journal of seed technology · 2015. 8. 20. · contents contributed papers 103 induction of...

JOURNAL OF I SEED TECHNOLOGY

Volume 11 1987 Number 2

(Contains Papers and Proceedings for FY 1986)

Volume 11 Number 2 1987

Published by the Association of Official Seed Analysts

R . W. Yaklich, Editor - M. M. Kulik, Associate Editor Germplasm Quality and Enhancement Laboratory

ARS-USDA Building No. 001

Beltsville, MD 20705

Editorial Committee

................................. R . W. Yaklich, Chairperson Beltsville, MD

.......................... L. J . Prentice, Editor, News Letter. . Lincoln, NE

................. A. L. Larsen, Science Education E d i b r . . Ft. Collins, CO

.............. L. W. Woodstock, Editor, AOSA Handbook Beltsville, MD

Stone Printing Company Lansing, Michigan

CONTENTS Contributed Papers

103 Induction of Secondary Dormancy in Seeds of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Benth.). S . Nyunt and D. F . Grabe

111 Effect of Soybeall Tissue Potassium Levels on Carpel and Seed Infection by Phomopsis spp. and Seed Germination. D. M. TeKrony, D. B. Egli and R. E . Ferriss

121 Incidence of Hollow Heart of Pisum sativum in the Pacific Northwest. C. M. Rush

131 Seed Laboratory Computerization. A. G . Ma~istany and H . R. Danielson

139 A Review of the Development of Seed Pathological TestiGg. 1. F. Schoen

144 Fungi Associated with Forest Tree Seeds in the Philippines. S. S. Quiniones

151 Changes in Structure of Pit and Antipit in Soybean Seeds and Seedling Development. R. W . Yaklich, E . L. Vigil and W . P. W e ~ g i n

158 Officers and Committees

161 Minutes of Association Meeting

161 Executive Board Meeting

166 Association Meeting

172 Special Board Meeting

175 Secretary's Report

177 Treasurer's Report

179 Reports of Standing Committees and Subcommittees

179 Editorial Committee

179 Legislative

183 Membership

183 Research

186 Referee

188 Rules

199 Seedling Evaluation

200 Public Service and Archives

201 Budget

201 Constitution

202 Seed Standardization

204 Meeting Place

204 Audit

204 Vigor Test

206 Necrology

208 Nominations

209 Nomenclature

209 Merit Award

210 Seed Analysis Certificate

211 Resolution

212 Presidential Address

215 Index to Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts-Years 1981 through 1986

Correction-Vol. 11(1):35-41, 1987 "Pictures and Descriptions of Certain Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Fruit not

Illustrated in U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 30." D. J . L. Meyer. page 38, Figure 3 reads: page 38, Figure 3 should read: ; surface of inner mericarps ; surface of inner mericarps covered with numerous slen- covered with tubercles; surface der, spine-like projections, of outer mericarps covered

with numerous slender, spine- like projections,

SUGGESTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS TO THE JOURNAL OF SEED TECHNOLOGY

General Requirements. Articles should be original reports covering some area of seed science and technology not previously or simultaneously published in any other scientific or technical journal. Three kinds of articles may be considered for publication: (1) research papers, (2) brief communications covering new techniques or developments, and (3) review articles by special arrangement with the editor. Page Charges. Eight pages of each article accepted will be printed free of charge. Charges for pages in excess of eight will be based on the actual printing costs. Manuscripts. The manuscript must be typed on good-grade bond paper approximately 21 x 28 cm. The lines of type must be numbered on each page. Two carbon or xeroxed copies, also on line-numbered paper, are required. The entire manuscript must be double spaced. Each table must be typed on a separate sheet. An abstract and list of Additional Index Words must be included at the beginning. Order. Assemble the manuscript in the following order: Title (no separate title page), Author(s), Abstract, Additional Index Words, Text, Litera- ture Cited (begin on a new page), Tables, Captions for Figures (begin on a new page), and Figures. Although the text is most commonly divided into the following sections: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, and Acknowledgements, the specific arrangement for articles submitted to the Journal of Seed Technology will vary. Place headings in the center of the page anddcapitalize throughout. Begin the subsection headings at the left hand margin (do not indent), capitalize the first letter, underline, and follow with a period. Begin the first sentence on the following line with the first word indented five spaces, Do not include a summary or list of conclusions. Numbers. Use arabic numerals for all numbers with two or more digits and for all measurements such as time, weight, or degrees except when the number is the first word in a sentence. Spell out numbers when they are the first word in a sentence or when they are less than 10 and not measurements, except when in a series in which one figure has two or more digits. Author(s). Place the name(s) of the author(s) in full caps below the title and footnote with a superscript arabic two (2). In listing the authors, do not leave a space between the period after each initial and the next letter. Give the place where the study was conducted and the title and address including the zip code of each author in footnote two at the bottom of the page. Footnotes. Footnotes are numbered consecutively and typed at the bottom of each page. Number 1 should contain identification of the article

or research project. I t includes the "date received" supplied by the editor. Number 2 identifies the author(s). Tables. Tables are numbered cnnsecutively. Use the following symbols for footnotes, in this order: a, h, c, d, etc. Use asterisks (", '", etc.) to indicate statistical significance (5% 170, ete.]. Da not duplicate information that is presented in charts or graphs. Figures. Photographs for half-tone reproduction sI-~oulcl be glossy prints with good dark and light contrast. Prepare drawings for graphs and charts with India ink on white clratving papa or blue tracing cloth. Type- written words should bc avoided on graphs and charts. Label each figure with name af author, title of article, and number of fintrc. Do not use figures which dt~plicate information presented in tables. Style Manual. The Stph MattuaE far Biological Jort~nals prepared by the Comrnitte on Form and Style of tha Council of Binlogy Editors ancl published by the American Institute of RioIogicnl Sciences (AIBS) shall be Followed for writing papers submitter1 to the Jourm! of Seed Technology. Abbreviations. Use standard abbreviations listed in the AIBS Style Man- ual without definition. Other abbreviations should be defined at first usage and may be used thereafter without further definition. Names of states should be abbreviated following city names, using the two letter abbreviations of the U.S. Post Office Department. Nomenclature, The Latin binomial or trinomial and authority must be sl~own for all plants, insects, and pathogens at first listing (in title, abstract, or text), Crop varieties should 11s identified by single quotation marks at first listing only, e.g., 'Ranger'alfalfa {Medicogo safiun L,) or Afsdicago mtioa L. 'Ranger'; Bothriochlncr i.~chnemtrm var. songnricn (Rupr.) Cel. et Harl, 'King Ranch.' Units of Measure. Metric units must be used for all measurements. References. All citations whether to published literature or to unpub- lished work are to be listed alphabetically by senior authors at the end of the manuscript. Citations to published works should include names of all authors, the year, complete title, publication, volume number, and inclusive pages, as appropriate.

