key terminology definition topic: context revision

Key terminology Definition

Patriarch Male head of a family

Imperatives Words that make commands

Infatuation Intense but short-lived passion for someone

Shakespearean

sonnet

14 lines in iambic pentameter made of 3 quatrains of alternate

rhyme with a rhyming couplet serving as a Volta to end

Prose Written or spoken language in its most common form

Blank verse Poetic prose that doesn’t rhyme and is usually written in iambic pentameter

Chorus single character who, as developed in Greek drama, acts as a

narrator commenting on the plot and themes

Antithesis Rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.

Juxtaposition Two things placed close together with contrasting effect.

Motif Recurring image or idea

Symbolism Use of something to represent a particular idea

, inarticulate

Key Character Adjectives Definitions Quotations

Romeo Chivalrous / Gallant Behaves in a courteous, charming manner, especially towards women

“Did my heart love till now?” “Oh, I am fortune’s fool!” “Is it e’en so? Then I defy you, stars!” “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!”

Impetuously callow Acting quickly and thoughtlessly due to immaturity

Fickle Someone who changes their mind/ behaviour frequently

Juliet Precociously independent Someone who behaves in a more mature way for their age

“O swear not by the moon” “My bounty is as boundless as the sea” “O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” “My only love sprung from my only hate!”

Shrewdly critical Sharp and perceptive powers of judgement

Prudently cautious Showing care and thought for the future

Friar Lawrence Pragmatic Someone who creates practical solutions to problems “These violent delights have violent ends” “Virtue itself turns vice being misapplied…” Compassionate Someone who cares for and supports others

Mercutio Audaciously provocative Behaves outrageously and offensively “A plague on both your houses!” “I see Queen Mab hath been with you” Unworldly/ Surreal Bizarre in an almost supernatural sense

Lord Capulet Tyrannically autocratic Someone who exercises absolute power in a cruel way “Let two more summers wither in their pride…” “Hang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch!” Irascible Short-tempered/ hot-headed

Tybalt Belligerent/ Antagonistic Overtly aggressive “Fetch me my rapier, boy”

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Romeo and Juliet Topic:

Revision Sequence - Context - Themes - Characters - Practise essays

Unseen Literature Mocks

Key Themes

Love (romantic/ family/ sexualised)

Conflict (family/ inner/ violent)

Fate

Gender

Honour

Law and order (social, religious, civil)

Context

First performed 1595

Elizabethan Era (1558-1603)

Patriarchal society

- Great Chain of Being

Eight stages of courtly love

Chivalry

Duelling


Protagonist Main character in a work of literature

Stage Directions The intentions of the playwright for the performance

Benefactor Person who gives money and/or support to someone else in need

Dramatic Irony When the audience knows what the characters do not

Humility Behaving with modesty

Stereotype Widely held but overly simplified view of a particular type of person

Stave Title given to chapters to reflect how it is like a song (carol)

Clerk An administrate assistant in an office

Pauper Someone who is extremely impoverished (poor)

Slum Overcrowded, squalid area where paupers live

Ignorance Lack of knowledge or information

Corruption Dishonest abuse of power

Redemption The act of being saved from sin or evil

Injustice Something that is unfair

TEXCEL TOPIC-EVIDENCE-EXPLAIN-CONNOTATIONS-EXPLAIN-LINK

, inarticulate

Key Character Adjectives Definitions Key quotations

The Inspector - Symbolises the viewpoint of

Priestley; Is a metaphorical vehicle for his views.

Enigmatic Difficult or impossible to explain. “One Eva Smith has gone - but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths” “if men will not learn that lesson, they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish”

Persistent Continuing to do something despite obstacles.

Moral Concerned with the principles of right and wrong.

Arthur Birling - Symbolises the selfish factory

owners that subjugate their employees.

Modest Being unassuming about your own importance. “Unsinkable. Absolutely unsinkable.” “a hard-headed, practical man of business” “a man has to make his own way—has to look after himself”

Humble Being modest about your own abilities.

