jovan delić - desanka maksimović: poezija praštanja i milosrđa

7/29/2019 Jovan Deli - Desanka Maksimovi: Poezija pratanja i milosra

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5AlUTHHA. ITpUJIITIIII


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34 JOBaH ,D,CJIunnjeue - MOpaJIa nparirrn I I HCBlIHOCT njccnuuxax ocjchan,a. onCyCTBOcnaxora 3J1a M neraruanor narioja. Kao na jc aanarax narpuorcxe njecstena 6y,lJ,c canpnrcuo 6C3rpCIlJHa, CBeTa, 1I3BaH cnaxor 3J1a. Y TOMC je jeuaaOJ{ OC06CHOCTU najriori,e naTpUOTCKC noeanje Ilecanxe MaKCMMOBHft,H,CHO \ I O ) J ( J ~ a npno 11 najnaacnajc CBOjCTBO: 6UTl l 6JIar, npnstaha CCCBCTOCTII, 6UTl l CJI060naH on 3J1a, 611TU cnpexiau na npaurran.e.

To jc nocrano II ,lJ,MO njcCHMlIKOr nporpaxra Ilecanxe MaKcHMoBI Ih ,IhCHO npBO I I OCHOBHO IlOCTIPIKO Ha"lICJIO Kana jc 0 narpno-rcxoj rroesnjupnje-r. 0130 nOCTM1IKO na-reno je IIOCTaJIO TCMa g lmjy njccaxta: Ilpeu oauCJ1060()t! I I Tlaiiipuoiiictcu pasioeop ca Cptiuua?

Tljccxia Ilpeu (Jail cnotioae unje on Haj6on:JIIX njecaxra IlecanxeMaKCIIMOBllh, arm je nparonjena npu npoy-ranan.y H.>CHC IIOCTHKC. T o jelIOJW)J(a rtjccxia IHC3gCCCT U 1'p l l crnxa pacnopehena y neacr crporpa.Hcnjenana jc y npyrou JIUu,y KOjUM CC JIUpCKll cyrijexar - HCJI\lCHOBaHI1)KCHCKH rnac - H H3 0M J Illp CKHX anena ofipaha l I jCCHHKY, 6opu,y TCKnp11cnjCJIOM 113 para, na npsa nan cnorione. Y TOM )KCHCKOM rnacy KHlITC"pC"lI l l HC)J(HC" UITO C l I jCCHllKOBHM "pa3yMoM CC 60pc" . Te fuC)KHC pnjeuacy rnac 6narOCHI H npanrran.a; rnac jennor njecnu-rxor nporpaxra.)KCHCKH rnac anerryje na njecnaxa paTHHKa na 6YlJ:c onpesan Kana ronopao 3JIY,

jc p fuY,lJ,CKOMC CC cpuy HC l IpUC'I'OjHna ueny xyny neacxasanor jana6JIHCKOM lJOBCKy aa cpue aspy-rn.

He nocrojn noesuja 3aTO na crporo Cy,lJ,H 0 J I, Yl J:UMa - sa TO cyuapena H 3 a K O H O , l J , a B l ~ H - seh na H rrOKpC'I'OM H nOrJIC,lJ,OM, H rJIaCOM,lJ,OHOCU fuE)KHOC'I' H 6JIaroc'I ' :

HCKa CBaK npyrn crporo Cy,lJ,H,'I'H r asa cnyna xao npexo pane ,I IorJICAOM csera 'I'H CC 6JIaro TMlIH,xao UITO CC 60JICCHOr 'I'I1lIC "lIOBCK CHHa(oo .)TH 6JIar 6y,lJ,H

2 C. n., II, 216..1 C. Tl., 11, 218. - 06je njecae cy 83 IICTor ~ I I K J I y c a IICTe 36lIpKe xao II .Kpsanafiajxa".


3/11

Iloesnja npanrran,a H MlI JI O Cpl) a

( ... )Tn rreCHMK CU, U OJIar 6yJJ,H.