Subscription Information

Subscription rates are $18.00 per year for the Journal of Seed Technology (JOST) and may be obtained by writing to the Secretary- Treasurer, Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA). Back issues of the JOST, as well as other AOSA publications are also available.

Mr. Jim Lair P.O. Box 4906 801 Sangamon Avenue Springfield, IL 62706-1001

C

THANKS T O OUR REVIEWERS

The Journal of Seed Technology is pleased to publish a list of Society members and other individuals who reviewed papers for the Volume 11 issues. All reviewers gave valuable time and thought to evaluating papers that were sent to them by the Associate Editor or Editor. Publication of their names is a token of our appreciation for their service to the journal and to the Society.

R. W. Yaklich, Editor

F. Bonner M. McDonald, Jr.

E. Civerollo K. Obrebski

L. Copeland R. Payne

K. Furman

R. Goth

C. Reushe

E. Roos

S. Hurst J. Schoen

A. Knapp C. Vaughan

M. Kulik L. Weisner

A. Larsen L. Woodstock

S. Maxon R. Yaklich

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSTS OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES FOR 1985-1986

......................................................................................................... President E. Chirco .................................................................................................... Vice-president D. Svik

......................................................................................... Secretary-Treasurer J Lair

EXECUTIVE BOARD W. Still G. Moore L. Wiesner A. B. Ednie A. Knapp W. R. Vaughan

R. W. Yaklich (Ex Officio)

STANDING COMMITTEES Editorial

R. W. Yaklich, Chairperson and Editor, Journal L. Prentice, Editor, Newsletter L. Woodstock, Handbook Editor A. Larsen, Editor, Science Education

Legislative C . C . Abbott, Chairperson

R. Deppen R Kocurek P . Hott J. Warren

Liaison E. E. Hardirr; Chairperson

Membership R. K. Marx. Chairperson

R. Bradley H. Buckland W. Dunn

Resolution A. Larsen, Chairperson

L. Wiesner

Public Service G Archives J. Lair, Chairperson

A. B. Ednie L. Nees

W, R. Vaughan

W. Still

V. Kumpel A. B. Ednie

L. Nees W. Miller

VOLUME 11, NUMBER 2, 1987

Referee W. Guerke, Chairperson

Region I Region I1 Region I11 Region IV Region V Region VI

Research A. Knapp, Chairperson

D. TeKrony M. B. McDonald, Jr.

B. Kopperud J. Lair

M. Sarna R. Kocurek

M. Lange M. S. Dhaliwal

P. Stanwood L. Wiesner

SUBCOMMITTEES Cultivar Purtiy Range Grass Analysis M. B. McDonaId. Jr., Chairperson T. Gutormson, Chairperson Flower Seed Germination and Dormancy E. Chirco and A. Meyr, Co-Chairpersons A. Knapp, Chairperson Moisture Determination Seed Pathology D. F. Grabe, Chairperson J. Schoen, Chairperson TZ and Biochemical Measurements Tree and Shrub Seeds L. Copeland. Chairperson F. Bonner, Chairperson Bean Seed Germination Vigor Evaluation G. Jenanyan, Chairperson D. M. TeKrony, Chairperson AOSA Seed Analysis Certificate R. Danielson, Chairperson

Rules S. Hurst, Chairperson

E. M. Chirco S. Kirkland D. Meyer

A Knapp M. Johnson

SPECIAL COUMITTEES Budget

D. Svik. Chairperson A. Knapp J. Lair

W. P. Ditmer

Constitution D. Svik, Chairperson

M. H. Day Necrology

W. R. Vaughan, Chairperson

G. Moore R. W. Yaklich

W. Guerke

JOURNAL OF SEED TECHNOLOGY

Merit Award D. Svik, Chairperson

R. Marx

W. R. Vaughan B. Butler R. Sayers Q. Schultz

R. Wilson

F. Callaghan E. Chirco W. Dunn

A. B. Ednie G. E. Spain R. Danielson

Nominations C. Sciple, Chairperson Seed Standardization

W. P. Ditmer, Chairperson

C.A.S.T A. L. Larsen

Meeting Place L. W. Nees, Chairperson

Nomenclature C. R. Gunn, Chairperson

Program W. Still, Chairperson

Certification of Analysts E. E. Hardin,^Chairperson

R. Kocurek

Symposium F. Bonner, Chairperson

Standardization Research Funding A. Knapp, Chairperson

W. Guerke M. B. McDonald, Jr

Seedling Evaluation D. Ashton, Chairperson

L. E. Everson B. Jackson 0. Hall

Auditing D. Ashton, Chairperson

C. Sciple

W. Still E. Hardin

G. Fenderson H. Smith

G. Lindahl

C. Jennings G. Koskinen

R. Nelson

M. Lange J. Lair

B. Jackson

P. Stanwood L. Wiesner

J. Ruprecht T. Turner C. Wilson

W. Still L. Wiesner

MINUTES OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSTS MEETING

Seventy-Sixth Annual Meeting

Minneapolis, Minnesota

June 14-20,1986

EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING June 14,1986

President Chirco called the meeting to order at 9:20 A.M. Members Present Others Present A. B. "Sandy" Ednie C. Sciple L. Wiesner D. Ashton . D. Svik A. Larsen A. Knapp R. Kocurek W. Still W. Guerke B. Vaughan D. Brown E. Chirco E. Hardin R. Marx R. Foy G. Moore R. Payne J. Lair S. Hurst R. Yaklich L. Prentice

The 1985 hoard minutes of June 13,1985, were reviewed by President Cllirco and Secretary Lair, They were found to be correct and complete for all 1985 board actions. The minutes for 1985 were presented to the hoard ancl unanimnusIy approved. Lair moved and Moore seconded the action. Motion carried.

