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KAIVALYADHAMA S.M.Y.M. SAMITI, GORDHANDAS SEKSARIA COLLEGE OF YOGA & CULTURAL SYNTHESIS
(Recognized by the Ministry of Education, Government of India as an All India Institute of Higher Education (Since 1962) Grant in Aid by Ministry of HRD, Government of India and Department of Higher & Technical Education Govt. of Maharashtra)
(UPDATED SYLLABUS FOR ALL YOGA COURSES JULY 4, 2015 ONWARDS)
Swami Kuvalayananda Marg, Kaivalyadhama, Lonavla. Dist.-Pune- 410403, Email- [email protected], Pls. log on to www.kdham.comPhone- 02114-273001, 273039, Fax No. 02114-271983
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN YOGA EDUCATION
(P.G.D.Y.Ed)
I PAPER: PATANJALA YOGA SUTRA(P.Y.S.) 62 Lectures UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Dip. I
Introduction
Concept of Yoga Introduction of Yoga
11 Hrs.
Meaning &Definition of Yoga
Darshan Indian philosophy Orthodox and Heterodox
Sankhya Evolution theory of Sankhya Satkaryavada
Relation Sankhya & Patanjala Yoga Sutra
Patanjala Yoga Sutra Traditional commentaries Other related commentaries
Concept of Chitta
Structure of Chitta
16 Hrs.
Chittabhumis Chittavrittis Nirodhopaya- Abhyasa
Concept of Ishvara Practice of Ishvarapranidhana Chittavikshepas ( antarayas) Methods for Chittaprasadana
Concept of Samadhi Samprajnata, Asamprajnata, Samapatti, Nirbija Samadhi
Conceptual Understanding of
Sadhanapada
Kriyayoga Concept and practices of Kriya Yoga
15 Hrs.
Kleshas Concept of Kleshas and their remedy Chaturvyuha Heya ,Heyahetu ,Han and Hanaopay Yoga-anga-abhyasa Concept and practice Yoga-anga-anushthana Concept and practice Viveka-khyati Concept and practice Ritambhara-prajna Concept and practice Saptabhumi-prajna Concept and practice
Concept & Practice of Eight-Fold Path
Yamas Concept and Practice
20 Hrs.
Niyama Concept and Practice Asanas Concept and Practice Pranayama Concept and Practice Pratyahara Concept and Practice Dharana Concept and Practice Dhyana Concept and Practice Samadhi Concept and Practice Samyama Concept and Practice Patanjala Yoga Sadhana Concept and Practice
62 Hrs.
II PAPER: YOGIC TEXTS (62 Lecture) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Dip. II
Introduction and Pre-requisites
Concept of Yoga Definitions
4 Hrs. Schools of Yoga
Hath Yoga 1.Tradition
2 Hrs. 2.Brief Introduction 3.Eminent Hathayogis of Nath Cult
Important Hathayoga Texts & their salient features
Siddha-siddhanta Paddhati
4 Hrs. Goraksha Shataka Shiva Samhita Hathapradipika Gheranda Samhita
Concepts for Yoga Practitioners Ideal place,
2 Hrs. Ideal hut Types of Aspirants
Sadhaka (Facilitating ) Concept of Mitahara
3 Hrs. Concept of Pathya Concept of Apathya
Badhaka ( Obstructing Factors) Concept of Badhaka Factors
Asannas & Shodhan Kriyas in Yoga
Asana
Antiquity
4 Hrs. Definitions Classification Hathaapradipika Gheranda Samhita
Cleansing processes
Importance
5 Hrs. Shuddhi kriya Pancha Karma Hathapradipika Gheranda Samhita
Pranayama / Kumbhaka and Bandhas
Pranayama
Evolution
17 Hrs.
Components Importance of three bandhas& Its appropriate applications. Yukta- Ayukta Concepts in Hathayoga 1.Kanda and Nadi 2.NadiShodhana Pranayama 1.Hathapradipika 2.Gheranda Samhita
Eight Kumbhakas
Hathaprdipika
7 Hrs.
Gheranda Samhita Special studies 1.Suryabhedana 2.Ujjayi 3.Bhramari 4.Bhastrikaand 5.Keval / kevali
Kundalini & Mudra,Dharana/ Dhyana Concept of Kundalini Concept of kundalini and its arousal
4 Hrs. Nadanusandhana,Svarodaya-YOGA & Mudra Importance and purpose of Mudras Mudras in Hathapradipika Mudras in Gherand Smhita
Concept Dharana Dharana in hathayoga
10 Hrs.
Five Dharanas Concept of Pratyahara Concept of Marmasthanas Dhyana with special reference to Gheranda Samhita Concept Dhyana Concept and technique of Samadhi in Gheranda Samhita Nadanusandhana Concept of Nadanusandhana stages of Nadanusandhana
Shiva Svarodaya Importance of Svarodaya Jnana in with special reference to Shiva Svarodaya
Relevance of svara jnana in health and disease.
III PAPER: CULTURAL SYNTHESIS AND VALUE EDUCATION (62 Lecture) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Dip. III Yoga and Culture
Yoga and Culture
Various Definitions
20 Hrs.
Understanding Civilization Relation: Culture and Civilization Yoga , Culture and Humanitarianism
Yoga and Indian Culture Culture- Indian and Western- a brief introduction Salient features of Indian Culture Indian Culture and Yoga
Dip. III Yoga and Philosophy
Yoga and Philosophy Introduction to Philosophy-Indian and Western
20 Hrs.
Characteristics Indian Philosophy
Yoga and Philosophy : Shad Darsahnas Brief Introduction of Six Darsahnas Samkhya and Yoga- Concept of soul, bondage and Liberation. Role of Yoga in Indian Philosophy
Yoga and Modern Indian Yogis- their contribution in the field of Yoga
Sri Aurobindo- contribution in the field of Yoga. Swami Vivekananda-contribution in the field of Yoga. Swami Kuvalayananda-contribution in the field of Yoga.
Religion Concept of religion: meaning and Significance
Diversity in Religion
Yoga and Buddhism Yoga and Islam Yoga and Christianity
Mysticism Yoga & Mysticism
Dip. III Yoga and Value Education Yoga and Value Education
Concept of Value- nature and role
22 Hrs.
Classification of Values Indian traditional classification of Values- Purushartha and Panchakosha Values and Education Rationale of Value Education Meaning of Value Education Aims and Objectives of Value Education Content of Value Education Role of teacher in Value Education Methods of Value Education Yoga as a Method of Value Education-
Contribution of Ashtanga Yoga With reference to Yama and Niyama
Contribution of Hathayoga with ref. to a few asanas Contribution of Kriyayoga- Tapa, Swadhyay,
and Ishwerpranidhan towards Value Education
IV PAPER: STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BODY & EFFECTS OF YOGA PRACTICES ON IT (No. of Lecture:62) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
DIP-IV
Introduction to Anatomy and physiology
Meaning of the subject
Meaning of the basic terms
Importance of the subject
Yoga in view of anatomy and physiology
Digestive system
Anatomy of the digestive organs
4 Hrs. Physiology of digestion.
Factors affecting digestion
Concept of yogic diet
Comparisonwith modern science.
Respiratory system
Anatomy of the respiratory organs.
6 Hrs. Mechanism of ventilation.
Regulation of respiration
Lung capacity and related terms
Importance of respiratory muscles.
Circulatory system
Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels
3 Hrs. Physiology of circulation.
concept of blood pressure
Factors affecting blood pressure.
Unit-2
Muscular system
Functions and properties of muscles
7 Hrs. Types of muscles.
Types of stretching and contraction.
Anatomy of regional muscles
Types of movements.
Skeletal system
Functions, properties of bones
4 Hrs. Types of bones and joints
Anatomy of Vertebral column
Anatomy of thoracic cage and pelvis.
Urogenital system
Anatomy of urinary system
2 Hrs. Physiology of urine formation and excretion
Anatomy of genital system.
Physiology of menstruation
Factors affecting menstruation.
Neuro-endocrine system
Anatomy of nervous system.
2 Hrs. Physiology of brain functioning.
Anatomy of endocrine glands
Neuroendocrine axis.
Unit-3
Yama- Niyama-scientific view
Concept of yama
1 Hrs. concept of niyama
Cultivation of correct psychological attitude
Psychophysical reconditioning.
Asana-scientific view
Physiology of asana.
10 Hrs. Types of asana
Explanation of fundamental asanas
Precautions during asanas.
Pranayama-mudra- scientific view
Psychophysiological effect of pranayama.
8 Hrs. Types of pranayama
Advancement in pranayama
Importance of mudra.
Kriya- scientific view
Importance of kriya.
5 Hrs. Physiology of each kriya.
Precautions during kriya.
Researches in kaivalyadhama about kriya.
Pratyahara and meditation- scientific view
Concept of pratyahara.
3 Hrs. meaning of dharana-dhyana
Research in meditation
Techniques about meditation.
Nadi-chakra concept.
Concept of nadi.
3 Hrs. Unit-4 Concept of chakras
Concept of prana.
References about awakening-traditional
Scientific interpretation and its limitations
Samadhi and klesha (health and disease) Cortico-limbic balance
1 Hrs. Limbico-endocrine balance
Endocrine-metabolic balance
DIP-IV
Intracellular balance
Meaning of klesha and Antaraya.