Munificent Someone who is very generous.

Sheila Birling - Symbolises the perceptive youth

that is able to learn and change.

Perceptive Showing insight. “But these girls aren’t cheap labour- they’re people.” "he's giving us the rope - so that we'll hang ourselves"

Compassionate Showing sympathy and concern for others

Empathetic Understanding of others’ and their own circumstances.

Eric Birling - An over entitled drunken youth

who learns the error of his ways.

Awkward Causing uneasy embarrassment. "Oh - my God! - how stupid it all is!" "I'm ashamed of you." "Why shouldn't they try for higher wages?"

Contrite Feels sorry for their previous behaviour.

Mrs Birling – An upper class snob Snob Exaggerated respect for people with wealth.

Eva Smith – Symbolises the downtrodden Downtrodden Oppressed or treated badly.

Subject: English Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Topic: An Inspector Calls Topic:

Key Themes

Wealth /Injustice Redemption Responsibility/blame

Class/gender

Context

Author – J.B Priestley

WW1 (play set in 1912)

The Common Wealth

Party

The Titanic

Women were subservient

to men

Strong distinction

between classes




Dramatic foil Character created to be the opposite/contrast of another

Stereotype Accepted but simplified belief about something

Motif Recurring idea or image e.g. Marilyn Monroe

Tragedy Play with an upsetting ending

Comic relief A funny scene meant to make the audience laugh

Prologue Introduction spoken by the narrator

Omniscient narrator Narrator who knows everything

Soliloquy Speech by the character spoken to the audience

Dramatic irony When the audience knows something characters don’t

Foreshadowing Warning of future events

Standard English Grammatically accurate English

Slang Informal, colloquial language

Cyclical structure Play begins with ending , inarticulate


Mrs. Johnstone - Symbolises the vulnerable

working class single mother

Impulsive Acts without thinking “Oh God, Mrs. Lyons, never put new shoes on a table” “You never, ever learn/ That nothing’s yours/ On easy terms.” “I couldn’t afford to keep both of you” “He told me I was sexier than Marilyn Monroe” “Tell me it’s not true”

Compassionate Cares for others

Generous Willing to share

Superstitious Believes in luck and omens

Lenient Relaxed about discipline

Mrs. Lyons - Symbolises the selfish

middle class

Pampered Well looked after and spoilt “You do know what they say about twins, secretly parted?” “Witch. I curse you. Witch!” “He’ll always remember you…I never made him mine” “You see why I don’t want you mixing with boys like that!” “You’ll be locked up, you sold your baby.”

Dependent Relies on others for support

Inconsiderate Doesn’t think about others’ feelings

Manipulative Uses other people to get her own way

Overprotective Worries excessively about Edward

Mickey - Symbolises disadvantaged

working class child

Rambunctious Very boisterous “Do you wanna be my blood brother Eddie?” “But you’re still a kid. An’ I wish I could be as well Eddie” “I didn’t sort anything Linda. Not a job, not a house, nothing”

Ill-educated Has poor literacy and numeracy

Impressionable Easily influenced by others

Edward - Symbolises carefree middle

class child

Gullible Easily believes what he is told “it’s a secret, everybody has secrets, don’t they?” “If I was him, if I was him, that’s what I’d do” “Why…why is a job so important?”

Naïve Inexperienced

Courageous Brave and fearless

Linda Feisty Lively and courageous “Oh leave him alone you. Y’ big worm!”