No old business was brought forth. President Chirco appointed Arnold Larson Chairman of the resolutions committee. Doug Ashton was appointed Chairman of the audit committee.

In the President's report, Chirco reviewed meetings she attended by group and the items of importance to AOSA. She also reported on meetings attended by her designees. Central America expressed interest in AOSA membership and/or receiving publications in the meeting at CIAT. Chirco moved for acceptance. Svik seconded. Motion accepted.

In the Vice-President's report, Dave Svik reported on the budget review for 1986-87. Svik moved for acceptance. Still seconded. Motion passed.

Jim Lair presented the secretary/treasurer report. After the report was given, it was moved by Ednie, seconded by Svik that an advertisement be placed in the newsletter offering past issues. Motion accepted. It was also moved by Svik and seconded by Ednie to continue journal and rules

162 JOURNAL OF SEED TECHNOLOGY

printing at Stone Printing but to investigate costs of printing at other facilities in the next year. Motion passed.

In Lair's secretary report, concern for meeting printing costs of the newsletter was expressed. It was moved by Svik, seconded by Moore, that the subscription price for 1986-87 newsletters be set at $20.00 per year. Motion passed.

It was moved by Lair, seconded by Wiesner, to accept the secretary/ treasurer report. Motion carried.

It was moved by Lair, seconded by Still, to retain the journal subscription price at $18.00 per year. Motion accepted.

It was moved by Ednie, seconded by Moore, to set aside $50.00 per year from membership annual dues in 1987 towards a secretary/research fund. Motion accepted.

It was moved by Lair, seconded by Wiesner, to send past due notices to unpaid labs in November stating that as of notice receipt, each lab would have to apply to the membership committee for reinstatement. Motion carried.

The editor's report was given by Robert Yaklich on the past year of journal and newsletter expenses. He also commented on the vacancy created by Louis Bass' death in the newsletter. Yaklich moved and Larson seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried. Larry Prentice was appointed newsletter editor.

Ednie moved and Wiesner seconded to have the constitution committee investigate the appropriateness of ads being offered on a paid basis in AOSA publications. Motion accepted.

Wiesner moved and Vaughan seconded to have the board to direct the editorial committee chairman to investigate a per page charge for articles to be printed. Motion carried.

The public service committee report was given by Jim Lair. Lair moved and Still seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Ednie moved and Moore seconded for Svik to direct the appointment of a task force for an aims and objectives review of AOSA. Motion rejected.

The referee report was given by Wayne Guerke. Two new chairmen will be starting in the AOSA regions. Guerke moved and Vaughan seconded for acceptance of the report.

An outline of a proposed seed unit handbook was the topic presented by Steve Hurst. Aneed for clarification for a seed unit in the handbook was discussed. The board was asked for approval to continue the project. The board recommended that the rules committee be approached.

The meeting then recessed at noon for lunch and reconvened at 1:30 P.M.

VOLUME 11, NUMBER 2, 1987 163

Russ Marx gave the membership report on the applications received for 1985. Two full members, 2 associate members, and 5 honorary members applications were received and recommended for approval. G. Moore moved and Vaughan seconded for approval of full membership applications. Motion passed. Vaughan moved and Svik seconded for approval of associate applications. Motion passed. Svik moved, Vaughan seconded, for approval of honorary applications and acceptance of the report. Motion passed.

Allen Knapp gave the research report. Under President Chirco's direction, Knapp met with ASTA and other interested groups to discuss AOSA tolerance tables on objectionable weeds. A portion of the results of the meeting stated that over a period of 2 years, state and industry records pertaining to samples in violation would be made available for study. The second portion provided for funding to do a 3 1/2 year research study on ad-mixture performance characteristics. Funding for the project will be sought. Other sub-committee reports of the research committee were also covered.

The standardization report was given by Allen Knapp. Research criteria for funding will be established. Knapp moved and Vaughan seconded for approval of the reports. Motion carried.

Rules committee report was given by Steven Hurst and covered the rules proposals to be voted on at the business session. Still moved and Yaklich seconded for the adoption of the report. Motion passed.

Due to the death of Dr. Louis Bass, Svik moved and Still seconded that the AOSA executive board shall consider the 90 day deadline met for rules changes since they were postmarked 90 or more days prior to the Minnesota regular AOSA business session.

The budget report was given by Dave Svik. Dave broke down the travel by meetings to show costs that would be incurred. It was commented on the importance of the President to attend NASDA. If the plant industries division indicated any seed or Federal Seed Act topics to be discussed, it would be the President's option in 1986 to attend. Otherwise the President would instruct Jim Lair to attend. Svik moved and Still seconded for acceptance of the budget. Motion carried.

The C.A.S.T. report was given by Arnold Larson on the activities at the C.A.S.T. meeting and their membership drive results. Larson explained C.A.S.T.'s effort to get $300,000.00 in funds for distribution of publications to seoondary high school teachers and others. Ednie moved and Still seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Still moved and Wiesner seconded to donate $500.00 to C.A.S.T. in 1986-87 and then terminate all other grant obligations to C.A.S.T. except annual dues of $!240.00. Motion carried.


The constitution report was given by Dave Svik on the survey conducted. He stated results would be given from 8:OO-10:OO AM Sunday. Svik moved and Ednie seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The merit award report was read by Dave Svik. The results were not given but nominees' names were read off. Svik moved and Moore seconded for acceptance of the report, Motion carried.

The meeting place report was read by Chirco. The locations of Sacramento, California for 1987 and Grand Isle, New York for 1988 were accepted by the committee. Chirco moved and Lair seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The necrology report was read. Moore moved and Ednie seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The nomenclature report was read. A nomenclature handbook was distributed to members in 1985-86. The report also mentioned other work Dr. Gunn is doing in nomenclature. Chirco moved and Still seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The program report was given by Wayne Still outlining the activities at the 1986 Minneapolis, Minnesota meeting and special topics added through program changes. Still moved and Moore seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The seedling evaluation report was read by Doug Ashton. Doug gave the progress made and reviewed work remaining to be done. A target date for completion in June 1987 was given. Still moved and Moore seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Ashton asked for direction on where the board wanted the handbook to appear upon completion. Still moved and Knapp seconded to put the handbook at the end of the Rules on completion to replace the existing seedling evaluations. Motion carried.

