kap. 12 – the devil is in the details

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Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details How Information Technology Is Conquering the World: Workplace, Private Life, and Society Professor Kai A. Olsen, Universitetet i Bergen og Høgskolen i Molde – i samarbeid med Chief Information Officer (CIO) og professor Jim G. Williams.

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Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details. How Information Technology Is Conquering the World: Workplace, Private Life, and Society Professor Kai A. Olsen, Universitetet i Bergen og Høgskolen i Molde – i samarbeid med Chief Information Officer (CIO) og professor Jim G. Williams. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kap. 12 –The Devil Is in the Details

How Information Technology Is Conquering the World:

Workplace, Private Life, and Society

Professor Kai A. Olsen, Universitetet i Bergen og Høgskolen i Molde – i samarbeid med Chief Information Officer (CIO) og professor Jim G. Williams.

Page 2: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 2

Telekommunikasjonsindustrien

Deregulering av telekommunikasjons-industrien i USA i 1996

Hensikt: Åpne for nye aktører Mer konkurranse Lavere priser Flere produkter Utnytte ny teknologi (IP-

telefoni, mobil…) Også deregulering av fly,

tog, bussruter, kraft-levering…

Page 3: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 3

Konkurranse

Page 4: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 4

Deregulering

Page 5: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 5

1996

De tradisjonelle selskapene ble tvunget til å åpne sin infrastruktur for nykommere: Linjer Sentraler Programvare

En initial suksess, mange nye selskaper kom på kort tid

Senere viste det seg at dette ikke var så enkelt.

Page 6: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 6

Problemer

Operations and Support Systems (OSS): Registrere nye kunder Sette opp samtaler Fordele inntekter mellom

aktører Svært komplisert Skapte problemer for de

nye aktørene

Page 7: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 7

Ikke enkelt

I år 2000 var det mer enn 700 nye teleselskap i USA

90 % av alle måtte gi opp.

En fikk ikke det konkuranseutsatte markedet en hadde bedt om.

Page 8: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 8

Telekommunikasjon spesielt vanskelig

Basert på en teknologi som ble oppfunnet for 150 år siden

Dominert av store aktører i 130 år

Mesteparten av infrastrukturen er lagt ned over lang tid, til en meget stor kostnad.

Forskningsdrevet, hard konkurranse fra nye løsninger (dataoverføring, streaming, IP telefoni, Skype, WattsApp, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram…)

Page 9: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 9

Krevende tjenester

Mens et nytt flyselskap kan nøye seg med å trafikkere noen få strekninger, må teleselskapet akseptere at kundene ringer til hele verden

Teleselskapet må operere under et strengt regelverk (nødsamtaler m.m.)

Det krever samarbeid også med konkurrenter

Mange standarder, store avvik fra standarden

Komplekse prisfastsettings-systemer (verre i USA enn i Norge)

Page 10: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 10

Forutsetter

Gode backoffice systemer De finnes ikke Krever stor egeninnsats for

å få selv ferdige systemer til å virke

Krever høy egenkompetanse

Vi skal se på en case, et CLEC (Competitive local exchange carrier)

Page 11: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 11

Case: BroadStreet Communication

Et eksempel på et teknologisk oppstartfirma

Et amerikansk firma som forsøkte å utnytte deregulering i telesektoren

Hadde over en milliard norske kroner i oppstartkapital

Merk at dette firmaet hadde som idé å tilby sin egen teknologi (som Tele2 og Netcom, men ikke som Chess, Ludo, Talkmore… som er rene salgskontor)

Her skal vi se på alt fra forretningsidé, teknologi og tekniske løsninger.

Her presentert av Jim Williams som var CIO (Chief Information Officer) for firmaet

For en mer generell beskrivelse se kap. 12 i læreboken.

Page 12: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 12

Broadstreet - Business Plan

What Offerings (services, products)? Who and Where are the customers? Who and Where is the competition? How will the services be delivered? What technologies can be utilized? What is the cost of Selling and delivering

service? What resources are required to deliver and

support the services?