35

)KCHCKH rnac Tpm-KH MHJIOCT H Gnarocr - Tpa)KlI IIOMHJHmalhC 3aOHC KOjC je Tyi)HH 3aBCo M xojuxra je rrpnnx J ~ a H a cnotioue npajcrunaKa3Ha; aa one KOjM nnjccy HMaJIII gOBOJbHO xparipocrn JIJIII cynpMXBaTJIJIII Tyi)IHICKII MIITO, je p Tyi)HH je , xao 3apa3HJ1 60JIeCHlIK, "CUJIaoKy)KHC KJJJ1IJ,C no CBaKOM xpajy", rra

MHorH II MHOrIl cy JIJYrln orytianurrcnmm xa o I 1 T 1 1 I ~ C11ITO rJIaJJ,HC OTpOBHO npoco n0306Jhy.

Y sasprnuoj crpotpn njecnnxon " rJ lac UlTO yucx pexce: jcMCK xao JVlaH ceneKarl MJIJIYJC y orrpaIlITaHJY

Brrarocr, MCKOft.a, rrpaurran,e cy - sa Ilecarrxy MaKCIlMOImft. ayren-rn-nro njcCHJ1KOBO cnojcrno 11 y CypOBHM BpCMCHIIMa.

H HapCJJ,Ha nporpancxa njecsra jc y 3HaKy JIJlpCKOr arrerra. YTltuiipuoiiictcou P([.32060PY ca Cp6U.11l1 ce He ny je APyrJI rnac, rrrac Cpoa.nch casro rnac )KCHC rrjCCHJIKJIH:>C, L'1aC KOjJI JIM ce otipaha. Oryna j c I IOB,u,jC JJ,OMJIHaHTHO npy ro m'IIJ,C. Tlpnn CTI1X TC njecxre rrracn:

Cp61I, 6yJJ,IIMO npBII y rrpaurran.y.A OHAa cc OH y rrpCOCTaJlIIX mCCT CTJIXOBa rrpnc crporpe yTCMCJIJyje

H 06pa3JIa)KC nopcben.ev BCJIIFIHHe npaurran,a C BCJIWIlIHOl\[ 60p6c IICaMOnO)KpTBOBafua y 6op611:

HCTO TOJIJ1KO Jle)KII Be,,'1WIIIHCy pCtIH onpourrajnojI l ITO 3a3BOHl1 na ycnax ia jynaxa,KOJlJIKO Ma y KOjOj 6op6n cja jnoj ,Ma y KOjOj on 6HTaKarne ce jyHal IKI I rnne.


4/11

36 Jonan J],CJIUTIOHOMC KO .1e 113 paTa mautao xao n o 6 . 1 c l ~ H I 1 K H3()oplnmIlI CJIOOony,

npUJlWl11 na cc Y xrnpy Y3nlDKe na HajBIf luI IM BpIIjCl-(HOCTIIMa cnooone l1J l ~ Y , D ; C K O C T l l , na ce na cuora cynapormnka (a onnjc .1c Y I111TaH)Y cnucrnoxaY KO.1Oj nojennnan osnauasa "lIlITaB napon) ancrryje:

Tn npua YlHIHI1 na ce KaA


5/11

Ilocanja npaurran.a I I snr.nocpha 37npanrran,c, 6JlarOCT 11 xrnnocphc unjecy caxro nplIBJIJICrUJa

naTpllOTCKIIX njecaxia, neh npozcuxiajy ujcnoxyuuy noesnjy ,UccaHKCMaKCMMOBHft. y CBUM H)cmHvl cPa3al\la. na H y CBB!'.! l-bCHIIl\l TCl\laTCKHM

T O K O I : m ~ l a . Y nporpaxrcxo-ncnosnjcnaoj UjCCMI1 MOJlHTBCHOr HaC;IOBaBepvjeu' - CaCTaBJhCHoj 113 j C J ~ H e yBOp,HC npO:31IC P C t I C H I f I ~ C B cenaxinaecrCTI1XOBa YKOMIlOHOBaHHX y UjCJHIHy ua rrpunuauuxia uonann.an,a (xaoanadiopa CC nOCJhCp,HO nonaan.a rnarorr eepvjeu C npC)])lOrOM Y).naripajaa,a (nafipaja CC CC/laMHaCCT 06jCK3T3 11 npajcnnoc'ra y xojenjccnnx njepyjc) I i ClIHTaKClPIKor rrapancrnraxra ( n p C J ~ H K a T + npcnrror +oojexar) - H3Jla3I1MO xao necern onaj CTlfX:

nepyjev y p a ) ~ O C T npanrran.a.He caxio na npaurran,c nnje HeIllTO H3Hyl)eHo. pe.reuo pena paHH

IUHI H3 ocjehan,a p,y)KHOCTH, neh je IIOBC3aHO C panoruhy. Panocrnpaurran,a je , naxne, jernra on OHlfX B P I I j C J ~ H O C T l I Y KOjC njecanxau,aHajIflITHIvIHlIje njepyje 11 sa -ruje oCTBapCH>C rroanua cnojuxr 6pojmnrJlIIPCKIIM II03IIBI1Ma.