There was discussion on seminal root count differences between ISTA and AOSA descriptions for cereal grains. No action was taken when Ashton offered to present the differences to ISTA.

The AOSCA report was given by Loren Wiesner on two meetings attended in August and February. Work on a description for variants, off-types was done. Tolerance tables for field inspection were developed which were sent to AOSCA for approval. A varietal descriptors form was made up for use. All interests were represented for Federal Seed Act and Ryegrass fluorescence discussions. Wiesner moved and Ednie seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The secretary feasibility study report was given by Loren Wiesner. An update on a finance manager position or permanent secretary definition in the constitution was given. Suggested duties were handed out by Wiesner


that could be put in the By-Laws. Vaughan moved and Still seconded that the feasibility study for a permanent secretary be tabled for the time being. Motion carried. Wiesner moved and Moore seconded to accept the permanent secretary report. Motion carried.

The symposium report was read by Chirco. The topic of seed health testing and list of speakers on the subject were given. Chirco moved and Svik seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

The seed standardization report was read by Chirco. The last two years of work and an explanation of an article printed in the newsletter were given. The AOSA seed school itineraries were given. A survey on objectionable weeds in the east was taken but results were inconclusive. Work on a common weeds list was also done. Chirco moved and Knapp seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The Legislative report was read by Chirco on law changes by states for content and/or objectionable weed lists additions. Numerous changes occurred in definitions, some procedural requirements for germination, or other standards. Chirco moved and Moore seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

The meeting then recessed at 6:00 PM to reconvene at 9:00 PM. The meeting reconvened at 9:10 PM and the AOSCA hybrid labeling

report was given by T. Wayne Still. ASTA, PVP officers, USDA, AASCO, USDA-AMS, commercial plant breeders, and AOSA were represented at the meeting. Their purpose was to develop labellng for hybrids. Two proposed labels were sent back with each group representative attending showing labeling for a hybrid. The proposal was circulated among the board. Lair moved and Moore seconded to accept the report without endorsing either labeling proposal for hybrids since they did not fit the AOSA definition for Pure Seed. Motion carried.

The nominations report was read by Charles Sciple. Sciple gave a count of the nominees received for board officers. Names of the nominees appearing on the ballot were read. Numbers of votes returned were also given. Ednie moved and Wiesner seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The analyst certification report was given by Ed Hardin. Tests were given in Richmond, Virginia to five people and in Oregon to four people. At this time 83 people had taken the exam with nine failing. Still moved and Wiesner seconded to extend AOSA certification to five former RST's currently employed in AOSA member labs. Motion carried. Still moved and Lair seonded to make AOSA analyst accredition a standing committee. Motion carried. Svik moved and Moore seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

Still moved and Lair seconded to adjourn. Motion carried. Meeting adjourned at 12:lO AM on June 15, 1986. J. Lair, s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


ASSOCIATION MEETING

June 19,1986

The Seventy-sixth Annual Business Meeting was called to order by President Ellen Chirco at 1:00 PM. Buddy Vaughan was appointed as Parliamentarian. Roll call was taken by Secretary/Treasurer Lair and the following laboratories were present:

STATE LABORATORIES - 35 Arkansas California Colorado Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa (Ames) Kentucky Maryland Michigan Mississippi (State) Mississippi (Seed Tech) Missouri Montana Nebraska Nebraska (CIA)

New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

USDA LABORATORIES - 4 National Seed Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland Seed Research Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland National Tree Seed Laboratory, Macon, Georgia Forest Tree Seed Laboratory, Starkville, Mississippi

CANADIAN LABORATORIES - 1 Seed Biology Laboratory

Dave Svik read the June 14th and June 17th board minutes for the executive sessions conducted in Minneapolis, MN. Svik moved and Still seconded for the report to be accepted. Motion carried.

Jim Lair read the secretary and treasurer reports for the 1985-1986 year. Lair moved and Larson seconded to accept the reports. Motion carried.

Bob Yaklich read the editorial committee reports for the newsletter and journal. He also announced Larry Prentice as the new newsletter editor.


Yaklich moved and Foy seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Charles Abbott read the legislative report. The report represented information gathered in a survey by regional committee members. The Texas report was modified to include itchgrass as a prohibited noxious weed in Texas. Abbott moved and Ednie seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Ed Hardin gave the liaison report. He broke down attendance to various meetings by representatives from AOSA. Hardin moved and Trent seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Russ Marx read the membership committee report. Prof. Don Grabe of Oregon State University and Prof. William Elam of Mississippi State University were accepted for associate membership. Ms. Doris Baxter, Ms. Jennie Bloodgood, Mr. M. Hanford "Gus" Day, Mr. Gail Fenderson. Mr. Ralph H. Hofmann, and Mr. Russell Ruud were accepted for honorary membership. Marx moved and Richard Wilson seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

A point of order was made by the parliamentarian that the association had not adopted the actions in the board report or the membership committee report. Lair moved and Trent seconded to adopt the actions in the board report. Motion carried. Hardin moved and Richard Wilson seconded to adopt the actions in the membership committee report. Motion carried. Jim Lair then read the public service committee report. Lair moved and Foy seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Wayne Guerke gave the referee report for AOSA regions. He announced two new referee chairmen for AOSA regions and stated all regions had tentatively planned projects for the next year. Guerke moved and Beverly Jackson seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried. >

1

Allen Knapp gave the research report and areas being looked into by the various sub-committees. A brief description, of each project was included for what each sub-committee is working with. Knapp moved and Svik seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

Steven Hurst read the rules committee report. The rules changes to be voted on by the membership for 1986-87 and changes made in open meeting session were included. Hurst moved to accept the report and Still seconded. Motion carried. The rule changes were then brought up for the membership review and adoption or rejection.

