kees de jong senior teacher anatomy ... - plastination.org tol… · basic principles of sheet...

Anatomy & Embryology

Kees de Jong

Senior teacher Anatomy & Embryology

Academic Medical Center

dept. of Anatomy & Embryology,

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

plastinator since 1991


Basic principles of sheet plastination:

1 cutting/sawing

2 fixation

3 dehydration

4 impregnation

5 curing


deli slicer for soft tissues,

specimen preferabel embedded in gelatine

slicing


specimen containing

bone:

deepfrozen, sliced with

a band-saw

slicing


when embalmed specimen are used

before starting dehydration:

remove unwanted chemicals from the specimen:

glycols, glycerin: submerge in ethanol 50%

for 1 week, repeat once

slicing


ethanol, (long) alcohols, formalin:

rinse in running tap water for a few days

(depending on the size of the specimen)

when embalmed specimen are used

before starting dehydration:

remove unwanted chemicals from the specimen:

slicing


glycols & glycerin act as anti-freeze, so freezing

prior to sawing has to be done at a low temperature

slicing


specimen are placed in a polystyrene box

slicing


kept in place by wooden sticks and submerged

in water, then deep-frozen

slicing


and sawed at the desired thickness, preferred 3 mm.

slicing


how to set the desired thickness??

slicing


slicing


cleaning the section from sawdust

slicing


slicing


acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

acetone

slicing


slicing


specimen

formaline fixed embalmed

dehydrationremoval of

glycerine, phenol, etc.

dehydration

dehydration


removal of glycerine, phenol, etc.

dehydration


10-30°

dehydration


dehydration


refresh the ethanol after 1 week

rinse in running tapwater

immerse in ethanol 50% for another week,

move every day

dehydration


Monitoring of the rate of

dehydration

dehydration


measurement of the rate of dehydration

=

measurement of specific weight of the

dehydration bath

dehydration


acetone specific weight= 0.8

water specific weight= 1.0

ethanol specific weight= 0.8

acetone

water

sw = 0.9

= 50%

mix

dehydration


acetone

ethanolmix

sw = 0.8

≠100%

dehydration

acetone specific weight= 0.8

water specific weight= 1.0

ethanol specific weight= 0.8


so, rinse specimens with ethanol

in running tapwater until ethanol is

replaced with water

then start dehydration

dehydration

Anatomy & Embryologyacetone : specimen’s water = 10 : 1

acetone 100%

acetone

water

dehydration


acetone 90%

water 10%

acetone 90%

water 10%

repeat the procedure

dehydration

Anatomy & Embryologyacetone : specimen’s water = 10 : 1

acetone 100%

acetone

water

dehydration


acetone 99%

water 1%

acetone 99%

water 1%

repeat untill acetone is >98,5%

dehydration


best performed with cold acetone (-25º C)

1 pre-cool specimen to 5º C

2 keep specimen completely submerged

to prevent air drying

freeze substitution

dehydration


impregnation

Impregnation of polyester:

1 is performed at room temperature

2 vacuum is increased quick (< 1day)

3 vacuum is not deeper than 15 mm Hg.


Lower pressure will extract styrene molecules from

the polyester impregnation bath, resulting in:

improper impregnation and curing;

damaging the vacuumpump


impregnation


impregnation

When bubbles stop rising, impregnation is complete.

Depending on the amount of specimen this will take

1 – 3 days.


QUESTIONS???

kees de jong senior teacher anatomy ... - plastination.org tol… · basic principles of sheet...

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