Page 13: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 13

The Business Plan

What system architecture is required?What processes, functions, procedures,

etc. are needed?What are the capacities and volumes of

the resources needed?What Financial Resources are Needed?The Economic Model

Page 14: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 14

Company Background

Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC)/(Telephone Company)

3 Venture Capitalists - $62 Million1 Finance Company - $120 Million16 markets (cities) East Coast USA8 FoundersEstimated 400 employees

Page 15: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 15

Company Background

Broadband Services to Businesses Small to Medium (6 – 50 employees) Underserved Market by ILECS

DSL (Digital subscriber line) to the Premise (datalinje til kunden, VoIP…)

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) backbone (tradisjonell telelinje, VoATM)

All Digital Packet Switched Network to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

Offices in each city fully staffed Sales (15), Customer Care(3), Technicians(3) Management, etc. (4)

Page 16: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 16

Technology Architecture

LSO with a 720 Port DSLAM

(Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer)

4 – 16 port IAD atCustomer Premise

Local LoopILEC Central Office

Telephone

Fax

PC/ Hub/ Router

45 – 155 Mbps

PSAXATM

Router

ATM

Digital SwitchPathstar/5-ESS

Springtide Router

1Central Office per market

Internet

PSTN

911 Center

Voice

Data

GR303

LSO

ILEC Central Office

NOCNetwork Alarms and

SNMP Packets

Other MarketPSAX

NOC Data

Page 17: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 17

Services

Voice Services Local Long Distance Voice Mail Features (Call Forward, Caller ID, etc.) PBX and Keyset Support Calling Cards

Data Services Internet Access (386 kbps to 2.3 mbps) VPN Email Web Hosting

Page 18: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 18

Other Players

ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) Own local loops Own Telephone Numbers Own the Customer

IXC – Interexchange Carriers (Long Distance) ITC – Independent Telephone Companies 911 Caller ID, Ported Numbers

Page 19: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 19

New York State LATAs

                                                                                            

LATA - Local access and transport area (US inndeling i teledistrikt)

Page 20: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 20

Svært komplisert

Registrering av kunderOppsetting av samtaler mellom mange

aktørerKompleks prissettingKompleks fordeling av inntekter (mellom

leverandører)Vi skal se på noe av denne

kompleksiteten (detaljene her er ikke pensum)

Page 21: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

21

CLEC TO BA (ILEC) LOCAL Fra nytt firma til eksisterende firma lokale samtaler.

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

BA

EO

Usage Billing Concept• Reciprocal Compensation

BA Bills CLEC - Usage• Local charges for MOUs TANDEM

or END OFFICE

Factors Exchange RequiredCLEC to BA• PLU Factor

Record Exchange Required NONE

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

or

BA Bills CLEC - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility or Cross ConnectDirect Trunked Transport (DT)• Entrance Facility or Cross Connect• Channel Milage (EO to EO)

TST

DT

Page 22: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

22

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

BA

EO

Usage Billing Concept• Switched Access

BA Bills CLEC - Usage Tandem Connection• Local Switching• Tandem Switching• Tandem Transport

• Fixed• Per Mile

• RIC• CCL End Office Connection• Local Switching• RIC• CCL

Factors Exchange Required CLEC to BA• PLU Factor

Record Exchange Required NONE

or

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

TST

DT

BA Bills CLEC - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility or Cross ConnectDirect Trunked Transport (DT)• Entrance Facility or Cross Connect• Channel Milage (EO to EO)

CLEC TO BA (ILEC) INTRA LATA TOLL Fra nytt firma til eksisterende mellom teleområder (LATA)

Page 23: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

23

BA (ILEC) TO CLEC LOCALFra eksisterende til nytt – lokale samtaler.

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

BA

EO

Usage Billing Concept• Reciprocal Compensation

CLEC Bills BA - Usage• Local Termination charges for MOUs in accordance with CLEC tariff/agreement.

Factors Exchange Required BA TO CLEC• PLU Factor

Record Exchange Required NONE

or

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

TST

DT

CLEC Bills BA - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility Direct Trunked Transport (DT)• Entrance Facility

Page 24: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

24

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

BA

EO

Usage Billing Concept• Switched Access

CLEC Bills BA - Usage• Switched Access Charges for MOUs in accordance with CLEC Tariff/Agreement.

Factors Exchange Required BA to CLEC• PLU Factor

Record Exchange Required NONE

or

TST

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

DT

CLEC Bills BA - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility Direct Trunked Transport (DT)• Entrance Facility

BA (ILEC) TO CLEC INTRA LATA TOLLFra eksisterende til nytt mellom områder (LATA)

Page 25: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

25

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

Usage Billing Concept• Switched Access• Meet Point Billing• Multiple Bill/Multiple Tariff

BA Bills IXC - Usage• Tandem Switching• Portion of Transport CLEC Bills IXC - Usage• Switched Access Charges for MOUs in accordance with CLEC tariff/agreement.