TOH r-.-nmocpl)a II 6,narocTH Ha,na3UMO neh y pauoj njecxm Ha 6YPlr'rnje njecHHKIIH)a CaMHJlOCHO ocjeha na jo j je pOJ(

Ta.1 l.IOBeK IIJlII 60purro CByne-rep 6mny rpoxraCTO.1II II rrrena y HaIlI nsop.

Y IIHTIIMHOj njecxru Kneiiiea U MOJlltiI16d' njenojxa CC oripaha Eoryna .1oj yCJ1IIIIIlI "MH,nocTHBe KJlCTBC" 11 na jo j BpaT11 nparora KOjU jy jcnanycrno. OCBeTa OCTaBJhCHC npare HHjC sna, Ben MCKa:

OCBCTa xroja 6IIhe xrexa,jep CpIJ,C Moje ra l.ICKaI f nan.y II nohy 6C3 npoxrene.

C. 11. II. 102. - OBO je sanpunra njecsra npno r a I ~ I I K J I y c a ..11POtIl1T(lIlO caC J I I I K O B m I l ~ e Y geTHlhCTBY" Y 3 6 I l P I ~ 1 I 3apo(iJIJt'Hli/( cuoea, Haponna xn.nra. IJ,cTIIlhe 1960_

5 C. 11., I. 70. -Tljccua je II3 rpeher IVIKJlyca (..JlIIpCKC oasc") 36IIpKC Ilecsie, c. 1;.Llsnjanonaha, Beorpan 1924.h C. 11.. I, 185. - Iljecua je rrs npnor ~ I 1 K J I y c a , UCTOIIMClIor ca 3unpKoM GeneuuIi/IIT/ea, U3H,UhC uaconnca Macao, Beorpan 1930.


6/11

38 .ToBaH HCJIuhY njecxnr )J{eHC/ Ha}Ia311MO crnx xojn 011 xrorao crajara xao 3a

IIlTHTHn 3HaK ujenoxynne noeaaje ,UccaHKC Maacnnosnh:Cpue MIl je MIIJIOCTII 113BOp.

11 y noannjaxr njecsrasra OBe njcCHJ1KIUhC Hahn hexro CTI1XOBC xojnno-rapasajy 3aHOC r-.mJIocpl)a, I I TO nax njermser-, xao UITO Ka)J(C onaj CTHX113 njecue Ha iinauuuu/'

3HaK MluIOcpl)a 11 rrpaurran.a je Y ) J ( n B . ' I ~ a B a l b C y Tyl)e necpche,cnOCOOHOCT pasysrajeuan,a rybax r r a T H ~ 1 I 11 onjcnan,e THX na ru.u I nncpcnCKTHBC naTHI1Ka 11 uecpehmnca. ,UOBOJLHO je caxro HaBCCTI1 HaCnOI3Cnjecaxra: Haiiyuiiiiena oeeojua,' Flecua 0 uaiiyuuiienou oeiiieiuy," )Kellaoja ce upooaje," OCYgellUKoB iiocneou.u uac. I I C a " ~ 1 O Y ( ) U L ( a , 13 Ilo.ayoe.uteosap iiieruca," JIyilULU.!\. tcpos Caxapy" 11 MO l i O J W 2 posonapanoi."