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Blood Brothers Revision Topic: Revision

1. Context and plot 2. Characters 3. Themes 4. Essay practice

Key Themes

Social class and education Childhood and adolescence Superstition and fate

Nature vs. nurture

Context

Author – Willy Russell (born 1947)

• Working class from Liverpool

• Left school at 15 to be hairdresser

• Back in school at 20 to be teacher

• Loves pop music

Play finished 1981 when Thatcher PM

Economic downturn and unemployment

Key terminology Definition Key terminology Definition

Alliteration The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words

Personification Giving an object or thing human characteristics

Assonance The repetition of a vowel sound in the middle of a word e.g. “the merciless iced east winds that knive us”

Pathetic fallacy Use of weather to represent human emotions or the mood of a text

Colloquial Casual, conversational language, sometimes including slang

Sensory imagery Where language is used to evoke the five senses

Cliché A word or saying used so often that it has lost its impact or effect e.g. “like a kid in a candy shop”

Sibilance Repetition of the ‘s’ sound in a group of closely connected words

Emotive language

Language which evokes an emotional response

Synaesthesia The overlapping and blending of senses e.g. ‘he has a soft smile’ or ‘she has a fiery voice’

Extended metaphor

A comparison which runs throughout a text and is described extensively

Simile Comparing two or more objects with words ‘like’ or ‘as’

Imagery Visually descriptive or figurative language Repetition Repeating words to add emphasis

Irony The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally means the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

Flash-forward/ Flashback

Change in structure which shows future/past events

Metaphor Comparison of two things. States one thing is or acts as another without using words ‘like’ or ‘as’

Cyclical narrative Narrative that comes full circle and ends similarly to the beginning

Hyperbole Language used to deliberately exaggerate for emphasis

Simple sentence Sentence composed of one main clause with a subject and a verb

Onomatopoeia Words which sound like t e effect they describe e.g. ‘splash, slap, crack’

Complex sentence

Two or more clauses with a subordinate clause

Oxymoron Two words placed together with differing meanings to create a new meaning

Minor sentence Standalone Word, phrase or clause

Verb Word that describes an action Adjective Word that describes a noun

Noun Person, place, object Abstract noun Thoughts and feelings

Adverb Word that describes a verb, often end in ‘ly’ Participle Verb used as an adjective

, inarticulate

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Fiction, language paper 1

Evaluative vocabulary:

Troubled Optimistic

Melancholic Wistful

Eerie Haunting

Sarcastic Soothing

Sensual Brutal

Vivid Threatening

Distressing Bewildered

Intoxicating Content

Violent Hopeful

Futile Satisfied

Non-fiction text types:

❖ Newspaper article or

report (tabloid and

broadsheet)

❖ Diary or memoir

❖ Letter (Persuade,

complain, advise)

❖ Account

❖ Blog

❖ Speech

❖ Travel writing

❖ Biographies

Key vocabulary Definition Context French revolution 1789-1799 Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1840 Georgian period 1714 - 1837 Victorian Era 1837 – 1901 The Great War 1914-1918 World War 2 – 1939 – 1945

Romanticism - 18th – 19th centuries

Corruption Dishonest abuse of power

Sublime Terrifyingly beautiful and powerful

Manifestation A version or representation of something or someone

Oppression Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment

Patriarchal System controlled by men

Empathy To understand and share the feelings of another Themes

• Power of humans

• Power of Nature

• Reality of War

• Identity

• Effects of Conflict

• Loss and Absence

Patriotism Vigorous support for one's country

Nostalgia A sentimental longing for the past

Tyranny Cruel and oppressive rule


Shakespearean Sonnet

14 lines in iambic pentameter made of 3 quatrains of alternate rhyme with a rhyming couplet serving as a Volta to end

Half rhyme Stressed syllables of ending consonants match but preceding vowel sounds do not

Iambic pentameter A line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable

Direct Address Speaking directly to the audience, often using 2nd person narrative i.e ‘You need to listen!’

Onomatopoeia Words which sound like the effect they describe “splash, slap, crack”

Imperatives Command words

Rhythm Organisation of words to create a noticeable sound or pace, with a clear ‘beat’. Often measured in syllables.

Metrical Foot A group of 2 or 3 syllables

Enjambment A sentence or on-going piece of text carried over verses or stanzas to continue the spoken effect without pause.