Injuries due to faulty yogic practices.
Meaning of yoga injury
2 Hrs. Causes of injuries
Some common injuries during asana
Some common injuries during pranayama
Some common injuries in kriya
Unit-5 Physiology of Stress
Physiology of stress.
4 Hrs. Understanding concept of Stress
Understanding of Vishada Yoga
Stress and its Yogic Approach
62 Hrs.
DIP-IV
YOGA & MENTAL HEALTH (62 LECTURE) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Dip.V
i. Need of “Yoga & Mental Healtth” in the context of Yoga Psychology
Need of Yoga & “Mental Health” in the context of Darshanas
17 Hrs.
Introduction to Psychology: Its origin, history
Similarities and dissimilarities between the
1.Science of Yoga
& 2.Modern Psychology
Need &Scope : Holistic Health through Yoga 7 Psychology
Ii. Psychology & Yoga
Psychological definition of Yoga: Its advantages & limitations
Definition of Health: Mental Health, Total Health; psychological(qualitative aspect)& Yogic perspectives of Health (Patanjala Yoga Sutra, Bhagwat Gita& other Upanishads)
Definition of Mental Hygiene &Total Hygiene
Concept of Normality ii.TacklingAbnormality through yoga as therapy
Normality in Yoga and Psychology
12 Hrs.
Theories and models in Psychology
Existential abnormalities / disorders: i.Freudian approach ii. Patanjala Yoga Sutra approach iii. Hatha Yogaapproach
Normality, Abnormality: Psychological & Yogic Views
Basic Principles of Yoga as therapy as per Patanjala Yoga Sutra
Causes and rremedial measures on all existential Disorders as per Patanjala Yoga Sutra
Remedial measures on all existential Disorders: i.Laghu Yoga Vasishtha and ii.Hathapradipika
Personality Integration through psychology & Yoga
Personality Development in Psychology & in Yoga
10 Hrs. Personality Integration Developmentof Modern theories of personality (nature &nurture)
Indian approach to personality and personality integration in the context of Triguna, Panca Kosha&Citta bhumi
Psycho-Social Implications of yoga
i.Adjustment through Attitude Change ii. Adjustment through tackling Conflict & Frustration
Personal and interpersonal adjustment through yogic methods
08 Hrs.
1.Niyamas & Yamas Attitude change towards Yoga through individualized counseling,
Psychological & yogic methods Tackling ill effects of conflict and Frustration throughYogic methods Counseling for Adjustment: Psychological, philosophical and
yogic
Synthesis between psychology and yoga towards a total Personality Development
Stress
Concept of Stress: Modern Psychological
15 Hrs.
Stress Management
Stress Management Methods in Modern Psychology & in Yoga A brief account of psycho-physiological and Attitude Forming Methods in Patanjala Yoga Sutra, Bhagwat Gita& other Upanishadsuseful for Stress Mnagement
Yogic Life Style Yogic Life Style for Self Development: Practical Methods in Yoga
Stress Management Yogic Life Style &
Prayer
Prayer: a cross–cultural approach: Psychological perspectives of Prayer for Mental (emotional) &Spiritual Development
Prayer for a Total Self Development Psychological reasoning of prayer
Benefits of prayer for i. The Yoga Sadhaka ii. The Common Man
Total Lectures 62 Hrs.
PRACTICAL YOGA and Practice Teaching (D.Y.Ed.) ( 700 Hrs.)
Besides the above mentioned theory, subjects and practicals, students will also be taught the art of teaching Yoga. Since Yoga is a specialized field, the method of its teaching is also unique. Kalvalyadhama has evolved special methods of teaching yoga hence the subject. This has been further divided into Theroy and Practical Teaching. Unit 1 Introduction: need of practice teaching and its use in yogic practice. Yoga and Yogic practices. Unit 2 Meaning and Scope of Teaching Methods. Sources of Teaching Methods. Presentation techniques: its meaning and relevance in yoga education. Unit 3 Teaching aids: its meaning and need upto the modern time power point! Class management: its meaning and need. Unit 4 Lesson plan: meaning and need. Preparation of lesson plan in yogic practice. Time allotment in different lesson plans& its importance. Lesson presentation.
PRACTICAL YOGA
Shavasana Shrishasana Crocodile Practices ( Four variations ) Pavanmuktasana Naukasana Viparitakarani Sarvangasana Matsyasana Halasana Karnapidasana Bhujangasana Shalabhasana Sarpasana Dhanurasana Vakrasana Ardha-Matsyendrasana Paschimatanasana Supta Vajrasana Yoga Mudra Simhasana Gomukhasana Matsyendrasana Mayurasana Kukkutasana Uttana Kurmasana Ushtrasana Gorakshasana Padma - Bakasana Baddha -padmasana Akarmadhanurasana Ugrasana Parvatasana Janushriasana Tolangulasana Muktasana Virasana
Natarajasana Vatayanasana Garudasana Shirh-padangusthasana Vajrasana Padmasana Siddhasana Swastikasana Shavasana Makarasana Brahmamudra B.PRANAYAMA 1.Anuloma-viloma 2.Ujjayi 3.Shitali 4.Sitkari 5.Bhastrika 6.Bhramari 7.Suryabhedana 8.Chandrabhedana 9.Murccha (Theory only) 10.Plavini (Theory only) C.BANDHAS AND MUDRAS 1.Jalandhara Bandha 2.Uddiyana Bandha 3.Jivha Bandha 4.Mula Bandha D.KRIYAS 1.Jala Neti 2.Sutra Neti 3.Dhauti (Vamana,Danda,Vastra) 4.Nauli 5.Kapalabhati 6.Aganisara 7.Trataka 8.Shankhaprakachalana
Guptasana Sankatasana Uttanamandukasana Vrishabhasana Padangusthasana Garbhasana Bhadrasana Kapotasana Ekpadaskandhasna Chakrasana (Sideward) Chakrasana (Backward) Virkshasana Tadasana Pada - hastasana Utkatasana
E.RECITATIONS 1.Pranava Japa 2.Svasti Mantra 3.Rudropasana 4.Savitru Upasana 5.Mahapurushavidya 6.Om Stavana 7. 15th Chapter of shrimad Bagwat Gita F.OTHER PRACTICES 1. Meditation Techniques 2.Suryanamaskar 3.Kriya Yoga Session-consisting of Pranayama,Mantra,Yoga,Sutra etc.
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN YOGA THERAPY (P.G.D.Y.T)
PAPER I : FOUNDATION OF YOGA- SURVERY (No. of Lectures-50)
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
DYT I
Yoga
Historical aspects Origin of yoga
7 Hrs. Concept of Yoga Development
Meaning & Definitions in
the light of Upanishads, PYS, Gita,HP, Gh.S.
Tradition of Yoga Brief survey
Vedas
9 Hrs.
Upanishads
Buddhism
Jainism
Puranas
Gita Brief introduction of Gita Summary of the 18 chapters 15 Hrs.
PYS Brief introduction of PYS Summary of 4 chapters
16 Hrs.
(Conceptual & Practical)
Yoga Vasishta(YY) Brief introduction of YY Summary of its 6 Prakarana
8 Hrs. ShivaSvarodaya(SS) Brief introduction of SS
Importance of Science of
Swara, prana, nadi, & Tattva etc.
55 Hrs.
PAPER II : FOUNDATION OF YOGA- SURVERY ( No. of 55 Lectures)
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS. DYT
II
Brief introduction to hath yogic texts
Siddh- siddhant paddhati 1. structure
6 Hrs.
2 profile and content 3 Importance
Goraksha shatak 1. structure 2 profile and content 3 Importance
shiv samhita 1. structure 2 profile and content 3 Importance
Intoduction and prerequisites
Hathapradipika 1. structure
4 Hrs.
2 profile and content 3 Importance
Gherand samhita 1. structure 2 profile and content 3 Importance
Asannas & Shodhan Kriyas in Yoga
Asana
1 Antiquity
6 Hrs.
2 Definitions 3 Classification Hathaapradipika 5 Gheranda Samhita
Cleansing processes
1Importance 2 Shuddhi kriya 3 Pancha Karma 4 Hathapradipika 2.B.5 Gheranda Samhita