Proposed Rule Change #1 dealing with a change in seedling descriptions of 7a in appendix 1 for the pea family was reviewed. Hurst moved and Trent seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.


Proposed Rule Change #2 dealing with the addition of Astragalus cicer-cicer milkvetch to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Richard Wilson seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #3 dealing with the addition of Atriplex canescens-fourwing slatbush to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Richard Wilson seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #4 dealing with the addition of Caratoides lanata-winterfat to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Richard Wilson seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #5 dealing with the addition of Elymus cinereus-basin wildrye to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Richard Wilson seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #6 dealing with the addition of Kochia prostrata-forage kochia to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Svik seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Discussion was made on inclusion of footnote "dm to final count days of 14. Wilson moved and Gutormson seconded to amend the motion to add footnote "d" to 14 under final count days. Motion to amend carried. The original motion was reread with the amendment and the question called for to adopt. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #7 dealing with addition of Purshia tridentata- antelope bitterbush to the Rules for purity and germination procedures was reviewed. Hurst moved and Kocurek seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #8 dealing with a change in definition and separation procedures for other crop seeds was reviewed. Hurst moved and BeverIy Jackson seconded to adopt the rule change as stated in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #9 dealing with the addition of Paspalum to section 2.6b(3) of the Rules was reviewed. Hurst moved and Vaughan seconded to adopt the rule change as stated in open session. Motion carried.

Proposed Rule Change #10 dealing with the calculation of numbers of seeds in samples was reviewed. Hurst moved and Hardin seconded to adopt the rule change as stated in open session. Discussion of problems with the change was made. Problems mentioned were use of 450 grams rather than 454 grams for a pound conversion factor, sample weights used in the examples being in conflict with current AOSA Rules, and rounding


samples which would result in zero figures. Question was called for. Motion to adopt rejected.

Proposed Rule Change #11 on making full Rules of AOSA tentative ntles for testing of caatecl seeds was reviewed. Rurst moved and Lange sacmded to adopt the rrlles as full rules as staked in open session. Discussion was made on a concern with the 30,000 seeds staked on 2.13b(f) fat the sample size when other areas referred tn 25,000. It was explained that more seed wouId he wanted in the sarrrple obtained. Question was called for. Motion adopted.

Proposed Rule Change #12 dealing with a change in seedling descriptions of Section 4 in Appendix I for Cucurbitaceae was reviewed. Hurst moved and Prentice seconded to adopt the rule change as amended in open session. Motion carried.

President Chirco read the seed standardization report. Reports of the sub-committees were received and noted in the reading. Chirco moved and Larson seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

The audit report was read by Doug Ashton. The books of the Secretary/Treasurer were found to be in order. Ashton moved and Hardin seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

The budget report for FY 87 was read by Dave Svik. Dave outlined the expenses he estimated would be incurred in the next year and cash on hand that would be left by the 1987 meeting in Sacramento, California. He stated that the expenses and income estimates were figured against the 1985-86 records. Svik moved and Still seconded for adoption of the report. Motion carried.

Thef2.A.S.T. report was given by Arnold Larsen. Articles printed with reference to AOSA in C.A.S.T. publications and C.A.S.T. subscription prices were given. The changes in payments to be made to C.A.S.T., in the form of a onc time $500 payment for the F Y 87 year and clues of $240 thereafter as the financial obligations oEAOSA to C.A.S.T. were explained hy Arnold. Larsen moved and Foy seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carriedm

The analyst certification report was given by Ed Hardin. Announce- ments of exams to be given in Texas in August and in Ames in September were made. Mr. Hardin also mentioned the discussion of using common versus scientific names in exam identification work. He stated that the committee was allowing a two year grace period for the present time on scientific name identification and that common names would be acceptable. Hardin moved and Still seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

By board action taken on June 17th in executive session, the question of allowing the continuance of granting a former RST automatic AOSA certification was brought to the general session membership for action.


Still moved and Vaughan seconded to close automatic acceptance of former RST's for AOSA accreditation. Discussion was made as to why no reciprocity by RST's is given towards granting AOSA certified analysts RST certificates. Other discussion was also made on continuance of the practice of granting automatic certification to former RST's. The question was called for. A voice vote was taken and proved inconclusive. A hand vote was taken by having people stand. The final vote was 11 for closing, 18 against closing with one abstaining. Motion to close automatic acceptance of former RST's for AOSA accreditation failed.

The constitution report was given by Dave Svik. Dave announced the new constitution committee chairman as Larry Prentice. Svik moved and Knapp seconded to accept the report. Motion carried.

Larry Nees gave the meeting place report. The 1988 location of Grand Isle, New York was given. Larry told the general membership that any other invitations for 1989 or 1990 would be welcome. Nees moyed and Samimy seconded to adopt the report. Motion carried.

The merit award report was read by Dave Svik and George Spain was announced as the 1986 recipient of the merit award. Svik moved and Vaughan seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

W. R. Buddy Vaughan gave the necrology report of AOSA members who had passed away in 1985-1986. A moment of silence was held for Dr. Louis Bass and other individuals. Vaughan moved and Prentice seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The nomenclature report was read by President Chirco on Charles Gunn's work in nomenclature and the federal seed lab. Chirco moved and Knapp seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

T. Wayne Still read the program report concerning the Minnesota meeting. Some information concerning the 1987 meeting to be held in Sacramento, California was also given. Still moved and Vaughan seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The Resolutions report was given by Arnold Larson. Two resolutions were received during the Minneapolis, Minnesota m'eeting for action by the membership. The resolutions dealt with:

1. The AOSA being in Support of the Federal Seed Act, and 2. Thank you's to the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, its

staff and the sponsors from industry for providing facilities for the 1986 AOSA/SCST annual convention.

Larsen moved and Lair seconded to accept the resolutions report. Motion carried. Each motion was acted on separately. Larsen moved and Lair seconded to adopt the resolution pertaining to the Federal Seed Act. Motion carried. Larsen moved and Foy seconded to adopt the resolution thanking the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and sponsors for providing the convention facilities. Motion carried.


Doug Ashton gave the Seedling Evaluation Report. Progress made and a target date for completion of June 87 were given in the report. Ashton moved and Ednie seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

The symposium report on seed health testing was read by President Chirco. Chirco moved and Foy seconded for acceptance of the report. Motion carried.

