k - 36 biosintesis hormon

8/7/2019 K - 36 Biosintesis hormon

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HORMONE SYNTHESIS,HORMONE SYNTHESIS,RELEASE AND TRANSPORTRELEASE AND TRANSPORT


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The hormones speak :The hormones speak :

We are the chemical messengers of theWe are the chemical messengers of the

body.body.

Diversified in our structure andDiversified in our structure and

function;function;

Act either directly or through messenger;Act either directly or through messenger;

Growth, health, and welfare is our mottoGrowth, health, and welfare is our motto


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Hormone:Hormone:

produced in small amounts by specificproduced in small amounts by specific

tissues (endocrine glands), control thetissues (endocrine glands), control the

metabolicmetabolic and biological activities in theand biological activities in the

target cellstarget cells

HormoneHormone


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HORMONE CLASSIFICATIONHORMONE CLASSIFICATION

Protein and polypeptideProtein and polypeptide

AmineAmine

SteroidSteroid

EicosanoidEicosanoid


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BIOCHEMISTRYBIOCHEMISTRY

MEDICAL FACULTY USUMEDICAL FACULTY USU


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PEPTIDE HORMONESPEPTIDE HORMONES

Consist of specific amino acidsConsist of specific amino acids

Synthesized as large precursor proteinsSynthesized as large precursor proteins

Stored in membraneStored in membrane--enclosedenclosed

compartmentscompartments

HydrophillicHydrophillic


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PEPTIDA INSULINPEPTIDA INSULIN

Di sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagaiDi sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagaipreproinsulinpreproinsulin

Untuk sekresi disimpan di RESUntuk sekresi disimpan di RES oleh oleh enzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadienzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadi

proinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RESproinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RES

Proinsulin diangkut keProinsulin diangkut ke golgi kompleksgolgi komplekspp

dikemas menjadi secretory granulesdikemas menjadi secretory granules

Di granula, CDi granula, C--Peptida dipisahkanPeptida dipisahkanpp insulininsulindisekresikandisekresikan


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Protein and Polypeptide Hormones SynthesisProtein and Polypeptide Hormones Synthesis

: Peptide hormone synthesis and packaging


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ProinsulinProinsulin

InsulinInsulin


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AMINE HORMONESAMINE HORMONES

Derived from the amino acid tyrosineDerived from the amino acid tyrosine

Includes thyroid hormones andIncludes thyroid hormones and

catecholaminescatecholamines

Stored until secretedStored until secreted


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Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4

hormoneshormones Iodide (IIodide (I--) actively transported into the) actively transported into the

follicle of thyroid glandfollicle of thyroid gland

Oxidized to iodine (IOxidized to iodine (Ioo

) by a peroxidase) by a peroxidase

Thyroid HormonesThyroid Hormones


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Iodine attached to tyrosine withinIodine attached to tyrosine within

thyroglobulin chainthyroglobulin chain

MIT, DITMIT, DIT

MIT and DIT or 2 DIT moleculesMIT and DIT or 2 DIT molecules

coupled togethercoupled together

TSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze TTSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze T33and Tand T44 from thyroglobulin (inhibited byfrom thyroglobulin (inhibited by

KI)KI)

Thyroid HormonesThyroid Hormones


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STEROID HORMONESSTEROID HORMONES

Precursor: CholesterolPrecursor: Cholesterol

LipophillicLipophillic

Immediately released from the cellImmediately released from the cell

following synthesisfollowing synthesis


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Hormon SteroidHormon Steroid

KorteksKorteks adrenaladrenal sintesissintesis ::

glukokortikoidglukokortikoid,, mineralokortikoidmineralokortikoid, sex, sex

steroidsteroidTerutamaTerutama daridari kolesterolkolesterol plasma (plasma (sebagiansebagian

kecilkecil daridari asetilasetil koAkoA))

KolesterolKolesterol plasmaplasma dirubahdirubah menjadimenjadi

pregnenolonpregnenolon oleholeh enzimenzim sitokromsitokrom P450P450((mitkondriamitkondria atauatau RES)RES)


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Kekhususan seluler :Kekhususan seluler :

sintesis mineralokortikoid pada selsintesis mineralokortikoid pada sel

glomerulosaglomerulosa

18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid

dehidrogenase hanya ditemukan padadehidrogenase hanya ditemukan pada

sel inisel ini


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Golongan Hormon SteroidGolongan Hormon Steroid


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Protein TransportProtein Transport

Thyroid Hormones Thyroid Hormones

Globulin alfa (85%)Globulin alfa (85%)TBGTBG

TBPA (transferitin)TBPA (transferitin)

Albumin sedikitAlbumin sedikit


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KortisolKortisol-- 75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)

-- 10 % kortisol bebas10 % kortisol bebas

-- selebihnya pada albuminselebihnya pada albumin(mis deksametason)(mis deksametason)


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AndrogenAndrogen

-- DHEA terikat lemah pada albuminDHEA terikat lemah pada albumin

-- Testoteron terikat pada globulin spesifikTestoteron terikat pada globulin spesifik( SHBG)( SHBG)

MineralokortikoidMineralokortikoid-- tidak punya protein pengangkut spesifiktidak punya protein pengangkut spesifik

-- membentuk ikatan lemah denganmembentuk ikatan lemah dengan

abuminabumin


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EICOSANOIDS HORMONEEICOSANOIDS HORMONE

Produced fromProduced from arachidonicarachidonic acid,acid,

Released from phospholipids by action ofReleased from phospholipids by action ofphospholipasephospholipase AA2,2,phphososphpholipase Colipase C

Produced in almost every organProduced in almost every organ

In one pathwayIn one pathway arachidonicarachidonic acid isacid isconverted toconverted to prostanoidsprostanoids by a group ofby a group of

enzymes, theenzymes, the cyclooxygenasecyclooxygenase systemsystem

A second pathway to produceA second pathway to produce leukotrienesleukotrienes

b the enz me 5b the enz me 5 li ox enaseli ox enase


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EICOSANOIDS HORMONEEICOSANOIDS HORMONE


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ProstaglandinsProstaglandins

SAIDS inhibit action of phospholipaseSAIDS inhibit action of phospholipase

NSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives ofNSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives of

ibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity ofibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity ofPGH2 SynthasePGH2 Synthase

They inhibit formation of prostaglandinsThey inhibit formation of prostaglandinsinvolved in fever, pain, & inflammationinvolved in fever, pain, & inflammation

They inhibit blood clotting by blockingThey inhibit blood clotting by blockingthromboxane formation in blood plateletsthromboxane formation in blood platelets


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REFERENCESREFERENCES

Devlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry withDevlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry withClinical Correlations 5thed. WileyClinical Correlations 5thed. Wiley--Liss, New York.Liss, New York.2002 : 9062002 : 906--952, 982952, 982--983983

McKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecularMcKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecular

basis of Life. 3rded. McGrawbasis of Life. 3rded. McGraw--Hill. Americas, NewHill. Americas, NewYork. 2003 : 541York. 2003 : 541--559559

Murray R K, et al.Murray R K, et al. Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434--473473

Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832--892892

Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:340340--358358

k - 36 biosintesis hormon

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