Pranayama / Kumbhaka and Bandhas
Pranayama
1 Evolution
9 Hrs.
2 Components 3 Importance of three bandhas& Its appropriate applications. 4 Yukta 5 Ayukta 6 Concepts in Hathayoga
1.Kanda and Nadi 2.NadiShodhana Pranayama
7 NadiShodhana Pranayama 1.Hathapradipika
2.Gheranda Samhita
Pranayama / Kumbhaka and Bandhas
Eight Kumbhakas 1 Hathaprdipika,Gheranda Samhita,Special studies
2 Hrs. 1.Suryabhedana 2.Ujjayi
3.Bhramari
4.Bhastrikaand 5.Keval / kevali
Concept of kundalini and its arousal
7 Hrs.
Concept of Kundalini Importance and purpose of Mudras & Mudra Mudras in Hathapradipika Mudras in Gherand Smhita
Concept Dharana
Five Dharanas Concept of Pratyahara Concept of Marmasthanas
Kundalini & Mudra Dhyana with special reference to Gheranda Samhita Nadanusandhana Concept and technique of Samadhi in Gheranda Samhita Svarodaya-YOGA Concept Dhyana Concept of nadanusandhana
Mudra Nadanusandhana stages of nadanusandhana
Importance of Svarodaya Jnana in with special reference to Shiva Svarodaya
Shiva Svarodaya
relevance of svara jnana in health and disease. Introduction to Indian Philosophical Literature
4 Hrs. Therapeutic references from
Bhagwat Gita Bhagwat Gita
Role / Place of Bhagwat Gita in Indian Philosophical / Spiritual Literature Yoga in Bhagwat Gita Various forms of Yoga in Bhagwat Gita Concept of Health in General Concept of Health in Bhagwat Gita Health and Healing in Bhagwat Gita Therapeutic significance of Bhagwat Gita Introduction to Patanjala Yoga Sutra
4 Hrs. Therapeutic references fromPYS
Patanjala Yoga Sutra
Philosophy of Life in Patanjala Yoga Sutra Nature of Yoga in Patanjala Yoga sutra With reference to Ashanga Yoga With reference to Kriya Yoga Concept of Health and Healing in Patanjala Yoga Sutra Introduction to Hatha Yogic Texts
2 Hrs. Therapeutic references from Hatayogic Texts
Hathapradipika Concept of Health in Hathapradipika Therapeutical Significance of Hathapradipika Chapter V Therapeutical Significance with reference to Cleansing process
2 Hrs. Therapeutic references from Hatayogic Texts: Gheranda samhita
Gheranda samhita Therapeutical Significance with reference to Asanas Therapeutical Significance with reference to Dharana and Dhyana
Therapeutically Significance of Concept of Vighnas 2 Hrs. Therapeutic references from Shiva Samhita Health, Healing and Chakradhyana in Shiva Samhita
Hatayogic Texts : Shiva Samhita
Conducive and non-conducive factors towards health
The Philosophical base – Idealistic / non-dualistic 3 Hrs.
Therapeutic references from Yoga Vasistha
Yoga Vasistha Concept of health in Yoga Vasistha Therapeutical implications of Seven Bhumis (stages) Introduction to Shiva Svarodaya
4 Hrs. Therapeutic references from Shiva Svarodaya
Shiva Svarodaya Concept of Health in Shiva Svaroday Breath control as a Means of achieving wellbeing Reflections on knowledge of Death in Shiva Svarodaya
55 a
Yoga Therapy-I ( No. of Lecture-55) Semester Unit Topics Subtopics Lecture
SEMI-I
Introduction to Anatomy and physiology
Meaning of the subject
1 Hr. Meaning of the basic terms Importance of the subject Yoga in view of anatomy and physiology
Digestive system
Anatomy of the digestive organs
3Hrs Physiology of digestion. Factors affecting digestion Concept of yogic diet Comparisonwith modern science.
Respiratory system
Anatomy of the respiratory organs.
5 Hrs. Mechanism of ventilation. Regulation of respiration Lung capacity and related terms importance of respiratory muscles.
Circulatory system
Anatomy of the heart and blood vessels
3Hrs Physiology of circulation. concept of blod pressure Factors affecting blood pressure.
Unit-2 Muscular system
Functions and properties of muscles
8Hrs Types of muscles. Types of stretching and contraction. Anatomy of regional muscles
Types of movements.
Skeletal system
Functions, properties of bones
5Hrs Types of bones and joints Anatomy of Vertebral column Anatomy of thoracic cage and pelvis.
Unit-2
Urogenital system
Anatomy of urinary system
2Hrs Physiology of urin formation and excretion Anatomy of genital system. Physiology of menstruation
Factors affecting menstruation.
Neuro-endocrine system
Anatomy of nervous system.
4 Hrs. Physiology of brain functioning. Anatomy of endocrine glands Neuroendocrine axis.
Unit-3
Yama- Niyama-scientific view
Concept of yama
2 Hrs. concept of niyama Cultivation of correct psychological attitude Psychophysical reconditioning.
Asana-scientific view
Physiology of asana.
08Hrs. Types of asana Explanation of fundamental asanas Precautions during asanas.
Pranayama-mudra- scientific view
Psychophysiological effect of pranayama.
5Hrs Types of pranayama Advancement in pranayama Importance of mudra.
Kriya- scientific view
Importance of kriya.
4Hrs Physiology of each kriya. Precautions during kriya. Researches in kaivalyadhama about kriya.
Pratyahara and meditation- scientific view
Concept of pratyahara.
2Hrs meaning of dharana-dhyana Research in meditation Techniques about meditation. Concept of nadi, chakras 3 Hrs
SEMI-II Unit-4 Nadi-chakra concept.
Concept of chakras Concept of prana, References about awakening-traditional Scientific interpretation and its limitations 55Hrs.
*
Yoga Therapy-II ( 55 Lecture) Semester Unit Topics Subtopics Hrs.
SEMI-I
Unit-1
Concept of Health
1.Definition by WHO
1 Hrs. 2. Psychophysical view
3. Yogic view
4. Ayurvedic view.
5. Co-relation in between them.
Concept of Disease
1. Modern view
1 Hrs. 2.Ayurvedic view
3. Yogic view
4. Scientific co-relation.
Concept of Yoga Therapy
1.Definition -of therapy- modern view
1 Hrs. 2. Definition of therapy- Ayurvedic view
3.Meaning of Yoga- as a therapy
4.Meaning of Yoga- is a therapy.
5. Significance and limitations.
Swami Kuvalayananda,s approach to Therapy . 1. Cultivation of- Yogic Attitude
1 Hrs. 2. Psychophysical reconditioning
3.Explanation of above in detail.
Unit-2
Acute stress
1.Definition of stress- modern view
1 Hrs. 2. Symptoms of acute stress
3.Yogic definition
4. Signs described in Yoga-Sutras.
Yogic management of Acute stress
1.Study of OM.
2 Hrs. 2. Breathing techniques.
3. Chittaprasadana
4. Relaxative asanas
5. Other yogic practices.
Complications of chronic stress
1.Insomnia
4 Hrs. 2. Irritable bowel syndrome
3.Constipation
4.Migraine
5.Muscular pains.
Yogic management of chronic stress symptoms
1. Relaxation techniques
1 Hrs. 2. Study of skillful asanas
3.Realization-Self analysis
4. Rehabilitation.
Unit-3
Management of Depression
1.Definition of depression
1 Hrs. 2.Symptoms and signs
3. Bipolar mechanism
4. Psychotherapy.
5. Yogic management.
Psychological problems of school childrens
1.Physiology and psychology
1 Hrs. 2. Mood disturbances
3. Phobic mechanism
4. Antisocial mechanism
5. Yogic management.
Adolscent psychological problems
1. Definition and characterstics.
1 Hrs. 2. Psychophysiological aspect.
3. Stress in Adoloscent students.
4. Yogic management.
Schezophrenia
1. Definition.
1 Hrs. 2. Signs and symptoms
3. Complications
4. Psychotherapy
5. Yogic management.
Unit-4 Obesity Management
1. Causes of obesity
2 Hrs 2. Signs and symptoms
3. Complications
4. Diet management.
5. Yogic practices.
Hypertension management
1. Causes.
2 Hrs. 2. Pathogenesis
3. Signs , symptoms and complications
4.Diet and exercise-management
5. Yogic practices to manage the HTN.
Diabetes management
1. Causes
3 Hrs 2.Pathogenesis
3. Signs, symptoms and complications.
4.Diet and exercise-management
5.Yogic practices for DM.
Gout and other arthritis
1. Gout
1Hrs 2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Osteoarthritis
4. Ankolysing spondylitis
Unit-5
Liver problems and management
1. Anatomy and physiology in detail.
1Hrs 2. Causes of Hepatitis
3. Drug toxicity
4. Chirhosis
Management of low back pain.
1. Muscular back pain.
3 Hrs 2. Acute disc injury
3. Spondylosis
4. Surgical complications
5. Sciatica syndrome
Management of knee injuries
1. Anatomy in detail
2 Hrs 2. Ligament injuries
3. Cartilage degenerations
4.Osteoarthritis
5. Knee rehabilitation program.
Management of hip injuries
1.Pelvic and thigh muscle spasm.
1Hrs 2. Arthritis
3. Ligamental injuries
4. Old age complications Unit-6 Management of Shoulder injuries 1. Rotator cuff injury 2 Hrs
2. Supraspinatus injuries
3. Shoulder dislocations
4.Frozen shoulder
5. Injuries during "shoulder lift" asanas
Management of cervical pain
1. Muscle strain- sprain
2 Hrs 2. Acute disc injury
3. Chronic multiple disc injuries
4.Spondylosis
5.Complications and its management.
Management of digestive problems
1. Indigestion and its complications
2 Hrs 2. Hyperacidity and ulcers
3.Piles and fissures
4. Chronic pancreatitis
5.Chronic constipation.
Management of Respiratory problems
1. Chronic sinusitis
2 Hrs 2. Allergic Asthama
3. Bronchitis.
4.COPD
5. Lung Fibrosis
Unit-7
Management of Heart disease
1. Causes of IHD
2 Hrs 2. Pathogenesis
3. Signs, symptoms and complications
4. investigations
5. Yogic management.
Management of Gynecological & Obstertics Conditions.
