keynote speaker – dr mark griffiths: the role of context in online gaming playing: implications...
Upload: interactive-technologies-and-games-education-health-and-disability
Post on 13-Jul-2015
343 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE ROLE OF CONTEXT IN ONLINE GAMING PLAYING:
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION, THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION, AND ADDICTION
Dr Mark GriffithsProfessor of Gambling Studies
International Gaming Research UnitNottingham Trent University
![Page 2: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BACKGROUND TO ISSUES
• Long history of using VGs in a therapeutic capacity
• However, VGs are often demonized and pathologized by the mass media in relation to excessive usage
• The role of context in VG playing is critical in distinguishing excessive gaming from addictive gaming.
![Page 3: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Argued that excessive gaming does not necessarily mean that a person is addicted
• The reinforcing properties of potentially addictive gaming can be harnessed in both educational and therapeutic contexts
• (e.g., skill development and learning, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, pain management, cognitive rehabilitation, etc.).
![Page 4: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
KEY QUESTIONS(Griffiths, 1998)
•What is addiction?
•Does video game addiction exist?
•If it exists what are people actually addicted to?
![Page 5: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TECHNOLOGICAL ADDICTIONS(Griffiths, 1995; 2008)
• Technological addictions are operationally defined as non-chemical (behavioural) addictions that involve excessive human-machine interaction
• Usually contain inducing and reinforcing features which may contribute to the promotion of addictive tendencies
• Feature all the core components of addiction
![Page 6: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ADDICTION COMPONENTSADDICTION COMPONENTS(Griffiths, 1995; 1996; 2005; 2009)(Griffiths, 1995; 1996; 2005; 2009)
•SalienceSalience
•Mood modificationMood modification
•ToleranceTolerance
•WithdrawalWithdrawal
•ConflictConflict
•RelapseRelapse
![Page 7: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
GENERIC FACTORS THAT MAKE VIDEO GAMES ATTRACTIVE TO PLAYERS
• Fun and exciting
• Motivating and stimulating
• Interactive
• Challenging and engaging
• Rewarding and reinforcing
• Mood modifying
• Provide novelty
• Skill enhancing
![Page 8: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GENERIC FACTORS THAT MAKE INTERNET ATTRACTIVE TO USERS
(Griffiths, 2003)
•Access
•Affordability
•Anonymity
•Convenience
•Disinhibition
•Escape
![Page 9: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
VIDEOGAMES: POSITIVE BENEFITSVIDEOGAMES: POSITIVE BENEFITS(DeFreitas & Griffiths, 2008; Griffiths, 2005; 2010)(DeFreitas & Griffiths, 2008; Griffiths, 2005; 2010)
• Educational benefitsEducational benefits
• Simulation/practice benefitsSimulation/practice benefits
• Perceptual-motor skills/hand-Perceptual-motor skills/hand-eye co-ordinationeye co-ordination
• Social benefitsSocial benefits
• Pain management, Pain management, physiotherapy, mental physiotherapy, mental distractiondistraction
• Cognitive rehabilitation Cognitive rehabilitation (strokes and attention (strokes and attention difficulties)difficulties)
• Psychotherapy/behaviour Psychotherapy/behaviour management in childrenmanagement in children
![Page 10: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THERAPEUTIC, MEDICAL AND HEALTH THERAPEUTIC, MEDICAL AND HEALTH USES OF VIDEOGAMES USES OF VIDEOGAMES
(Griffiths, 2004; 2005; 2009)(Griffiths, 2004; 2005; 2009)
• VGs as painkillersVGs as painkillers
• VGs in psychotherapeutic VGs in psychotherapeutic settingssettings
• VGs in cognitive VGs in cognitive rehabilitationrehabilitation
• VGs in educative health care
• VGs for the learning disabled
• VGs for ‘exergaming’
• VG therapy for ADD/impulsivity
• VG therapy for anxiety (VRET)
• VG therapy for the elderly
![Page 11: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VIDEOGAMES AS DISTRACTORS
• Studies show cognitive distraction may block the perception of pain.
• Distractor tasks consume some degree of the attentional capacity otherwise devoted to pain perception.
• VGs likely to engage a person’s active attention because of the cognitive and motor activity required.
• VGs allow possibility of sustained achievement due to level of difficulty (challenge) during extended play.
![Page 12: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ANALGESIC EFFECT OF VIDEOGAMESANALGESIC EFFECT OF VIDEOGAMES(Griffiths, Kuss & Ortiz de Gortari, 2012)(Griffiths, Kuss & Ortiz de Gortari, 2012)
• VGs have been used as a form of physiotherapy/occupational therapy in many different groups:
• Increase strength in arm, hand and finger injuries/rheumatology
• Respiratory muscle training aid for young patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
• Movement aid for cerebral palsy
• Postural stability and balance
• Increase strength for wheelchair users
• Upper-limb physiotherapy for burns victims
• Sitting tolerance for lower back pain
• Scratch prevention for neurodermatitis
![Page 13: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CONCLUSIONS
• Video game addiction Video game addiction appears to exist (depending appears to exist (depending upon addiction criteria upon addiction criteria used)used)
• ‘‘Addictive’ components of Addictive’ components of VG playing can be VG playing can be harnessed for educational harnessed for educational and therapeutic potentialand therapeutic potential
• There has been considerable success when games are specifically designed to address a specific problem or to teach a certain skill.
![Page 14: Keynote speaker – Dr Mark Griffiths: The role of context in online gaming playing: Implications for education, therapeutic intervention, and addiction](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55a399a31a28abda3d8b4669/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• An activity cannot be described as an addiction if there are few (or no) negative consequences in the player’s life.
• Gaming addiction should be characterized by the extent to which excessive gaming impacts negatively on other areas of the gamers’ lives rather than the amount of time spent playing.