CLEC Bills BA - Usage• Not Applicable

Factors Exchange RequiredIXC to CLEC - FGD Factors

Record Exchange RequiredCLEC makes originatingrecordCLEC to BA• EMR 115002 •(Exchange Message Record)

IXC SUBTENDINGOZZ/CIC FGD/B (Group)

BA Bills CLEC - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility or Cross Connect

CLEC TO AN IXC (ATT, MCI, SPRINT)Fra nytt til langdistanse-selskap.

Page 26: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

26

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

Factors Exchange RequiredIXC to CLEC - FGD Factors

Usage Billing Concept• Switched Access • Meet Point Billing• Multiple Bill/Multiple Tariff

BA Bills IXC - Usage• Tandem Switching• Portion of Transport

CLEC Bills IXC - Usage• Switched Access Charges for MOUs in accordance with CLEC tariff/agreement.

CLEC Bills BA - Usage• Not Applicable

Record Exchange RequiredBA to CLEC• EMR 110101 (Exchange Message Record)CLEC to BA• EMR 115002

FGD/BIXC SUBTENDING

OZZ/CIC

BA Bills CLEC - FacilitiesTandem Switched Transport (TST)• Entrance Facility or Cross Connect

IXC TO A CLECFra langdistanseselskap til nytt.

Page 27: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

27

Call Direction

CLEC

EO

CLEC

EO

Factors Exchange Required

Record Exchange Required11-01-01 to NYSPNYSP bills OriginatingCLEC for Transit ServiceCharges

BA Bills Originating CLEC - Usage• Transit Service Charges• Recovery of Local Termination charges for MOUs paid by BA to Terminating CLEC.

Terminating CLEC Bills BA - Usage• Local Termination charges for MOUs in accordance with Terminating CLEC tariff/agreement

Usage Billing Concept• Transit Service

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

(Originating) (Terminating)

CLEC TO CLEC LOCALFra nytt til nytt lokalsamtaler.

Page 28: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

28

Call Direction

ITC

EO

CLEC

EO

Factors Exchange RequiredNONE

Record Exchange Required• BA to ITC- 110101• ITC to BA- 115002

LOCAL/TOLL TRUNKS

ITC subtends a BA Access Tandem

FGC-LIKE TRUNKS

MP

CLEC TO ITC LOCAL/INTRA LATAFra nytt til langdistanseselskap lokalt eller innen området (LATA)

Usage Billing Concept• Transit Service• Meet Point Billing

BA Bills CLEC - Usage• Tandem Switching• Tandem Transport - Fixed - Per mile from SWC to MP

Independent Bills CLEC - Usage• Charges for MOUs in accordance with tariff/agreement.

CLEC and Independentmust have billing agreement.

Page 29: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 29

Internet, Intranet,Extranet

Pre-SaleSystem

(BroadStreet)

Order Management

System(Arbor/OM)

Provisioning(Dset, BA)

Billing(Arbor/BP)

FinancialAccounting

System

Payroll(Payroll One)

Human ResourceSystem

(Employease)

Web Site

E911,PIC/CARE

Number PortabilityOther Interfaces

(Arbor/BP)

CustomerCare

(Arbor/BP)

Help DeskTrouble Ticket

(Remedy)

System Components

Page 30: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 30

Build or Buy Decision

Time to Build vs. Time to Implement Cost to Build vs. Buy Cost Maintenance/Support CostsInternal Resources to OperateControl over ChangesQuality of SupportFunctionalityOpenness to Integration

Page 31: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 31

Arbor/BPCustomer Care

CustomerInquiry

CustomerAccount

Maintenance

Pre-SaleSystem

Analysis

Prospects, LSOs, Employees,Inventory, Maps, Regulatory,

Competition, etc.

Financial Accounting

System

GL, AR, AP, Assets,Purchasing, etc.