1. Menstrual irregularities
2 Hrs 2. Polycystic ovarian disease
3. Pregnancy and lactation.
4.Mewnopause
5. Uterine prolepsis
Management of Nervous system diseases
1. Epilepsy
2 Hrs 2. Parkinsonism
3.Dementia
4. Post stroke complications
5, CVS Anamoly.
Management of immunological diseases 1. Allergy mechanism
1 Hrs 2. Mechanism of Autoimmunity
3 Yogic approach..
Unit-8
Management of skin diseases
1. Skin allergies
2 Hrs
2. Acne vulgaris
3. Eczema
4.Psoriasis
5. Fungal infections
Yoga injuries- concept
1. Definition of the term.
1Hrs 2.Causes of injuries
3 traditional references about injuries.
4. Modern references about injuries
5. Complications of yoga injuries
Prevention and management-Yoga injuries
1. Precaution during asana
2Hrs. 2. Precaution during pranayama
3 Precaution during kriya.
4. Precaution during bandha- mudra
5.To manage yoga and exercise schedule
Life style education- Yoga is a therapy
1.Yoga - Anusasanam for brain-body
5 Hrs 2. Modifications in brain by Yoga.
3.Yama- niyama- yogic life style
4.Emotional education
5. Spiritual education.
Total- 55 Hrs.
Yoga Research ( No. of Levcture-55) Semester Unit Topics Subtopics Lecture
SEMI-II
Unit-1
History - Swami Kuvalayananda,s contribution Foundation of Kaivalyadhama.
2 Hrs. Yoga-Mimansa
Fundamental research upto 1966. About kriya
8 Hrs. About Asana
About pranayama and meditation.
Fundamental research after 1966 About kriya
6 Hrs. About Asana
About pranayama and Meditation.
Philosophicoliteraray research( Kaivalyadhama) By Swami kuvalayananda.
5 Hrs. By Swami Digamberji
Others.
Unit-2 Psychological research in Kaivalyadhama.
Before 1966. 5 Hrs.
After1966
Therapeutic research in Kaivalyadhama Before 1966.
5 Hrs. After 1966.
Unit-3 Outside researches. About kriya
6 Hrs. About Asana
About pranayama and meditation.
Unit-4
Therapeutic researches- (outside) Psychosomatic disorders
6 Hrs. Metabolic disorders
Musculoskeletal and nervous system diseases.
Research methodology and Statistics. Research Methods & Statistics 12 Hrs.
55 Hrs.
PSYCHOLOGY AND HEALTH (55 Lecture) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
DYT I
Darshanik base of yoga therapy: Understanding of Samkhya,
Philosophical Bases of Yoga Practices in Samkhya, Psychology: Introduction, history.
7 Hrs.
Psychological perspectives Patanjala Yoga and Panchkosha from the therapeutic point of view Concept of Consciousness and Self in psychology.
Psychology as a "mental care system". Psychology understanding of Yoga darshana
DYT I
from the view point of Shad darshana.
In-depth psychological understanding of Yoga in the
Context of Taittiriya Aranyaka. psychological view of normality In-depth psychological understanding of Yoga in the
4 Hrs.
and yoga therapy context of - Models of Normality presented by Eminent psychologists. Darshanik bases of yoga thearapy & psychological Introduction to the concept of therapy in general Perspectives of Yoga Therapy and Yoga therapy in particular. Development of therapeutic aspect in Psychology. Development of therapeutic approach in Yoga. Development of yoga as therapy Need of yoga as therapy.
4 Hrs. Mechanism of yoga as therapy. Concept of stress: Psychological understanding. Medical Model of Stress: Modern Theories.
DYT II
Stress, Anxiety & Functional Disorders in the Stress, Emotional & Functional Disorders
5 Hrs. Context of Patanjala Yoga Sutra & (Medical Perspectives). Hathapradipika Anxiety: Psychological Understanding. Relevance of Patanjala Yoga Sutra to Cause of Stress. Relevance of Patanjala Yoga Sutra to Remedies of Stress Hatha Yoga perspectives of "Vyuthitta Citta".
DYT II
Role of Mental dynamics & counselling in Mental dynamics involved in existential disorders
4 Hrs. yoga therapy as per 5th chapter of Hathapradipika
Functional & Emotional Disorders In Model case historie of Functional & Emotional Disorders . the Context of Psychology, Yogic Texts, Possible "collaborative synthesis" between yoga and Counseling & Personality Psychotherapy in the treatment of existential disorders. Stress management strategies in psychology. Stress management strategies as inferred from PYS
Personality dynamics & physiological Physiological mechanism- Underlying Stress-
4 Hrs.
make-up in the context of Yoga Therapy. Response, Oxidative stress.
Personality: Concept, Origin, History of Its Functional & Emotional Disorders In Development. the Context of Psychology, Yogic Texts, Psychology in the context of Yoga Darshana. Counseling & Personality Concept of Personality as inferred from "Pancha Kosha" & its therapeutic implications.
DYT III
Approach to Personality & Experiential Concept of Personality as inferred from "Samkhya" &
6 Hrs.
Phenomena in the Context of Yoga Therapy its therapeutic implications.
Concept of Personality as inferred from "Patanjala Yoga Sutra" & its therapeutic implications. Experiential Phenomena in Yoga: Concept & Scriptural root. Psycho-physiological implications. Implications for Psychosomatic (functional) disorders. Experiential Phenomena in Yoga: Implications for a better yoga pursuit. Experiential Phenomena in Bhagwad Gita: Implications for better Emotional & Spiritual Health. Personality Dynamics & Experiential
Abnormal Psychology in the context of Abnormal Psychology: Etiology, Symptoms & remedies
4 Hrs. Phenomena in Yoga Therapy as per Yoga Therapy. Behaviour & its Remedies.
Yogic Texts. III.B.2 Old & Modern taxonomy of Abnormal Behaviour Pattern. Understanding of Psycho-neuroticism, Psychoticism, Socially aberrant behaviour, Organic deficiency in aberrant behaviour. In-Depth understanding of psycho-neuroticism &
DYT III
the role of remedial methods in psychology.
3 Hrs.
In-Depth understanding of Psychoticism & the role of Remedies in psychology. In-Depth understanding of Socially Aberrant behaviour as in Psychopaths & Sociopaths & remedial methods in Psychology. Personality Dynamics & Experiential Phenomena in Yoga Therapy as per Recommended Yogic Remedial measures for Psycho- Yogic Texts. neurotic behaviour.
DYT IV
Socially Aberrant Behaviour & Medical Recommended Yogic Remedial measures for
2 Hrs. Implications of Neurotic Behaviour in the Socially Aberrant Behavior
Context of Yoga Therapy. Psycho neuroticism having medical symptoms on the somatic level (case histories) & the recommended Psychological interventions.
Research based practical yoga techniques Psycho neuroticism having medical symptoms on the
5 Hrs.
for Stress, Anxiety & Emotional Disorders. somatic level (case histories) & the recommended
yogic interventions. Practical methods in yoga to tackle stress, anxiety &emotional disorders. Role of Omkar & its implications in yoga therapy as Indicated in Srimat Bhagwat Mahapuran. Research based indications about therapeutic Importance of Omkar. Medical Implications of Abnormal Role of Patanjala Kriya Yoga & its implications to Behaviour & Effect of Yogic Yoga Therapy as inferred from Patanjala Yoga Sutra.
Techniques,
Abnormality. Therapeutic Implications of Shavasana & Clinical evidences of therapeutic role of Kriya Yoga
7 Hrs.
Meditation. in Yoga therapy. Therapeutic effect of Shavasana & Yoga Meditation. Yoga Meditation as mentioned in Siva Samhita (V:71,72) & its implication to Yoga Therapy. Concept of Total Health in Yoga in the context Patanjala Yoga Sutra.
Yogic health through Patanjala Yoga & Psychology of Prayer in the context of
Prayer. Iswara Pranidhana in Yoga. Historical roots of the concept of prayer &its benefits to human well being.
DYT IV Prayer
IYogic health through Patanjala Yoga & Prayer: Objective need of prayer for Yoga Therapy: Prayer. Scientific Research & Clinical Observations. of Patanjala Yoga Sutra.
Total 55 Hrs.
*
Yoga and Alliede sciences ( No. Lecture:50 Hrs.) Semester Unit Topics Subtopics Lecture
Basics of Ayurveda-1 History of Ayurveda
4Hrs Introduction to philosophy of Ayurveda Dosha- vata pitta kapha
Dathu -mala Agni-ahhar ras-poshan
Concept of Prakruti Concept of prakriti
4Hrs Types of prakriti Tnalysing of prakriti
Swastha vritta
Swastha -introduction
4Hrs Dina charya Rithu charya Saddh vritha
Unit-2
Concept of Aahar General concept
4Hrs Rasa importance Aahar -dravya
Concept of Vikruthi
Dosha vriddi-kshya
4Hrs Shat kriya kala Nidan panchak Vyadi prakar-marg
Unit-2 Medicines in Ayurveda
Dravya guna vighyana 5hrs Common used herbs
Rasa shashtra
Concept of chiktsa Various therapies
4 Hrs. Panchakarma
Unit-3 Yoga and Ayurveda
panchakarma and shatkarma 5 Hrs
Prakurti and Asana
Basics of Naturopathy-1 history of naturopathy
4Hrs Basic principles of naturopathy Concept of panchamahabhuth
Treatments in Naturopathy-1 Hydro theraphy
6Hrs Massage theraphy
Mud therapy Fasting as therapy
Concept of diet
Raw food.