Hexameter A line of verse with six metrical feet

Caesura A punctuated break between words within a line of poetry

Dactylic Dimeter Two metrical feet in a line that have three syllables instead of two: the first stressed and the following two unstressed


Refrain Repeated line or phrase in a poem

Free verse Poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular rhythm.

Cacophony a harsh discordant mixture of sounds.

Rhyming couplet A rhyming pair of successive lines of verse, typically of the same length. E.g. AABB

Dramatic monologue

Poem in the form of a speech of an imagined narrator

, inarticulate

Subject: English Year: 11 Term: Autumn 2 Topic: Anthology Poetry Topic:

Poems:

1. Ozymandias (Shelley)

2. London (Blake)

3. Extract from, The

Prelude (Wordsworth)

4. My Last Duchess

(Browning)

5. The Charge of the

Light Brigade

(Tennyson)

6. Exposure (Owen)

7. Storm on the Island

(Heaney)

8. Bayonet Charge

(Hughes)

9. Remains (Armitage)

10. Poppies (Weir)

11. War Photographer

(Duffy)

12. Tissue (Dharker)

13. The Emigrée (Rumens)

14. Checking Out Me

History (Agard)

15. Kamikaze (Garland)


Caper Ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement

Juggernaut Massive inexorable (cannot be stopped) force

Fiend Cruel, wicked and inhuman person

Troglodyte Someone who lives in a cave

Apocryphal Of questionable authenticity (could be fake)

Protégé Someone who gets support from an influential benefactor

Savage Opposite of civilised: fierce and violent

Abominable unequivocally detestable (hated without doubt)

Besiege harass with questions or requests

Disquietude feelings of anxiety that make you tense or irritable

Epistolary narrative Narrative written as a series of documents e.g. letters

Ambiguous Without obvious meaning, open to more than one interpretation

Pathetic fallacy Weather and nature reflect the mood

Animalistic imagery Descriptive vocabulary associated with animals

Semantic field Group of related words

, inarticulate


Dr. Jekyll - Represents the ego (mediates between what

the id wants and what is socially acceptable)

Duplicitous Someone who deceives others “looking deadly sick” “large, well-made, smooth-faced” “man is not truly one but truly two” “slyish cast perhaps”

Conniving Plans to do something immoral

Genteel Polite and respectable

Civilised Good-mannered and well-educated

Mr. Hyde - Represents the id (primitive animal instinct

dictated by basic desires)

Depraved Morally corrupt/ wicked “pale and dwarfish” “ape-like fury” “like some damned juggernaut” “trampled calmly” “carrying it off, sir, really like Satan”

Grotesque Extremely ugly

Diabolical Shares the devil’s qualities

Barbaric Savagely cruel

Feral Wild and unpredictable

Mr. Utterson - Plays the role of the detective and

represents the viewpoint of the reader

Scrupulous Not respectful of religious practice “austere with himself” “I am ashamed of my long tongue” “If he be Mr. Hyde…I shall be Mr. Seek”

Disciplined Strong desire for revenge

Rational Wicked/ evil

Dr. Lanyon - The respectable scientist

Principled Behaves according to strong moral “unscientific balderdash” “he began to go wrong, wrong in the mind” Loyal Consistently supportive of friends

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Jekyll and Hyde Topic:

Key Themes

Duality Science vs. religion Gothic/ supernatural Reputation Violence/ crime

Context

Written 1886

Darwin’s Origin of Species

(1859)

Freud’s psychoanalytic

theory (1923)

Jack the Ripper (1888)

Stevenson’s Calvinist

upbringing



Subject: English Language Year: 11 Term: Summer Topic: Revision Topic: Language Paper 1 timings 1 hour 45 minutes Section A (Reading) 5 minutes reading Q1 – 5 minutes (4 marks) Q2 – 10 minutes (8 marks) Q3 – 10 minutes (8 marks) A4 – 25 minutes (20 marks) Section B (Writing) Q5 – 45 minutes (40 marks) 5 minutes proof reading whole paper

