4b5b6b7b8b9bac2c3c4c5c6c7c8c9cad2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9dae2e3e4e5e6e7e8e9eaf2f3f4f5f6f7f8f9faffda000c03010002110311003f00cc66218f27ad1b8fa9fce861f3138a41f4afa33f3b1777a31cd303313ce7f3a7e46719e4d1819e281dec196047523d7346e607ef1a5c1fce83c51615c3273d4e683b82e734019c9c529cede680b829607a9269c59b3de900f9734e07b50214162412c722a404919cfeb4d50319f4a76ef6a068504e3a93464e3a9a0608f7a7061d3bd0086f2c3834e03e520e7f3a5079c638a50383ef4ae34848cb01d4fe069e18f3c9fce8840239cd4bb006ce282e3176220c580e4e29e3e5524e48a7119208c6da76d5db927f0a4d94a257138df8c9c5492b36dc86383da9044325b8a527a0c8a3412ba566570f21eae454ea0b01891b1f5a7f0ca4103eb48088883d453b8946db9138653cbd28dcc78634af286907439ed485c86248edda813b5c7323a8049e29a46e190dc7d69526c91dc76cd2baf39038cf6a07a3d50aa58038e7b7269c18eec1dbff007d5220f949e98a41261b2554d052d16a3803bb3db38eb4b215079efc75a88b92dc2e467b52bab329cae171d69582eada0b2ab61761f94f7cd40cccac073c7bd4292b899e3249c7463e94f2771e79cf7a68ce4eef41f24e7cac6d248ef9a45bafdc82246f6cf7a8a561123e32c0f4cd2226c846467039fad1615dee59493cd1b836467ae69cece42f24718eb4c8942c61b27af41d2a72c370cf719c5052d50a432a072e71d3ad3180c7cae7914ae188c8602a17674600b2e284549dba0c2db58fcc4e0d2a4bb9f05b9a7a841c96ebcf3514a1371c75ed8a666eeb52c9dc986278ed4a564660c8f8fc6ab42e72158e47ae6adf94339352f42e2efb11bab96c16c1ea49a946e45425be5ddc523a80bc2e78a846dc7271e98a1abab149f24ae7a4e9cc9fd99036f25760ce4f7c74a2d82acf7000c658150a38c6074fc6b8cd0f5236d7b89dd8c241001ed9aeba3b8b3bb9024326245190cbc115f2f5a94a8c9425bc76f356febe68fbdc2626189a7ed23b3dfc9a7fd7c8b8c5c104678a424f048c64d5782531ccf0cd312c1b7296e091daa7791101