TIpl1pOJJ:HO je lIITO he npaurran,e 11 Ml1JIOcpl)e 6UTU Te!\IaT1I30BaHI1 IIy njecxraxia y xojasia ce B0Jl:U JIHpCKl1 nnjanor C 60rOBl1Ma, a nocefiao ynjecsraxra y xojmra CC rrpcncmrryjc QUCTOTa COIICTBelIOr cpna. Taxonnpcxn cyrijexa r y njecun Tnac uohu" rrperroanaje rnac ropa KaKOnpajc'rchaxr IIl1T3fbIlMa onoxran.e. Ul1jCJIa TplI U TIO xarpcna npnrranajymrrair.axia Tora rnaca, a CBaKO 0Jl: TUX rnrran,a ynyhyje na TIHCTOTy IIJJ:06pOTynyure. I13JJ:BajaM caxro Tpehy crporpy:

JCCIl JIH yrexy ,a:eJIUJIa .'1>y,a:mvIaxao TIHCTy CBCTy B O , a : H I ~ Y ?

7 C. IT., 11,71.- Ilectuuc u saeu-utj, Flpocaera, Beorpan 1946.x C. IL Ill, 63. - M u p u c ae.HJ1Je, Ilpocnera. Beorpan 1955.'J C. IT., II, 108.H}Hero, 110.II Hero, 113.12 Hero, 115.1.1 Hero, 118.14 Heio, 120.I'>Hero, 122.16 Hero, 123. - CBC OBC njecsre (6UJI>ClIIKC 9-16) npnnanajy ~ I I K J I Y C Y ..ITYTHlIK TPC

he KJIaCC" II3 36IIpKC Ilecuutc u saeuua], Hpocsera, Eeorpan 1946.17C. IT., I, 216. - Genenu uiiies. Beorpan 1930.


7/11

IToC3I1ja npanrrau.a IIMl!.1lOcpl:)aJeCH JUI yBCK na rpynaxraCclBCCTH HOCIVlaBoroponuuy?

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Iljecxra Tlouuny], EOJKe/ 8 seh HaCJIOBOM cyrepnpa I\[CmHTBCHH.urryprajcxi; TOH, oripahan,c Tocnony sa MHJIOCT H npaurran.e. a njecxra ynp03II 31UlK KpclTlaJ'} jc I ~ H j C J I a 0 n p a l I r r a H ~ y , npu tICMy je 3HaK KpCTa IICTOlIITO H npaIIITaI-hC. Tljecsra CC, I\lei)YTHM, noerrrupa n I 1 T a H ~ e M na JIH jc KpCl 'npaurran.a AOBOJbaH sa cnac nyure:

Moj BCJII1KU 3HaK Kpcra je xan npanrrajyhn MaXHCM PYKOM.OH MC ncsyje aa npnjaren.e U nenpajaren.e, OC3 a.era6nx OCTaJIa cava nOA CyHU;CM.OH MC I\mpu ca Hc6oM: 6e3 }hcra OI1 M1I CC nyura npCTBOpUJIay BCJIUKy novp-nmy Mp)KI-bC.I-bl1MC CC KPCTl1l\1 6y.n;dm ce na ropxoxi Y3rJlaBJhYn.yoana.I-bl1MC hy ce npCKpCTl1TU na nOCJIeAlhCM npary 3eMJbC, II nanpBOM CTCnCHl1KY 06JIaKa. -Xohe JIHTO 611TI1 AOCTa sa MaJIy J b Y l ~ C K Y nyury?

Iljecsra Pa.Jl080p MOl-U1XUfbe c SOlOM:!1I ncnjesana jc rJIaCOM KOjHAOJIa311 H3 nepcnexrnae xronaxan,e ynyhemnr Tocnony y JIl1pCKOMAl1jaJIOry CH>l1M, a noerrra jo j je y 3HaKy paAOCTl1 npanrran.a:

MeHl1 je CJIaTKO na naTl1M II npanrrasraxo je TOMl1JIO npaeenaoxr Bory.

DjeCHI1Kl1lha CJIaBl1 nporsehe xao Ml1JIOCPAHOr MJlaAOr Bora (So lMHAocpl;a:!/) II natipaja n.erosa Ml1JIOCpAHa njena, Kao na 113a MJIaAOrBora Ml1JIOcpi)a npoanpyje CTapOCJIOBeHCKa 60rl1lha Becrra, jep jeIlecanxa MaKCl1MOBl1h BCJIl1Kl1 npOTl1BHUK aatiopana. Hseuo ysjepen.e jena je rrpano lIMe nasrheisy xynrypa. 3aTO je njecnax no CJIy)K6eHojAY)KHOCTII npOTl1BHl1K safiopana. Ilepyaona rrOTOMU;U He 611 CMjCJIUaariopaaara Ilcpyna, BOJIoca, Becay, CBeToBII.n;a, )KUBy Hl1 Mopany,I1aKO cy npl1XBaTl1JIIf Xpncra. aajsnme C n.eroeora crpanan,a II pana,