4Hrs Juice therapy Types of diet Therapeutic plans of diet
Yoga and Naturopathy Meeting points
2Hrs Application.
50Hrs *
Practical Professional Understanding ( No. of Lecture:50) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
SEMI-I
Unit-1
Vertebral Column
1. Basic six movements
1Hr 2. Intervertebral muscles 3. paraspinal muscles 4.Abdominal muscles 5. neck and pelvic muscles
Important joints
1. Shoulder joint
1hr 2. Elbow joint 3. Hip joint 4. knee joint 5. Ankle joint.
Joint movements
1. Mechanism of flexion.
1Hr 2. Mechanism of extension 3. Mechanism of Adduction- Abduction 4.Mechanism- Pronation-supination 5.Mechanism of Rotations
Muscles involved
1. About Shoulder.
1Hr 2. About elbow 3. About Knee 4. About Hip 5. About ankle.
Unit-2
Postural Analysis
1.Introduction
4 Hrs 2.Practical demonstration 3.Evaluation of postural analysis 4.Individual practice.
Stretching-1
1. Facial muscles
1Hr 2. Neck muscles 3. Shoulder and scapular muscles 4.Arm and forearm muscles 5.Chest muscles
Stretching-2
6. Abdominal muscles.
1Hr 7.Back muscles. 8. pelvic muscles 9.Thigh muscles 10-Calf muscles
Joint exercise
1. Carpels.
1Hr 2. metacarpals 3. Wrists 4. Elbows
5. Shoulder- scapulae
SEMI-I
Unit-3
joint exercise
6.Neck exercise
1Hr 7. Tarsals and metatarsals 8. Ankle and knee. 9. Hip 10. Spine
Forward bending asanas
1.Halasana
1Hr 2. Paschimottanasana 3.Padhastasana 4.Pavanmuktasana 5.Naukasana
Back bending asanas
1.Setubandhasana
1Hr 2.Bhujangasana- variations. 3. Dhanurasana- Naukasana (prone) 4. Ushtrasana 5. Ardha-chandrasana.
Twisting asanas
1. Katichakrasana
1Hr 2. Vakrasana 3. Ardhamatsyendrasana 4. Merudandabhyasa-1to 8 5.Marjarasana- variations
Unit-4
Lateral bending asanas 1.Side bending chakrasana
2Hrs
2. Konasana 3. Parshvakonasana
Mixed asana-1
1. Triconasana 2.Janusirasana 3.Akarna dhanurasana 4.Ugrasana
Mixed asana-2
5. Mayurasana
3 Hrs
6. kukutasana 7. Garbhasana 8. Vruschikasana 9. Badhhapadmasana. 10. Vatayanasana 11.Natarajasana 12.Vrukshana 13.matsyasana 14. Viparit karni- sarvangasana
Unit-5 Basics of Therapy Teachings 1.Concept of Yoga therapy
2Hrs 2.Need of scientific view in yoga therapy 3.Yoga injuries
4.Evaluation of traditional texts 5.Evaluation of modern yogic schools.
Educating patients and students-1
1. Precautions during asanas
3Hrs 2. Precautions during kriyas 3.Precautions during pranayama 4. Precautions during bandha 5. Precautions during mudra.
Educating patients and students
1.Anatomico-physiological principles
3Hrs 2.Psychological principles 3.Educational principles 4.Discipline- for patients/diseases.
Group teaching- principles and skills.
1.Class arrangement 1Hr. 2.Sitting arrangement
3.Other precautions.
Unit-6
Principles about personal teaching.
1. Methods of clinical examination
2Hrs 2.Recording of the findings 3.Medical aspect 4. Communication with doctor
Pathological understandings
1. Blood examination.
2Hrs 2. X-ray reports. 3. MRI scanning. 4.Regarding heart and cerebral diseases 5.Other investigations
Psychological understandings
1. Sleep status
2Hrs
2. Dfaily routine . 3. Traditional parameters 4. Modern testings 5. Ouestionaries about the same. 1. Testing through simple movements 2.Testing through simple asanas
How to check musculoskeletal status 3. Other methods 1Hr
Unit-7
How to check Respiratory status 1. Clinical exam of chest. 2. Lung capacity testings. 3.Spirometry 1Hr
Therapeutic lesson plan. 1. Need 2. Guideline for preparation of plan 3. Model lesson plan. 1Hr
Unit-8 Counselling- principles
1. Scientific definition. 2. Importance of trust
3. how to rapport 4. Contents of counselling 5,. Precautions during counselling 1Hr 1. Group psychology 2. How to communicate
Group Counselling 3. Proper explanation skills 1Hr.
Family - marital counselling 1. Problem of children’s in family 2. How to communicate with family 3. Guidelines 2Hrs
Yogic counselling
1. Importance of life style. 2.Materialize the practices in daily routine 3. Self evaluation 4.Mind building techniques 3 Hrs
1.Introduction 2. Some examples about yoga injuries Medico-legal aspect 3. Medical advice 4. legal precautions 3Hrs 1.Properties of therapist Ideal Yoga Therapist. 2. Parameters to check the properties 3. Traditional references 2Hrs Total- 50 Hrs.
PRACTICLAL YOGA
Asanas Naukasana ( Prone) Shavasana Sarpasana
Shirshasana Niralambasana Ardha Halasana ( one leg/ both legs) Co-ordination Movement ( Prone) Uttana Padasana Marjari Asana Viparitakarani Parvatasana
Sarvangasana Shoulder & Neck Movement
Matsyasana Akarna Dhanurasana
Halasana Tolangulasana
Bhujangasana Trikonasana
Ardha Shalabhasana Natrajasana
Shalabhasna Chakrasana ( Back Ward )
Dhanurasana Meditative Asanas
Makarasana Padmasana
Vakrasana Siddhasana
Ardha Matsyendra Swastikasana
Matsyendrasana Samasana
Janushirasana Drishti
Paschimottanasana Bhru Madhya
Vajrasana Nasagra
Supta Vajrasana Pranayama
Yoga Mudra Anuloma- Vilom
Ushtrasana Ujjayi
Gomukhasana Surya Bhedana
Mandukasana Chandra Bhedana
Uttana Mandukasana Shitali
Kurmasana Sitkari
Uttana Kurmasana Bhastrika
Kukkutasana Bhramari
Bhadrasana Mudra & Bandha
Mayurasana Simha Mudra
Chakrasana ( Lateral) Jivha Bandha
Vrikshasana Brahma Mudra
Tadasana Mula Bandha
Garudasana Jalandhara Bandha
Utkatasana Uddiyana Bandha
Padhastasana Kriyas
Mantra Recitation Kapala Bhati
Pranava Japa Uddiyana
Swasti Mantra Nauli
Savitru Upasana Agnisara (Agnisara)
Om Stavan Jala Neti
Other Asanas Rubber Neti
Crocodile Practices Vaman Dhauti Pawan Muktasana ( Ardha / Purna) Danda Dhauti
Naukasana ( Supine) Vastra Dhauti
Setu Bandhasana Shankha prakshalana (Varisara)
Trataka
CERTIFICATE COURSE IN YOGA (C.C.Y.)
I PAPER: TRADITIONAL YOGA ( No. of Lecture: 12)
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
CCY.I
Introduction of Yogic Texts Patanjala Yoga Sutra, Hathapradipika, Gheranda Samhta, Vasishtha Samhita.
12 Hrs.
Meaning /Definition/Forms of Yoga
Brief introduction about the relation between Samkhya and Yoga
Yama Concept & practice of Yamas Niyama Concept & practice of Niyamas Asana Concept &practice ofAsana
Yogic Texts Prana/Nadi /Chakra Concept,types and Location of Prana/Nadi /Chakra
Satkriyas Technique and benefit Mudras and Bandha Technique &Benefit Nada And Kundalini Concept of Nada as C.D.& Understanding of Kundalini Pranayama Kumbhaka Technique &Benefit Dhrana ,Dhyana& Samadhi Concept & Practices of Dhrana ,Dhyana& Samadhi
TOTAL LECTURES 12 Hrs.
PAPER II : YOGA & MENTAL HEALTH (No. of Lectures:12) UNIT SUB -UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
CCY-II
Role of Yoga & Health, Mental Health: Define health , Mental health, Holistic Health :Medical & Yogic perspectives
Psychology in Mental Yogic and Medical perspectives Define yoga, in your own words, In the context of its applied nature
Health Yoga & Modern Psychology: A synthetic approach Similarities & Differences between both the sciences
for existential disorders. Synthesis of Yoga & Modern Psychology for Mental Health
Concept of Normality: Psychological and Psychological Normality
12 Hrs. Normal Behavior and Yogic approaches Yogic Normality
its Restoration Functional Disorders : Causes, Effects and Psychological Normality
remedies in PYS Yogic cause of and remedies on functional disorders.
Conflict, Frustration: Yogic Remedies.
Cause & remedies relating Conflict
Restoration of Cause & remedies relating frustration
Emotional Balance Persona and Interpersonal adjustment Psychological methods for Adjustment
Yogic Methods for Adjustment.