No old business was brought before the membership in the general session.

No new business was brought before the membership in the general session.

The nominations report was read by Charles Sciple. Sciple moved and Foy seconded to accept the report. Motion carried. Sciple asked for nominations from the floor. None were made. Foy moved and Kocurek seconded to close nominations from the floor. Accepted. Still moved and Lange seconded to adopt the nominations report. Motion carried. A point of order was discussed concerning nominations from the floor with the parliamentarian.

President Chirco passed the gavel to incoming President David Svik installing him and his officers for 1987. President Svik read off the board membership for 1987 and the list of committee chairmen for the standing committees.

Still moved and Lange seconded for the 1985-86 AOSA business session in Minneapolis, Minnesota to be adjourned. Motion carried. The annual AOSA business session stood adjourned at 3:50 P.M. on June 19, 1986.

J. Lair, Secretary-Treasurer


MINUTES OF AOSA SPECIAL BOARD MEETING June 17 1986

Minneapolis, Minnesota

President Ellen Chirco called the meeting to order at 8:45 PM

Members Present Others Present W. Still S. Hurst L. Wiesner R. Payne A. Knapp R. Kocurek D. St' . R. Foy J. Lair B. Vauhan A. B. Ednie R. Marx G. Moore R. Yaklich

The agenda was reviewed and approved. Steve Hurst asked for additional input on seed unit topics covered in

the June 14th meeting. His concern was if the seed unit description should be included in the rules on completion. The board had discussion. After, Ednie moved and Still seconded that Steven Hurst continue work towards a format on seed units to present to the Rules committee or to the board. Motion accepted.

Russ Marx updated the membsrship report with information that Texas no longer desired full membership due to budget constraints. Marx moved and Wiesner seconded that the June 14th approval of Texas for full membership of the Lubbock and Stephenville labs be rescinded. Motion accepted.

The AOSCA membership request was discussed. It was brought up that the 90 day limit for receipt of membership appjications had already expired. It was also mentioned that present membership classifications in the constitution could only provide associate membership for employees of certification labs and not the lab itself. It was moved by Lair and seconded by Yaklich that the constitution committee and membership committee study the feasibility of forms of membership for AOSCA labs. Motion accepted.

Minutes of the June 14,1986 board meeting were reviewed and found to be correct for content. President Chirco read Jim Schoen's letter concerning a seed pathology handbook. It was moved by Wiesner and seconded by Moore to follow the recommendation of Jim Schoen to not prepare a seed pathology handbook at this time and inform AOSCA of our decision. Motion accepted.


Don Brewer's statements of fescue-lolliums were discussed. How they should be labeled and fluorescence rangcs for LoIlium hyhridiums were discussed. It was recommended to the incoming Pre~ident that a subcommittee study the alternatives available.

President Chirw read Gail Fenderson's recommendations on how the presidential certificate should he presented. Knapp moved and Vaughn seconded to accept the report and that the recommendations appear in the administrative practices handbook. Motion accepted.

The ASTA position on the Federal Seed Act was discussed. Other documents from the Southern Seed Control Officials and Minnesota Department of Agriculture to support of the Act were also circulated and reviewed. It was moved by Knapp, seconcled by Vaughan, that ArnaId Larsen draw up a resolution in support of retention and funding of the FedcraI Seed Act. Motian acceptecf . It was moved by Wiesner, seconded by Moore, to direct copies of theresolution to the Secretary of AgriouIture- USDA, and all other appropriate organizations. Motion accepted.

The ASTA concern and Dave Lambert's letter on tall fescues of turf and forage types being laheled and analyzed with separate test procedures was discussed. Use of the lists for each type was mentioned. It was noted that the lists presented appeared to overlap and without prior knowledge of the turf or forage backgrouncl of the fescue involved, purity separation would he difficult. It was moved by Wiesner, seconded by Knapp, to refer the tall fescue foragdturf proposal to the uniformity sub-committee of the Seed Standardization committee for ftrrther study and darification. Motion accepted.

The meeting then recessed at 10:lO PM to reconvene in the Presidential Suite.

The meeting reconvened at 10:30 PM with President Chirco presid- ing.

Rodger Danielson's letter concerning commercial lab results being used officially was discussed. No action was taken by the board.

Dr. Elgin's concern on ISTA/AOSA procedural differences was discussed. It was noted that ISTA/AOSA differences centered on lot sealing requirements of ESTA, port of entry contractual requirements, and possil>le consequences to USA domestic labeling if ISTA testing was used for lahelingpurpuses. It wasmoved by Wiesner, secondedby Yaklich, that the hicoming President appoint someone tcl write a letter to Dr. GIgin explaining present AOSA/ISTA efforts of cooperation underway with both groups to identify differences and to circulate the lettter to the board prior to mailing. Motion accepted.

The letter prepared by Arnold Larsen on employer support of people in AOSA positions was discussed. It was moved by Wiesner, seconded by


Still, to have the incoming Vice-President review and revise the letter to a final format. Motion accepted.

Doug Ashton reported on the findings of the audit committee. Still moved and ~au~han 'seconded that the policy of automatically

certifying former RST's employed in AOSA member labs be brought to the association membership for action immediately following the seed analyst certification report. Motion accepted.

Wayne Still discussed complimentary registration requirements or payments for speakers, an honorary member, or other groups. No policy or rule presently existed on when, how, or what types of payments should be made. Lair moved and Knapp seconded that the incoming President establish guidelines for complimentary registrations and speaker payments prior to the Sacramento, California meeting in 1987.

Svik moved and Chirco seconded that the meeting be adjourned. Meeting adjourned at 12:55 AM on June 18, 1986.

J. Lair, Secretary-Treasurer


SECRETARY'S REPORT

The office af secretary was transferred from Boise, tD to Springfield, IL following the 1985AOSA Virginia meeting. Mr. Trent and his staff were very helpful hy handling the 1985 minutes and resolutions, notification sf honorary and associate n-tembers accepted, and AOSA letkers of appreciation. Mr. 1-larry Srnith was also o"f heIp to both Bob and I during and after the meeting. My thanks to all for allowing me time to get a foothold and help to establish AOSA's mailing lists.