IXC. n., I, 229.19C. Il. , I, 311. - T030a HlJ IlUHLU)U, Macao. Beorpan 1932.20 C. n., I, 363. - HOHe iiecue, CaBpCMeHlIK - CK3, Beorpan 1936.21C. Il., 1,408. - HOHe iiecue, CaBpeMeHHK - CK3, Beorpan 1936.


8/11

40 .J OH,lII JI,eJIuhOOOpCHM, CTapOCnOnCHCKII 60roBl1 1'13a3MBajy Ca)KaJhCHJC II Cd1HElOCT. aXplICTOBO crpanau.e llJ1HjCHlI C P I ~ C cpncxe njccnmom.e. OTBopeHO 3a CRCxo jn Tpnc iOtiopenu 6o{'.!). Crapn Gororm cy TlyBapn KynTypHO[nasrhen.a, HalIIJfX uajcrapnjnx MIlTOBa 11 HaIlIC IlOC3IIjC. fbHM3 CCnjccunxun,a o6paha xao rpCIJIHl1M - jep cy naraHCKII 11 cymnne JhynCKII -an n IInaK cnCTlIM n 0 3 H a H 1 U ~ l 1 M a , CBjCCHllM csoje npOJIa3HOCn1 (Ciuapll6 - "')206 l r - :

CTapIIM ce Goror3I1},Ia naKIlIC 1 1 C n O B C n a ~ l ,CIhlH,la JhynCKH rOBOpllTI1 J\1Ory,peh11I1M name HO H C 1 ~ O K Y ~ I l 1 B O M 1301'1',npnsnar cnaxy OJl, 3 a 6 J l Y J ~ a 11 GeJl,a.

CTapH 60[01311 cy. naxnc. OHJIl1 uonjexy 6JIII)Kll, na ) ~ O X B a T pyKC. 11Ihl lMa ce oripaha ca MaH,C crpaxa II BllIUC carypuocra. 11 casrn yrpOA


9/11

Iloesnja npaurrau.a II MlIJlOCpl)KypHO rrpexopanyje3HAonc H3MCl)y cuoxa; na ryfin csoje xpavose. na - I 1 M r r J I H l ~ 1 1 T H O IIMCTOHHMHjCKH - H cnojy xpnurhancxy sjcpy. Bpauehn cjerraJhe naFlcpyua 11 CBCTOnl1ga, njecmrxnn,a je y HOBHt-.l HC3Ha6o)Ka'IKHMnpCMCHHMa 6paHlwa 11 Xpncra, H cuora 3aIIITHTHHKa CBCTor JJyKy.Ilaxthen,e 11 og6paHa on sariopaua Hno je nyxomror II xyrrrypnorMIIJIOcpl)a.

AJIH l ~ H j e J I Y ony MHT0.T10rnjy npaurrau,a, H srojy narcprtperauajy CH)OM, xao na H3 TCMeJba pyUIH 3aBpIUHa njecxra ajeponaruo Haj60JhCr

~ H K J I y c a Ilccauxe MaKC11MOBUrr - IjJ([JIClUvt iiouu.aoean.e - ujecxra 0ilp([ullumhy. 2'i HaJIa3H ce rra xpajy nnxnyca: H)OMC ce sarnapa JIHpCKI1nnjanor ca napexr Ilyurauoxi CHJIHHM. lIapcxa jc I I O C J l ) c r ~ H ) a , a nap BCJIII,na noucrxy n na xpajy njecxre:

Ja HHcaM 60r.Cairo jc OH xrohan TOJIHKO

C. IL V, 294. - Cajau. pe-ut, YIIlIBCP3IITCTCKa pnje-r, HUKllI l In 1 9 ~ 7 .25 C. n .. 111,283. - TPaJICll.1I ilouunoean,, Maruua cprrcKa, HORnCall: 1964.