Questions (fiction) 1 – Information 2 – Language 3 – Structure 4 – Evaluate 5 – Describe/narrate

Key terminology

Minor sentence One word or phrase Chronological order Events in time order

Simple sentence One main clause First person narrative Told from a character’s perspective

Complex sentence At least one subordinate clause Third person narrative Voice of person outside the story

Subordinate clause Extra information about main clause

Tone Mood created by the writer

TEKCEL

T echnique

E vidence

K ey word/s

C onnotations

E ffect on the

reader

L ink to next point

ROW of

CLONES

R epetition

O pening

W here

of

C haracters

L inks

O rder of events

N arrative voice

E nding

S entences

5 Ws & 1 H

W ho is telling the story?

W here is it happening?

W hen it is happening?

W hat is happening? (beginning, middle,

end)

H ow is it told? (dialogue, description,

sentences)

Why is this feature interesting?

P E E

P oint

E vidence

E ffect

Q2 – TEXCEL

Q3 – PEE; ROW of CLONES; 5 Ws & 1 H

Q4 – TEXCEL

Q5 – MOSS WRAPS

MOSS WRAPS

M etaphor

O nomatopoeia

S imiles

S enses

W eather

R epetition

A lliteration

P ersonification

S entences

Key phrases

The writer uses…

, which

suggests/implies/illus

trates that…

This creates a sense

of…

This might make the

reader feel…

This

increases/decreases

tension for the

reader because…

This is interesting to

the reader because…

At this point in the

text the mood/focus

changes from…to…

Perhaps/maybe the

writer has done this

in order to…

Key tips

• Highlight/annotate

• Be specific

• Repeat key words

• Best vocabulary


Questions (non-fiction) 1 – Information 2 – Comparison 3 – Language 4 – Compare 5 – Persuade

Key terminology

noun person, place, thing pronoun Refers to person/thing (I, you, he, she, it)

adjective Describes a noun Semantic field Group of related words

verb An action (doing word) juxtaposition Contrasting ideas

Adverb Describes a verb Imagery Figurative language e.g. simile, metaphor

TEKCEL

T echnique

E vidence

K ey word/s

C onnotations

E ffect on the reader

L ink to next point

FANBOYS

F or

A nd

N or

B ut

O r

Y et

S o

AFOREST

A lliteration

F acts

O pinion

R hetorical questions/Repetition

E motive language

S tatistics

T hree (rule of)

P E E

P oint

E vidence

E ffect

Q2 – PEE

Q3 – TEXCEL

Q4 – TEXCEL

Q5 – AFOREST; THIN FREDS

THIN FREDS

T herefore

H owever

I ndeed

N evertheless

F urthermore

R elating to

E ven so

D espite

S ubsequently

Key phrases

The main

difference/similarity

between the texts

is…

This is

similar/different to

source A/B because…

In source A the

writer creates a

sense of…whereas in

source B…

This writer’s

viewpoint is…

In contrast…

On the other hand…

Likewise…

Similarly…

Key tips


• Be specific


• Best vocabulary


Questions (non-fiction) 1 – Information 2 – Comparison 3 – Language 4 – Compare 5 – Persuade

Key terminology

noun person, place, thing pronoun Refers to person/thing (I, you, he, she, it)

adjective Describes a noun Semantic field Group of related words

verb An action (doing word) juxtaposition Contrasting ideas

Adverb Describes a verb Imagery Figurative language e.g. simile, metaphor

TEKCEL

T echnique

E vidence

K ey word/s

C onnotations

E ffect on the reader

L ink to next point

FANBOYS

F or

A nd

N or

B ut

O r

Y et

S o

AFOREST

A lliteration

F acts

O pinion

R hetorical questions/Repetition

E motive language

S tatistics

T hree (rule of)

P E E

P oint

E vidence

E ffect

Q2 – PEE

Q3 – TEKCEL

Q4 – TEKCEL

Q5 – AFOREST; THIN FREDS

THIN FREDS

T herefore

H owever

I ndeed

N evertheless

F urthermore

R elating to

E ven so

D espite

S ubsequently

Key phrases

The main

difference/similarity

between the texts

is…

This is

similar/different to

source A/B because…

In source A the

writer creates a

sense of…whereas in

source B…

This writer’s

viewpoint is…

In contrast…

On the other hand…

Likewise…

Similarly…

Key tips


• Be specific


• Best vocabulary


Emphasis Stress given to a word or words when speaking to indicate particular importance.