Towards Total Health Prayer its significance in Yogic Practices Prayer : Psychological perspectives
through Yoga & Prayer Prayer : Yogic perspectives
TOTAL LECTURES 12 Hrs.
III PAPER: STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BODY & EFFECTS OF YOGA PRACTICES ON IT ( No. of Lecture: 12)
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
CCY.III
Introduction and Aim
Definition of Anatomy and Physiology- Meaning of the basic terms- System, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Elementary composition. Living activities- External- posture, movements/Internal-respiration, digestion, Circulation, Metabolism. Control on living activities./health. Yoga- scientific meaning./ How yoga helps for health Need of scientific study in yogic field.
Digestive system and yoga
Anatomy of Alimentary canal and Digestive glands. Physiology of Digestion, absorption and defecation. Factors influencing digestion. Indigestion and its complications. Principles of diet- Modern, Ayurvedic and Yogic views. Yogic practices for the health of digestive system.
Respiratory system and Yoga
Anatomy of the respiratory track and associated muscles and bones. Mechanism of ventilation. Factors influencing respiration. Lung capacities and the yogic practices to improve the efficiency of respiratory system
Pranayama scientific basis
Definition. Psycho- physiological effect. Therapeutic application. Types and practical hints for pranayama. Concept of advance pranayama.
Musculoskeletal system
Muscles- functions and types of muscles. Properties, of muscles. Types of contraction and stretching. Bones- Functions and types of bones. Joints- Structure and Types. Movements- Types of movements /Agonist and Antagonist muscles.
Asana- scientific base
1. Definition. 2. Psycho physiological effect. 3. Types of Asana. 4. Advancement in asana. 5. Practical Hints for the correct performance of the asana. 6. Explanations about some traditional asanas.
Kriya- scientific basis- Mechanism, benefits, limitations
1. View of Hathapradipika and Gheranda. 2. Dhauti,Neti,Basti, nauli, agnisar, shankhaprakshalana 3. Kapalbhati andTrataka.
Meditation- scientific basis
1. Concept of Dharana, Dhyana, swamadhi. 2. Nadanusandhanam,- Hathapradipika. 3. Various techniques about concentration
TOTAL LECTURES 12 Hrs.
*
Yoga, Health & Education ( No. of Lectures 12) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
CCY
Yoga and Value Education
Value Education
Concept of Value- nature, role and Classification.
6 Hrs.
Rationale of Value Education Aims and Objectives of Value Eduation Content of Value Education Yoga as a Method of Value Education- Yama and Niyama, Asana and Kriya Yoga.
Concept Yoga and Physical Education
Aim and objectives
6 Hrs. Misconception about Yoga and Physical Education Sources of Misconception Role of various yogic practices for Heatlh Physical education and sports. 12 Hrs
*
CERTIFICATE COURSE IN YOGA (C.C.Y.)
Asanas Shavasana Ardhahalasana (one leg/ both leg) Uttana padasana Pawana muktasana (ardha /purn ) Naukasana (supine/prone ) Viparitakarani Sarvangasana Matsyasana Halasana Bhujangasana Ardha salabhasna Shalabhasana Dhanurasana Makarasana Vakrasana Janushirasana/Paschimotana Vajrasana Ustrasana Yoga mudra Parvatasana Akarna dhanurasana Chakrasana (lateral) Vrikshasana Tadasana
Meditative pose Ardha padmasana Padmasana Swastikasana Other practices Simha asana Brahma Mudra Uddiyana Bandha Pranayama Anuloma Viloma Ujjayi Kriyas Kapalabhati Jala Neti Rubber Neti Vamana Dhauti Mantra recitation Pranava japa Swasti mantra Om stavan
Adv. Teacher Training Course in Yoga
TEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF YOGA (PATANJALA YOGA SUTRA)
No. of LECTURES:9 UNIT-I SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Basic concepts
Conceptutal understanding Chitta, Chittabhumis & Vrittis
9 Hrs.
Vikshepa/Antaraya Klesha & Vitarka
Abhyasa & Vairagya Concept and practice Kriyayoga Concept and practice Chitaprasadana Concept and practice
Bahirangayoga Concept & practice Yama, Niyama. Asana,Pranayama& Pratyahara
Antarangayoga Concept & practice Dharana,Dhyana& Samadhi. Total Lectures 9 Hrs.
*
TEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF YOGA No. of LECTURES: 9
UNIT-I SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Add.T.T.C. VII
School of Yoga Importance of Hathayoga 1 Hr. I. Hathayoga
Concept of Hatha in Yoga Representative Texts of Hathayoga
1 Hr. Concept of Hatha and it applied value
Asana Asana antiquity , definition
1 Hr. classification of Asana
Cleanising processes Introduction of various cleansing processes
1 Hr. Satkarma in Gherenda Samhita
Kumbhaka Importance of Kumbhaka& Bandhas
1 Hr. purpose of Kumbhaka & Bandhas II.Yogic practices
Mudra Status Mudra in Hathayoga
1 Hr. Defination, purpose and kids of Mudra
Introduction of Yogic Anatomy Cakra, Vayu and Nadi
2 Hr. Granthi, Tattva, Vital Points, Adharas etc. Introduction of Dhyana Introduction of Dhyana in Gheranda Samhita. 1 Hr.
9 Hrs.
STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BODY & EFFECTS OF YOGA PRACTICES ON IT ( No. of lecture:9)
UNIT-I SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS. Add.T.T.C.
VII
Modifications in functioning of nervous System through Yogic Practices: Effect of Yoga on Neuro gladular & Neuro muscular mechanism Effect of Yogic Practices on Digestion & Metabolism & concept of Diet.
Concept of evolution of Brain. Anatomy of brain – 3 levels- cortical /Limbic/autonomous Three levels of consciousness lower brain /cortical & supra cortical. Cortical & Limbic parameters of brain development: researches Neuro-endocrine & autonomic balance: (researches) -concept of reconditioning of psycho-physiological mechanism. Concept of cultivation of correct psychological attitude (as per Swami Kuvalayananda’s reference).
Functioning of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Anatomy of medulla oblongata, Pons, cerebellum, Spinal cord and associated ganglions. Anatomy & Physiology of endocrine and exocrine glands and their nervous control. Anatomy & Physiology of neuro muscular junction.
Temporary &sustained modifications in both mechanism through regular yogic practices- according to researches.
Anatomy of Digestive System. Process of digestion of Protein /fat/sugar Factors affecting digestion. Indigestion & its acute and chronic symptoms. Concept of metabolism /anabolism /catabolism . Metabolic rate / Metabolic need -conceptual understanding. Influence of both process on each other. Modification in both processes through Yogic Practices (Temporary & long standing- according to researches). Concept & Principles of diet: Yogic, Ayurvedic & Modern View- Comparative Study.
Pranayama: Part – I Pranayama Part –II Asana: part – I Asana – Part II
Relation in detail: breath, mind & Metabolism Mechanism of breathing and factors influence the breathing. Anatomical consideration of respiratory track and associated musculo- skeletal structures. Definition of Pranayama- Traditional and Scientific. Psycho- Physiological effects of Pranayama: Temporarily &sustained… on each system, Cell. (Researches about this.) Neuro-physiological alterations through Pranayama. Variety of breathing techniques and their therapeutic importance- 8 types of Pranayamas. Hints ( considering anatomy and physiology) for proper practice of all techniques. Concept of advancement in Pranayam : extension ,sustaining, rhythm/ Bandha/ Keval Kumbhaka. Vital energy its channelization through pranayama spiritual concept of Pranayama / Spiritual aspect of Pranayama. Scientific analysis of effect of Pranayama as per traditional references Hathayoga/Upanishda Pranayama & meditation
Scientific basis of concept of Asana Definition of Asana- Scintifically & also view of Hatha & Patanjali
Asana and Physical exercise Diffrence in detail both. Physiological effects of asanas on each sytem/Organ/ Cell Psychological effects of Asana. Spiritual Views : About channelization of energy & Alertness. Development stage in Asana: effort and effortlessness comparative study. Concept of Yoga injury regarding the misuse of Asana.
Types of Asanas – Meditative/ Relative / Cultural Practical hints about Asanas. To avoid injury and how to develop for the advancement.
Therapeutic application of Asana. Researches about asana: In Kaivalyadhama and outside ( Fundamental& Therapeutic).
Kriya : (Cleansing Process) Yogic Practices according to different Age & Conditions:
Asana and Their Scientific evaluations. (Described in Hatha & Gheranda Samihita) Asana for awareness.
Need of cleansing – according to various Conditions (Psycho-physiological) with traditional references View of Hathapradeipika & Gheranda: Explanation within scientific parameters . Neti/Dahuti.Basti Kapalbahti/Nauli / Trataka : mechanism importance & Limitation Agnisara/varisara: mechanism importance & Limitation Researches about Kriyas in Kaivalyadhama & outside. Therapeutic application of various Kriyas. Shatkarmas & Panchkarma ( Comparative Study) Kriya Yoga Patanjali’s view explanation within scientific parameters.