Correspond~nce received this year revolved around non-receipt claims for theJaurna1 of Seed Technology. Investigating into the problem reveaIec1 from 1982-1984, journal mailing labels were printed once for the entire year. This made it inlpossible to update labels for nameand address clxanges or add new customers to the list to receive the journal. With all AOSA account information on computer, updates and additions to the list are now made on receipt. Additionally, the computer filing gives a breakdown hy request for types of membership, numbers of mailings made, ancl other data pertinent to AOSA operating efficiently now and in the future. D a b requested hy the AOSA board Eor 1985-86 fiscaI year follows plus other data For review:

YEAR COVERED GROUP & AFFILIATION NEWSLTRS JOURNALS IN REPORT CONTACTED BY AOSA MAILED MAILED

1985 - (86) ISTA & Complimentary 144(134) 321 (134) 1985 - (86) Paid Subscribers 227(131) 230(130) 1985 - (86) AOSA Full Membership 66(6l) 66(61) 1985 - (86) AOSA Assoc. Membership 49(39) 49(39) 1985 - (86) AOSA Honorary Members 49(41) 1985 - (86) SCST ($12/mbr/yr fee) 171(177)

TOTALS FOR YEARS 1985 - 1986 706(583\ 666(354\

The mailing data shown above is the number of copies by group per issue that were mailed in 1985 versus same group mailings per issue that will be distributed in 1986. Please note the reductions in newsletter and jotlrnal paid subscribers. Prior to cancdlation for 1986, all 1985 subscribers werc invoiced and a IolFow-up 90 days overdue letter mailed. In returned cancsllalio~~ requests, 198234 dates were mentinned for when they originally askcd to be dropped. This may have been due to the lahe1 problem on jeurnaIs ahead y rnentioncd.

I was also asked to draw up a secretary treasurer job description. Such a description was drawn up and submitted to Charles Baskin for review. The final format is ready.

Of immediate concern to the AOSA in this next year are the following items that will require board action:


1. Alternate funds for the reduction in AOSA subscriptions to newsletters and journals plus reduced spending by the board in the 1986-87 budget for other areas. Five thousand dollars in alternate funds for a full time secretary was set aside by direction of Board President Chirco in 1985. 2. Subscription price rates that will cover the cost of newsletter printings. Current cost of printing is $4.80 per issue plus postage of $1.00. Subscription price is set at only $12.00 per year or $4.00 per issue. The result of no changes will be a $1399.20 loss by the 1987 board meeting.

On a more positive note, the 1985 secretary report mentioned an estimated $6000.00 in outstanding accounts. As of last September, 1985 a total of $5138.40 was collected. The remainder is unknown. It appears that overseas payments were the primary reason for delays. As such I have instituted a policy of prepayment for overseas shipments. All orders within N. America, Canada, and parts of S. America will be processed as received. Others, please plan to prepay orders.

J. Lair. Secretary-Treasurer

VOLUME 11. NUMBER 2. 1987

TREASURERS REPORT June 1. 1985 . May 18. 1986

.................. CHECKING ACCOUNT BALANCE RECEIPTS: $10.309.32

RECEIPTS:

Dues. Active & Associate ..................................... 11.147.00

Publications: Handbooks .................. 4.759.00

Newsletters ................. .1.61 4.00

Journal ........................ .1.61 4.00

Rules ........................... .3.89 2.00

TOTAL PUBLICATIONS .................................. .11.87 9.00

Miscellaneous: Interest ....................... .2.62 7.09

Other .......................... .9.43 7.50

TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS ............................... 12.064.59

Total Receipts ................................................... 35.090.59

TOTAL CHECKING ACCOUNT ............................................ $45.399.91

DISBURSEMENTS:

Publications: Rules ........................... .1,78 2.92

Newsletter .................. .7,14 2.25

Journal ........................ .9,43 6.13

Handbook ..................... .79 7.00

Total Puhlications ................................................. 19,158.30


Postage .................................................................... 2,578.41

Office Supplies and Move ...................................... 2>360.91

........................ Miscellaneous: Memorial 10 0.00

...................... Refunds .3,06 7.00

Secretary/Research ....................... Fund .5,00 0.00

........................... C.A.S.T 340.00

................................ Bond 86.00

.......................... Other .1,00 0.00

......................... Travel .4,10 9.98

.............................................. Total Miscellaneous 13,702.98

..................................... TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS 37,800.60

................................... TOTAL CASH ON HAND, May 18, 1986 $7,599.31

J . Lair. Secretary-Treasurer

REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Report of the Committee Chairman

and Editor, Journal of Seed Technology

During the past year, two issues of the Journal of Seed Technology (Vol. 9, No. 2 and Vol. 10, No. 1) were published. Changes in the Rules for Testing Seeds made by the society in the year 1985 were published and mailed to members to update their copy of the Rules.

With the unexpected passing of Dr. Lewis Bass, two editor positions became vacant. Larry Prentice accepted the responsibility of Newsletter Editor and Dr. Arnold Larsen accepted the position of Science Education Editor. I would like to thank Arnold for being Editor of the Newsletter for the last 6 months. This timely contribution has permitted the publication of society affairs to continue.

Special thanks is given to Dr. Martin Kulik, associate editor. Dr. Kulik has been very instrumental in preparing and expediting the various publications, selecting reviewers for manuscripts, and eliminating errors from publications.

This year, the authors of papers presented at the annual meeting should submit their findings in the form of a manuscript for publication in JOST. If this is not feasible, then the authors should feel compelled to submit an abstract of the paper. The abstract should be brief, but should introduce the topic, methods used, important findings, their application to seed science, and be no more than 1,000 words.

Finally, I would like to thank President Ellen Chirco for her enthusiasm and support and to everyone who has helped with the Journal.

R. W. Yaklich, Editor

LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE

The furor over undesirable grass seeds and fungal endophyte testing has died down somewhat and the fate of the Federal Seed Act and of hybrid labeling have become top items of interest. The latter is just one of many proposals for changing RUSSL from sources other than AOSA.