Tone The feeling you give when writing or speaking.

Organisation The action of organizing a speech into a coherent and purposeful order.


Gesture A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.


Motivation Providing an enthusiastic and stimulating argument which sets out the reasons why

Anecdote Personal experience

Negotiation Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement Colloquial Informal, conversational language

Logic Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

Pun Comic play on words

AFORREST Alliteration – Fact – Onomatopoeia – Rhetorical Question Repetition – Emotive Language – Statistics - Triplets

First person personal pronouns

I.e. ‘we’ and ‘our’ used to engage the reader by involving them in the text.

Tabloid newspaper

More basic sensationalised and hyperbolised language

Impersonal constructions

Use of determiner ‘it’ rather than personal pronouns to give a sense of logic to the argument.

Broadsheet newspaper

More formal and sophisticated use of language

Diction Refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.


Appeals to logos Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing facts and statistics.

Jargon Special words or phrases belonging to a particular profession

Appeals to pathos

Language that attempts to influence the listener or reader by appealing to emotion.

Analogy To draw a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect.

Appeals to ethos Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing a figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise.

, inarticulate

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Language Paper 2 revision

The Six Laws of Influence:

• The Law of Scarcity

• The Law of Reciprocity

• The Law of Authority

• The Law of Similarity

• The Law of Social

Proof

• The Law of

Commitment and

Consistency

Non-fiction text types:


report (tabloid and

broadsheet)

❖ Diary or memoir


complain, advise)

❖ Account

❖ Blog

❖ Speech

❖ Travel writing

❖ Biographies


Emphasis Stress given to a word or words when speaking to indicate particular importance.

Tone The feeling you give when writing or speaking.

Organisation The action of organizing a speech into a coherent and purposeful order.


Gesture A movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning.


Motivation Providing an enthusiastic and stimulating argument which sets out the reasons why

Anecdote Personal experience

Negotiation Discussion aimed at reaching an agreement Colloquial Informal, conversational language

Logic Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

Pun Comic play on words

AFORREST Alliteration – Fact – Onomatopoeia – Rhetorical Question Repetition – Emotive Language – Statistics - Triplets

First person personal pronouns

I.e. ‘we’ and ‘our’ used to engage the reader by involving them in the text.

Tabloid newspaper

More basic sensationalised and hyperbolised language

Impersonal constructions

Use of determiner ‘it’ rather than personal pronouns to give a sense of logic to the argument.

Broadsheet newspaper

More formal and sophisticated use of language

Diction Refers to the writer's or the speaker's distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.


Appeals to logos Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing facts and statistics.

Jargon Special words or phrases belonging to a particular profession

Appeals to pathos

Language that attempts to influence the listener or reader by appealing to emotion.

Analogy To draw a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect.

Appeals to ethos Improving the truth/value of an assertion by referencing a figure of authority, knowledge, or expertise.

, inarticulate

Subject: English Year: 11 Topic: Language Paper 2 revision

The Six Laws of Influence:

• The Law of Scarcity

• The Law of

Reciprocity

• The Law of Authority

• The Law of Similarity

• The Law of Social

Proof

• The Law of

Commitment and

Consistency Non-fiction text types:


report (tabloid and

broadsheet)

❖ Diary or memoir


complain, advise)

❖ Account

❖ Blog

❖ Speech

❖ Travel writing

❖ Biographies

key terminology definition topic: context revision

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