Yoga for School Children Yoga in teen age ; Male / Female Yoga in pregnancy/ lactation Yoga in middle age Yoga in metabolic disorders. Obesity/Hypertension/Diabetes. Yoga after menopause Yoga in old age
9 Hrs.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF YOGA( No. of Lecture:09)
UNIT-I SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Add. T.T.C. I
Psychophysiology Psychology of Yoga Darshana
Psychology of Samkhya & 2 Hrs.
of Traditional Yoga Taittiriya Aranyaka Etiology of Existential
Normality in the Yogic cantext Psychological Normality
1 Hr. Disorders. Yogic Normality. Remedies on Existentionl Existential disorders, Modern Medical etiology
1 Hr. Disorders. and P.Y.S. approach Genesis in Patanjala Yoga sutra Traditional Yoga for
Experiential Yoga in the context of therapy. Experiential Yoga in the context of therapy. 1 Hr. Self Development. Yoga for Adjustments Adjustment &Yoga Adjustment &Yoga 1 Hrs.
Personality Development Personality Development Psychological theories
2 Hrs. Yogic approach
Prayer for mental health. Psychology of Prayer in the Yogic context Psychology of Prayer
1 Hr. Types & benefits of Prayer.
9 Hr. *
Yoga, Health & Education ( No. of Lectures 8) UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS.
Adv.TTC
Yoga and Value Education A.Value Education
Concept of Value- nature, role and Classfication.
4 Hrs.
Rationale of Value Education Aims and Objectives of Value Eduation Yoga as a Method of Value Education- Yama and Niyama, Asana and Kriya Yoga.
Yoga for Health and Physical Fitness B.Health and Fitness
Factors of Health and Fitness 4 Hrs Research work done on Health oriented fitness through Yoga
Practical Yoga Shirshasana Ugrasana Uttan padasana Trikonasana Pawan Muktasana Chakrasana(Backward) Vipritakarani Mantra Recitation Sarvangasana Pranva Japa Matsyasana Swsti Mantra Halasana Om Stavan Bhujangasana Agnisara(Agnisara) Shalbhasna Jala Neti Dhanurasana Rubber Neti Makarasana Vamana Dhuti Vakrasana/ Ardhamatsydrasana Danda Dhuti Paschimottanasana Trataka Vajarasana Drishti Supta Vajrasana Bhru Madhya Yoga Mudra Nasagra Ushtrasana Pranayama Gomukhasana Anulom-Viloma Bhadrasana Ujjayi Chakrasana(Lateral) Sitkari Vrikshasana Bhastrika Garudasana Mudra & Bandha Utkatasana Simha Mudra Padhastasana Brahama mudra Other Asana Mula Bhandha Naukasana(Supine) Jalandhar Bandha Naukasana(Prone) Kriyas Akarna Dhanurasana Kapalabhati Meditative Pose Uddiyana Padmasana Siddhasana
21-DAYS YOGA & AYURVEDA (No. of Lecture-11)
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS. Remarks
Y&AUR I
Introduction to PatanjalaYoga Sutra: Contribution of Patanjali
Basic Concept: Chitta, Chittabhumis, Vrittis
Darshanik aspect of yoga through PYS of yoga through PYS Basic Concept: Vikshepa/Antaraya
Basic Concept: Klesha & Vitarka Nirodhopaya: What &Why(Abhyasa & Vairagya)
Essence of PYS
Kriya yoga: What & Why Kriyayoga Darshanik & Ishvarapranidhana: What & Why
Chitaprasadana: Methods of Chitaprasadana Chaturvyaha: Heya, heyahetu,hana hanopaya Bahirangayoga: Concept & practice of Yama & Niyama
therapeutic Asana,Pranayama, Pratyahara
Therapeutic references Therapeutic references of Hatha Yoga.
Therapeutic application Asanas , Pranaya Bandhas , Mudra Therapeutic application of Shuddhi Kriya and Meditation
UNITI, TOTAL LECTURES: ( 11 Hrs.)
Y&AUR II
Ayurveda Concept
2.A.1 Swasthavrtta
Ayurveda: Concept, origin, historical development as a health Care System
Concept of Dosha-Dhatu-Mala, Prakriti Parikshana, Concept of Concept of diet (Ahara) in Ayurveda. Concept of social behavior ( Achara) in Ayurveda Upadhatu,Srotas,Indriyas,Common disorders Agni,Vayu,Prakriti,Manas,common disorders Upadhatu,Srotas,Indriyas remedies in Ayurveda Agni,Vayu,Prakriti,Manasremedies in Ayurveda Swasthavrtta for promotion of Health. Sadvritta, din charya for promotion of Health. Ritucharya, Achara & Ahara for promotion of Health.
2.B.2.Treatment Art of history taking and interactive strategies for assessment of status of Health
The prognosis and plausible lines of treatment Yoga & Ayurveda: A comparative study.
UNITI, TOTAL LECTURES: ( 11 Hrs.)
Y&AUR III
Concept of Health
1.C.
Concept of Health:An objective understanding.
Modern perspectives, Yogic and Ayurvedic stand points Yogic concept of Pancha Kleshas Concept of Pancha Kosha Concept of Pancha Prana and Pancha Up-Pranas Shat Kriyas of Yoga and Panchakarma Of Ayurveda A brief understanding of Nervous system A brief understanding of Digestive system A brief understanding of Cardio- Vascular system A brief understanding of Respiratory system 1A brief understanding of Endocrine system Synthetic approach to Yoga and Ayurveda for therapeutic purposes
FOUNDATION COURSE IN YOGA & AYURVEDA (F.C.Y.A.)
MEDITATIVE ASANA Utkatasana(GS)
Ardha Padmasana ( Virasana-HP) Vrikshasana(GS)
Padmasana (GS) (HP) Gorakshasana (GS) BANDHA
Vajrasana (GS) Uddiyana (GS)(HP)
Svastikasana(GS) (HP) Jalandhara (GS)(HP)
Guptasana(GS) Samasana SHUDDHI KRIYA
Bhadrasana(GS) (HP) Dhauti (GS)- Vahnisara-Danda-Vaman-Vastra
RELAXATIVE ASANA Neti (GS)(HP)- Jala-Sutra neti
Shavasana/ Mrtasana (HP) (GS) Trataka(GS) (HP)
Makarasana Kapalabhati(GS)
CULTURATIVE ASANA PRANAYAMA
Supine- Modified Matsyasana Anuloma-Viloma
Prone-Bhujangasana (GS) Ujjayi (GS)(HP)
Shalabhasana(GS)
Dhanurasana)(HP)
Sitting-Simhasana(GS)(HP)
Gomukhasana (GS)(HP)
Mandukasana + Uttana Mandukasana (GS)
Janushirasana + Paschimottnaasana(HP)
Standing-
OTHER ASANA
Uttanapadasana
Pavanamuktasana
Parvatasana
Vakrasana
Yoga Mudra
Tadasana
MUDRA
Viparitakarni (GS)(HP)
Brahma Mudra
21-DAYS TRADITIONAL TEXTS
UNIT SUB-UNIT TOPICS SUB-TOPICS HRS. Remarks
UNITI, TOTAL LECTURES: ( 15 Hrs.)
Tra.Texts I PYS
1.A.1 Introduction to Sankhya: Evolution & Satkariyavada 2 hrs.
1.A.2 Introduction to PatanjalaYoga Sutra: Contribution of Patanjali 1 Hr.
1.A.3 Concept of Yoga: Meaning &Definitions 1 Hr.
1.A.4 Basic Concept: Chitta, Chittabhumis, Vrittis 1 Hr.
1.A.5 Basic Concept: Vikshepa/Antaraya 1 Hr.
1.A.6 Basic Concept: Klesha & Vitarka 1 Hr.
1.A Darshanik Aspect of 1.A.7 Nirodhopaya: What &Why(Abhyasa & Vairagya)
1 Hr.
Yoga through PYS 1.A.8 Kriya yoga: What & Why Kriyayoga 1 Hr.
1.A.9 Ishvarapranidhana: What & Why 1 Hr.
1.A.10Chitaprasadana: Methods of Chitaprasadana 1 Hr.
1.A.11Chaturvyaha: Heya, heyahetu,hana hanopaya 1 Hr.
1.A.12Bahirangayoga: Concept & practice of Yama & Niyama 1 Hr.
1.A.13Bahirangayoga:Asana,Pranayama, Pratyahara 1 Hr.
1.A.14Antaranga: Concept & practice of Dharana,Dhyana&Samadhi 1 Hr.
UNITI, TOTAL LECTURES: ( 15 Hrs.) Tra.Texts
II
Hatha yogic texts
1.B.1.Definitions
2 Hrs.
1.B.2.Schools of Yoga
1.B.3.Bhavana Yoga
1.Jnana
2.Karma
3.Bhakti
1.B.4.Prana Samyama Yoga 1.Mantra 2 Hrs. 2.Htha 1 Hrs. 3.Laya 1 Hrs. 1.B. Introduction and 4.Rajayoga 1 Hrs.
Pre-requisites 1.B.5.Hath Yoga 1.Tradition 1 Hr.
2.Brief Introduction
3.Eminent Hathayogis of Nath Cult
1.B.5. Concept of Asana: Classification & Importance 1 Hrs. 1.B.6. Concept of Pranayama: Classification & Importance 1 Hrs. 1.B.7. Kumbhakas in Gheranda and Hathapradipika 1 Hrs. 1.B.8. Application of Bandhas in Kumbhaka 1 Hr.
1.B.9. Shodhana Kriya specially from Gheranda Samhita 1 Hr.