10/11

42 JOIHIH Ilennhna npaurra,(... )l1Mall:aBJIaA3M rro r-.umOCTl1 60ra,Hl1CaM Gor na np3111TaM.

Ilorpennro 6M 6l1JIO 3 a K J b Y ~ I H T M KaKO je npanrran.e nOrImyJIO M Jl,3je OBa l13Y3eTHa 36MpKa nOTOnl1JIa HaAY y npanrran,e M nOMIIJIOn3H,e.Ban-a je na:>KJLl1Bl1jc rrpOlIHTaTM, II npo-ryua-nrra n 0 3 I H ~ H j y rJIaCOB3 ycrpyxrypa 1 ~ H K J I Y C 3 , a TO je rrpenncr noceriaora ornena, Osnje CC.Mel)yTl1M, Mopa KOHCTaTOBaTl1 na je rena nonanonan,a. Ml1JIOCTl1 l1npaurran,a nposy-rena Kp03 nnjeny 36l1pKy.36l1pKa l1Ma rrogHaCJIOB Jlupctce ouctcycuje c J(Ylllal108l1JWaaKOllUKOM. IJ,l1KJIYC je , AaKJIe, KOMrrOHOBaH xao Al1jaJIOr TIjeCHl1Ka 113aKoHa. 3aKoH je na n O ~ l e T K Y l1 na xpajy. OH ycnocraan.a Ii saxn.y-ryjepen; OH je rapaanaja Cl1rypHOCTl1, pena, H a ~ I e J I a , crpore xapnonaje,Jl,p:>KaBHe H JIWIHe uapcxe MohH. OH je HcrroTKyIIJbIIB, OC3JIWIaH,HeyMOJbIiB. 3aKoH je nsnan cancra napa, jep je nap Be3aH 3aKOHOM xojnje Jl,OHl10. Ml1JIOCT je y saxony, Ma KOJIl1KO 6110 CypOB.

AJIl1 3aTO IIOCTOjl1 npyra, TIjeCHl1KOB rnac, KOjl1 6paHI1 Oil.CypOBOCTl1 3aKoHa, 'rpaacehn IIOMIIJIOBaH:>e sa CBe na canjery: sa jcpec l1sa xanyhepa, sa ce6pa l1 n.erony xyhauy KpOI\1TIHpa, 33 nojanxe IIB o j H H ~ I K a rp06Jh3, aa 6Hllie l1 aa 60rOBe. TIjeCHl1KOB rnac je BpeJIOMl1JIOCTl1; HaqeJIO npanrraisa l1paaysrajenan.a; rnac l13 xora TeKy CTl1XOBl1Kojl1Ma lIO IIJIeMeHl1TOCTl1 - KaKO TO cnojenpexicno pe-te Ml1Xl13 - HeMapannax. IJ,l1KJIYC Tpascusc iiouunoean.e seh HaCJIOBOM HelJ;BOCMl1CJIeHOnpeunaapa TIjeCHl1KoBynoaauajy: TO je onopaua npaaa na nosranoaarse IInpanrrarse; TO je uosnnaja cpua K30 spena MllJIOCTl1 l1 paaynajenau,a. Taje rr03HlI,IIja 6JIH)KaBory Hero Llapy.


11/11

Ilocsuja npanrrau.a II MIIJIOcpl)aJovan Delle

POETRY OF FORGIVENESS AND MERCY

43

Forgiveness and mercy are dominant feelings and dominant subject in all thephases and types of poetry of Desanka Maksirnovic. Ideal of a patriotic poem forDesanka Maksimovic is a sinless poem, but basic principles of her poetics are tobe kind and to be the first in forgiving. Forgiveness, kindness and mercy imbuethe intimate lyrics of Desanka Maksirnovic, but she created the poems she hadbeen in dialogue with the Gods. The poetess expresses forgiveness to thedeposed Old Slavonic Gods, but ancient Gods are also well disposed to theforgiveness. Civilization is memory, so a poet does not have right to forgetpagan Gods. The poetess and the Emperor (his Code) are also in dialogueabout mercy and forgiveness. Mercy already exists in the Code prevents Chaosand establishes Order. However, the poetess is asking for a greater mercy thanthe one permitted by the Code.

Key words: forgiveness, mercy, martyrdom, patriotic poetry

jovan delić - desanka maksimović: poezija praštanja i milosrđa

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