ILEC, IXCRevenue and Payments

ServicesRatesDiscountsFormats

Arbor//BPBilling

Payroll

Human Resources

Sales SystemOrder Data

Arbor/OM

InstallationConfiguration

ProvisionE-Bonding

ILECs, CLECS,IXCs

Contract, Letter

NotificationsCustomer,Sales

CustomerUsage

ILEC, IXC

BillDatsSoftware

Databases

CustomerIntelligence

Commissions

NetworkMonitoring

FaultManagement

Arbor/OMRemedy

Trouble Ticket

MaintenanceTools

LoopCare

Charges,Inventory,Times

Back Office System Flow03/16/2000

Page 32: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 32

SUN SOLARIS O.S.

OM Arbor/BP

BillDatsSybase DB

Presale & Sales

ILEC Provisioning ILEC & Quintessent

Network Fault Management (NFM)

HPUX O.S. LoopCare

Windows 2000 O.S.

Remedy Help Desk

Remedy Trouble Ticketing

Financial & Asset Management

Web Server (IIS)

Mail Server (Exchange)

Trading PartnersSystem Interface (EDI,

CORBA)

Desktop Applications

GIS System

BroadStreet Employees

BroadStreet Customers

Public

Validation Quintessent

Oracle DBMS

Informix DBMS

Oracle DBMS

Web Server

iPlanet

DSL line Qualification

Software Architecture

SQLServer

Page 33: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 33

BackOffice Support Architecture

Windows 2000 Servers

Web Server Mail Server

Remedy Help Desk

FinancialsDesk Top

Apps

E911

Internet Intranet Extranet

Arbor/OM and Arbor/BP Servers

Ordering and Provisioning Data Capture

GatewayServer

Oracle DBMS

Customer Care

Order EntryProduct

Configuration

ILEC/LSR PIC/Care Pre-Order

Journals

Payments

Invoicing NOC andProvisioning

Servers

Oracle DBMS NFMLoopCare

Navis

Remedy TroubleTicket

CajunView

Remote NetworkDevices

LNP

LIDB

Sprint Mgt

911 ServiceRequests

MediationServers

ILECsVerizon, Etc.

5ESSSwitches

MSAGData Updates

InventoryIPs, Tele No.IADs, Stinger

Circuits

SprintLD

3COMMessaging

CMDS

SQL Server DBMS

DBMS

Page 34: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 34

Critical Factors for Success

In real estate the 3 critical factors are:Location, Location, and Location

In Telecommunications the 3 critical factors are:Execute, Execute, and Execute

Page 35: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 35

Issues

Many standard systems were inadequate

Sales Force Automation on Laptops was hard to control (Sales People)

Marketing was constantly dreaming up new plans

Electronic Billing format standards were not followed by the ILECS and IXCs.

ILECS were not very cooperative

Page 36: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 36

Konkurranseutsetting

Deregulering fører ikke nødvendigvis til en god konkurransesituasjon

Selv om en med telekommunikasjon forsøkte å imøtekomme alle krav fikk en ikke den konkurransen en håpet på. Kompleksiteten i å sette opp samtaler og i betalingssystemene gjorde det vanskelig for nye aktører

I andre sektorer kan en møte andre problemer: For få aktører (ferge, jernbane og Hurtigrute i Norge) Samarbeid mellom aktører (asfalt m.m.) For store samfunnsmessige konsekvenser ved å miste

aktører (bank og forsikring) Problemet er kanskje at bedriftene ikke er interessert i

konkurranse.

Page 37: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 37

Konklusjon

En mengde detaljer kan drepe et datasystem, et prosjekt eller en foretningsidè.

I vårt eksempel var problemet svak standardisering i infrastrukturen og en mangel på adekvat (standardisert) programvare.

Ellers er suksessen til et prosjekt ofte avhengig av at vi kan sette realistiske mål

og unngå ”nice-to-have” funksjoner. Dvs. at vi konsentrere oss kun om det viktigste (i hvertfall i første fase).

Page 38: Kap. 12 – The Devil Is in the Details

Kai A. Olsen, 21.04.23 38

Felles prosjekt: Et universitetssystem

La oss anta at universitetsledelsen vil ha et system som: Lager timeplan ut fra søkning til fag Unngår kollisjoner og fordeler forelesningene for

hver student jevnt over hele arbeidsuken Fordeler fag på rom, ut fra kravene fra hver enkelt

foreleser Slik at rommene er utnyttet best mulig, og slik at

studentene har muligheter for å komme fra en forelesning til den neste innen 15 minutter

Er dette greit å få til? Ved UiB? Ved Høgskolen i Molde?

Vil det være enklere ved et nytt universitet?