1.B.10 Concept of Mudra 1 Hr.
1.B.11 Concept of Nadanusandhana 1 Hr.
UNITI, TOTAL LECTURES: ( 15 Hrs.) Tra.Texts
III 1.C.1. Concept of Sharir/ Deha (Sthula-Sukhsma Sharir) 3 Hrs
1.C.2. Concept of Kosha 2 Hrs.
1. Yogic Anatomy
1.C.3. Concept of Chakra-Nadi-Prana-Adhar-Grathi
3 Hrs
and Physiology 1.C.1 Yogic Anatomy 1.C.4. Concept of Prakruti and Vikruti (Antaraya) 2 Hrs.
1.C.5. Therapy view in traditional text 1 Hrs.
1.C.6. Kriya Yoga- psychophysiological aspect 2 Hrs.
1.C.7 Scientific survey about yogic practices. 2 Hrs.
FOUNDATION COURSE IN YOGA & TRADITIONAL TEXT (F.C.Y.T.T.)
MEDITATIVE ASANA Utkatasana(GS)
Ardha Padmasana ( Virasana-HP) Vrikshasana(GS)
Padmasana (GS) (HP) Gorakshasana (GS) BANDHA
Vajrasana (GS) Uddiyana (GS)(HP)
Svastikasana(GS) (HP) Jalandhara (GS)(HP)
Guptasana(GS) Samasana SHUDDHI KRIYA
Bhadrasana(GS) (HP) Dhauti (GS)- Vahnisara-Danda-Vaman-Vastra
RELAXATIVE ASANA Neti (GS)(HP)- Jala-Sutra neti
Shavasana/ Mrtasana (HP) (GS) Trataka(GS) (HP)
Makarasana Kapalabhati(GS)
CULTURATIVE ASANA PRANAYAMA
Supine- Modified Matsyasana Anuloma-Viloma
Prone-Bhujangasana (GS) Ujjayi (GS)(HP)
Shalabhasana(GS)
Dhanurasana)(HP)
Sitting-Simhasana(GS)(HP)
Gomukhasana (GS)(HP)
Mandukasana + Uttana Mandukasana (GS)
Janushirasana + Paschimottnaasana(HP)
Standing-
OTHER ASANA
Uttanapadasana
Pavanamuktasana
Parvatasana
Vakrasana
Yoga Mudra
Tadasana
MUDRA
Viparitakarni (GS)(HP)
Brahma Mudra
Master Class for Yoga Teachers The course emphasizes integration of the classical yogic texts with the practice of teaching 8 limbs of Yoga. Participants will gain deeper understanding of impact of yogic practices on anatomy and physiology of human body. Students will participate in discussions, lectures and hands on training to gain new insights on what it means to be a yoga teacher and to enhance their teaching abilities. We will examine how we teach while exploring the art and science of teaching methodology from a multidisciplinary yogic perspective. Application of Yogic Concepts in Traditional Yogic Texts (12 hrs) This section aims at providing an in-depth understanding of application of Yogic concepts to human life on the basis of Traditional Texts. A. Patanjala Yoga Sutras (8 hrs) Yogic understanding of Chitta (Human psyche): Its structure and functions Applied aspect of Abhyasa (practice) & Vairagya (detachment) Applied aspect of Chittaprasadana - Yogic ways to manage the mind, emotions and thought processes. Applied aspect of Kriyayoga –to refine the basic potential of human being. Yogic understanding of Kleshas ( afflictions) /Antarayas (obstacles) , Vitarkas (negative thoughts) and the ways to overcome. Rationale and application of Ashtangayoga (eightfold path of Yoga) B. Yoga in Bhagavadgita (2 hrs) Yoga Psychology in Bhagavad Gita Concept of Jnana, Bhakti and Karma Yoga and their synthesis. C. Psychological Concepts (2 hrs) Person-perception and social intelligence Harmonious adjustments in group setting Attitude change and attitude formation Styles of attitudes and Making learning process more meaningful. Yogic Anatomy and Physiology (10 hrs) Brain and Yoga Anatomy of brain Functions of various parts of brain Sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanism Limbic and cortical mechanism Neuro-endocrine axis Role of neurotransmitters and the electrical phenomenon of brain
Brain plasticity - modifying in brainwork through yoga Modern research on brain activities and yoga practices Concept of Meditation Concept of Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi, (Patanjali’s view) Concept of samapatti Samadhi- Savikalpa- Nirvikalpa- with scientific interpretation Nirbeeja Samadhi Mechanism of altered brain function (scientific research study on brain) Tantra- 11 types Hatha Yoga- nadanusandhanam, prandharana Pranayama - Scientific Concept and Effect on Body Patanjali Yoga Sutras and Hathayoga Pradipika Scientific definition Effect on brain and metabolism- neurotransmitters and brain wave functions during pranayama./Effect on cellular enzymes. Effect on respiratory system. CO2 consumption and effect of CO2 during kumbhaka. Blood study - hormone levels, blood cells, waste materials Effect on other systems and organs. Psychological effect. Pranayama - Types According to Gheranda Samhita and Hathapradipika Anulom –vilom, Ujjayi, Bhramari, Suryabhedana, chandrabhedana, Bhastrica, Sitali, Sitkari, Advancement in pranayama Bandha-mudra Keval kumbhaka. Pranayama - Therapeutic effect Traditional references and scientific research Acute stress Various psychosomatic disorders - insomnia, migraine, hyperacidity, constipation, menstrual irregularities, skin allergies Metabolic disorders - hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart
disease Geriatric problems Respiratory disorders Pregnancy, lactation, menopause Digestion-Metabolism and yogic practices Anatomy of digestive system Physiology of digestion- digestion of protein, fat and carbohydrates Metabolism- definition Anabolism and catabolism Factors affecting digestion and metabolism Indigestion and it’s complications Concept of yogic diet (in comparison with Ayurveda and modernscience.) Asana – definition, types, effects on the body According to Patanjali Yoga Sutras According to Hathayoga Pradipika Scientific meaning and mechanism Asana and physical exercise Effect on various systems-organs Psychological and spiritual effect of asana Types of asanas Precautions during the practice of asana Meditative and Relaxing Asanas - anatomy and physiology Anatomy of spine and pelvis Para-spinal, inter-vertebral and pelvic muscles Chest and abdominal muscles Spine, pelvis, chest, abdomen in meditative asana
Padmhasana, Siddhasana Vajrasana Shavasana.
Cultural Asanas - anatomy and physiology Forward bending (Paschimottanasana, Yogamudra,Padhastasana) Back bending (Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana, Chakrasana.Ushtrasana) Twisting (Vakrasana, Matsyendrasana) Inverted asanas (Viparit karni, Sarvangasana, Shirsasana) Shoulder lift (Kukkutasana, Bakasana, Mayurasana)
Lying supine (Halasana) Lying prone (Shalabhasana) Standing asanas (Vrukshasana, Virabhadrasana) Kriya - scientific concept and practices Importance of cleansing View of Hathapradipika View of Gheranda Samhita Relation between digestion, metabolism and nervous system Nadishuddhi and its scientific interpretation Dhauti- mechanism, effect, precautions Neti-mechanism, effect, precautions Shankhaprakshalana- mechanism, effect, precautions Basic Concepts of Yoga Therapy Traditional references Yoga and Ayurveda Health and its scientific Interpretation Reconditioning of psychophysical mechanism through yoga Scientific approach to yoga therapy Yoga Therapy for Specific Conditions Stress management Muscle-skeletal diseases Metabolic diseases Female conditions Digestive disorders Respiratory Disorders Teaching Methodology (10 hrs) This section aims at providing lectures and hands-on training to gain new insights on what it means to be a yoga teacher and to
enhance students’ practicalteaching abilities and skills. Teaching Methodology (10 hrs) Adult learning theory How to create an effective lesson plan Effective use of teaching aids Communication Skills Practical knowledge of effective verbal and non verbal communication Learn effects of subtle communication Questioning and constructive feedback skills
Learn effective presentation techniques Communication in cultural diversity Yogic Ethics and Guidelines Understanding the relationship between teacher and student Applied teacher’s code of conductRespecting cultural diversity Yoga as Self Development Tool Teacher’s self practice and its influence on ability to teach yoga Evaluation of students using self assessment tool and setting individual goals that lead them in development, based on their abilities
and needs Content of Practical Classes Kriyas: Jalaneti Rubber neti Vaman Dhoti Kapalbhati Tratak Asanas: Meditative: Padmasana Siddhasan Swastikasana Samasana Relaxation asana: Shavasana Makarasana Cultural asanas: Forward bending Pascchimottasana Yoga Mudra Padastasana Back bendingasanas: Bhujangasana Dhanurasana Chakrasana Ustrasana
Twisting asanas: Vakrasana Adrda Matsyendrasana Inverted asanas: Vipriti Karni Sarvangasana Shirsasana Lying supine: Halasana Karnapibasana Matsyasana Lying Prone: Shalabasana Standing asana: Vriksasana Utkatasana Sidebending Chakrasana Bandha and Mudras Uddyana bandha Jivabandha Jalandharbandha Moolabandha Simha Mudra Brahma Mudra
Pranayama: Anuloma Viloma Ujjayi Sitali/Shitkari Bhastrika Bhramari Mantras: Gayatri Maha Mrytynjaya Omkar
