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Srebrni novac - Silikva

Kovnica: Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica)

JULIJE FLAVIJE KONSTANCIJE II

(337-361)

Rezime

Treći sin Konstantina Velikog, Konstancije II, rođen je u Sirmijumu 317. godine. Kao dečak uveden je u konzulsku vlast dobivši titulu cezara. Posle smrti oca 337. godine sinovi su dobili vlast podelivši među sobom teritorije carstva: Konstantin II, najstariji sin, dobio je zapadni deo, najmlađi Konstans Italiju, Iliriku i Afriku, a Konstancije II bogate, ali vojno opasne istočne provincije. U građanskim ratovima koji su usledili i sukobima među braćom, Konstancije II je pokazao najviše državničke i ljudske mudrosti. Tokom građanskog rata protiv Julijana umro je 361. godine od groznice u Mopsukrenu, u podnožju planine Taur.

Ključne reči: Konstancije II, Konstantin Veliki, Sirmijum, konzulska vlast, cezar, Magnencije, Fausta, novac, kovanica, Trijer, Konstantin II, Konstans, Krisp

JEL: B11, E42, N23

UDK 737.1(497.113)"337/361"

Svetlana Pantelić

Udruženje banaka Srbijesvetlana.pantelic@ubs-asb.com

pregledni naučni članak

Rad primljen: 08.11.2013.

Odobren za štampu: 12.11.2013.

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JULIUS FLAVIUS CONSTANTIUS II

(337-361)

Summary

The third son of Constantine the Great, Constantius II, was born in Sirmium in 317. As a boy he was initiated into consulship by being given a title of Caesar. After Constantine the Great’s demise in 337, his sons inherited the throne, dividing among themselves the territories of the Empire: Constantine II, the eldest son, got the Western regions; the youngest Constant got Italy, Illyricum and Africa, whereas Constantius II got the prosperous, yet military dangerous Eastern provinces. In the civil wars that ensued and the conflicts among the brothers, Constantius II demonstrated the highest diplomatic and human wisdom. During the civil war against Julian, he died from fever in Mopsucrene, at the foot of the Taurus Mountain.

Keywords: Constantius II, Constantine the Great, Sirmium, consulship, Caesar, Magnentius, Fausta, coins, Trier, Constantine II, Constans, Crispus

JEL: B11, E42, N23

UDC 737.1(497.113)"337/361"

Svetlana Pantelić

Association of Serbian Bankssvetlana.pantelic@ubs-asb.com

scientific review article

Silver coin - Siliqua

Mint: Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica)Paper received: 08.11.2013

Approved for publishing: 12.11.2013

Treći sin Konstantina Velikog, Konstancije II, rođen je u Sirmijumu 317. godine. Svojoj deci Konstantin Veliki je pružio dobro

obrazovanje obezbedivši im najbolje učitelje: poznate grčke filozofe, iskusne rimske pravnike i čuvene profesore hrišćanskog učenja. Konstancije II je bio vredan učenik, postao je izvrstan poznavalac nauke i retorike, pesnik, ali i sposoban gimnastičar i atletičar, vešt konjanik i vojnik.

Kao dečak uveden je u konzulsku vlast dobivši titulu cezara. Posle smrti oca 337. godine sinovi su dobili vlast podelivši među sobom teritorije carstva: Konstantin II, najstariji sin, dobio je zapadni deo, najmlađi Konstans Italiju, Iliriku i Afriku, a Konstancije II bogate, ali vojno opasne istočne provincije.

U građanskim ratovima koji su usledili i sukobima među braćom, Konstancije II je pokazao najviše državničke i ljudske mudrosti. Kada je Magnencije ubio Konstansa 350. godine i prigrabio vlast na zapadu, Konstancije II je ušao u rat i kod Murse (Osjek) 351. godine pobedio Magnencija. Uspešno se borio sa Sarmatima i Kvadima, a protiv Persije sa promenljivom srećom. Tokom građanskog rata protiv Julijana umro je od groznice u Mopsukrenu, u podnožju planine Taur.

The third son of Constantine the Great, Constantius II, was born in Sirmium in 317. Constantine the Great provided excellent

education to his children, hiring the best teachers: eminent Greek philosophers, experienced Roman notaries, and renowned instructors

of the Christian doctrine. Constantius II was a diligent pupil, and became truly well-versed in science and rhetoric, but also came to be a skillful gymnast and athlete, a dexterous horse-rider and soldier.

As a boy he was initiated into consulship by being given a title of Caesar. After Constantine the Great’s demise in 337, his sons inherited

the throne, dividing among themselves the territories of the Empire: Constantine II, the eldest son, got the Western regions; the youngest Constant got Italy, Illyricum and Africa, whereas Constantius II got the prosperous, yet military dangerous Eastern provinces.

In the civil wars that ensued and the conflicts among the brothers, Constantius II demonstrated the highest diplomatic and human wisdom. When Magnentius murdered Constans in 350 and usurped the throne in the West, Constantius II declared war, defeating Magnentius in the battle of Mursa (Osjek) in 351. He successfully fought against the Sarmatians and the Quadi, and against Persia with changeable luck. During the civil war against Julian, he died from fever in Mopsucrene, at the foot of the Taurus Mountain.

Deo pojasa - medaljon sa likom Konstancija II

Belt section with medallion of Constantius II

Na novcu kovanom 317. godine u Trijeru, povodom rođenja Konstancija II, na licu kovanice prikazana je Fausta, druga

žena Konstantina Velikog i majka Konstancija II. Na naličju ova carica prikazana je kao matrona na tronu, sa nimbusom oko glave, novorođenim sinom u krilu, dok se sa strane nalaze Konstantinovi stariji sinovi Krisp i Konstantin II.

Na licu bronzanog novca kovanog u periodu 348-351. godine dat je profil Konstancija II: krupne oči, pravilne crte, duga kosa. Na naličju se nalazi legenda FEL TEMP REPARATIO, kojom je trebalo da se prizovu srećna vremena i aludira na 1100 godina postojanja Rima. Prikazan je trijumf nad neprijateljem predstavom rimskog vojnika koji je pobednički nadnesen nad palim neprijateljskim konjanikom.

Ceremonijalna posudaA ceremonial dish

The obverse of the coins minted in 317 in Trier, to

celebrate the birth of Constantius II, depicted Fausta, the second wife of Constantine the Great and mother of Constantius II. The reverse of these coins portrayed the Empress as a matron on the throne, a nimbus encircling her head, holding her newly-born son in her lap, with Constantine’s elder sons, Crispus and Constantine II, standing by her side.

The obverse of the bronze coins minted in the period 348-351 depicted the profile of Constantius II: with large eyes, attractive features, and long hair. The reverse showed a legend FEL TEMP REPARATIO, which was supposed to evoke the happy times and allude to the 1100-year long history of Rome. The coin illustrated the triumph over the rival by depicting a Roman soldier victoriously stooped over the fallen enemy horseman.

Literatura / References

1. Gračanin, Hrvoje, Dramatična bitka kod Murse 351. godine, Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu

2. Jovanović, Aleksandar (2006), Tlo Srbije zavičaj rimskih careva. Beograd: Princip Bonart Pres.

3. Lopandić, Duško (2007), Purpur imperije - Rimski carevi sa prostora Srbije i Balkana. Beograd: Book&Marso.

4. Matović, Dragana, (4.8.2009), Cezar u kolevci, Večernje novosti