A number of states and Canada have had changes in their respective laws relating to regulatory matters and not affecting analytical procedures. Changes important to analysts, made and proposed in state seed laws and regulations which have been reported to the Committee are as follows:


Idaho

Indiana

Kansas

State Effective Arkansas Now 1. 95% hybrid seed must be present in pure

seed of "hybrid grain sorghum" sold in Arkansas.

2. Arkansas seedsmen are no longer required to show Arkansas Seed Dealers Number on the bag or tag.

Now 1. The germination test date period is ex- tended from 9 months to 15 for agricultural and vegetable seed.

9/1/86 1. Use of the term, "Variety Not Stated" will be permitted when the variety is not named.

2. Definition of "Brand-"A Word, name, number or design used to identify ,seed of one person to distinguish it from the seed of another person."

3. It will be unlawful to "assign the same brand designation to more than one variety of blend of the same kind of seed, if not sold by variety.

7/1/85 1. Kudzu, Pueraria lobata, was added to the prohibited noxious weed list.

2. The restricted noxious weed list with the maximum allowable numbers per pound is as follows: Dock, 45" Silverleaf nightshade, 45' Cheat, 45" Per. sowthistle, 45" Hairy chess, 45' Giant Foxtail, 45' Oxeye daisy, 45' Wild oats, 9" Horsenettle, 45' Goatgrass, 9'

Cockelbur, 9" Buckhorn plantain, 45* Wild onion, garlic, 18' Moonflower, 18' Wild mustard, 18" Morning glory, 18' Hedge bindweed, 18' Blk. nightshade complex 9' Wild buckwheat, 9' Climbing milkweed, 9" Velvetleaf, 9" Dodder, 18" Charlock, 18' Treacle, 18" Fanweed, 18" Wild carrot, 18' (Pennycress)

"Maximum number per pound permitted by law. (as of 7/87) *'Lespedeza may contain 45 dodder per lb.

Louisiana Proposed 1. To remove germination test periods from the Law.

2. To specify germination test period in the Regulations at 24 months with the exception of hybrid sorghum which will be 9 months.

VOLUME'11, NUMBER 2, 1987 181

Michigan Now 1. "Other Crop Seed" standard for the certification of Birdsfoot Trefoil is changed from a maximum of .20% to 1.00%.

Missouri Now 1. Added to the Law are the following: a. Definition of germination test. b. Federal definition of "Hermetically

Sealed." c. Eastern Black Nightshade, Solanum pty-

canthum to the noxious weed list. New Jersey Proposed 1. Add list of "undesirable grass seeds" in turf

mixtures to agree with the list specified by Pennsylvania and Virginia.

New Mexico Proposed 1. Adding the name of Jointed Goatgrass, Aegilops triuncialis to the restricted weed list .

2. Delete from the Law provisions for labeling of "fine textured and "coarse kinds" of grasses in lawn seed mixtures.

North Carolina 3/18 to 1. Temporary regulation for 120 days lowers 8/3/86 the minimum germination for soybean seed

from 70% to 60%. 2. Under the same temporary regulation, soy-

bean seed labeled from 60% to 69% germination must carry the statement, "Substandard Germination" on the label in not less than 8-point type.

Pennsylvania 1/1/86 1. The list of "undesirable grass seeds" announced in our 1985 report became effective January 1, 1986. They were listed in 1985 as: Bermudagrass, Annual Bluegrass, Rough Bluegrass, Bentgrass, Meadow Fes- cue, Tall Fescue, Orchardgrass, Timothy, Velvetgrass, Redtop.

7/1/86 2. Pa. proposes to amend their noxious weed regulations to prohibit Wild Onion and Garlic in Wheat.

South Carolina 7/1/86 1. Regulations will be amended to limit John- songrass to ten seeds per pound.

Tennessee Now 1. All tobacco seed offered for sale must be certified by an official seed certifying agency.

Proposed 1. Maximum weed seed content to be 2%. 2. No tolerances permitted for prohibited nox-

Texas

Virginia


ious weeds nor minimum germination standards.

3. Hybrid seed containing less than 95% pure hybrid seed must be labeled to show the percentage of hybrid and non-hybrid seed.

4. Additions to noxious weed list: a. Itchgrass, Rottboelia exaltata, prohibit-

ed. b. Sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia, maximum

two per pound. c. Plumless thistles, Carduus (spp) , maxi-

mum 100 per pound. d. Annual bluegrass. Poa Annua, maximum

300 per pound. 5. Coating material on seeds must be shown as

a fifth component in the purity analysis.

Now 1. The Texas Seed Law and Regulations have been amended providing for the labeling of certain designated kinds of agricultural seed (range grasses) as to pure live seed percentages in lieu of pure seed, inert matter and germination percentages.

2. It was also amended to allow for showing an expiration date for agricultural and vegetable seed in lieu of a test date or year for which seed was packaged. The year packed for as relating to vegetable seed containers of less than one pound covers a period of time beginning August 1 of the current year through September 30 of the following year, however, it shall not be offered for sale for a period of time exceeding twelve consecutive months during the year for which it was packed.

2/26/86 1. Deleted requirement for labeling turf-grass mixtures as to "Fine-textured" and "Coarse Kinds."

1/1/87 1. Plan to adopt the list of "undesirable grass seeds" in turf mixtures similar to the Penn- sylvania list.

Wisconsin Now 1. Deleted provision for grass seed labeling as to "Fine-textured" and "Course Kinds." The quantities of seeds required for purity and

VOLUME. 11, NUMBER 2, 1987 183

Canada

noxious seed examinations have been ad- justed to correspond with the FederaI Seed Act. Reliable sources say changes are presently in a state of flux awaiting Parliamentary approval.

C. C. Abbott, Chairperson

MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE The Membership Committee report for the year 1985-86 is as follows: Application for Membership: Texas Department of Agriculture-Lubbock Lab Texas Department of Agriculture-Stephenville Lab

Application for Associate Membership: Prof. Don Grabe-Oregon State University Prof. William Elam-Mississippi State University

Application for Honorary Membership: Doris Baxter Jennie Bloodgood M. Hanford "Gus" Day Gail Fenderson Ralph H. Hofmann Russell Ruud

Supporting documents were received and the committee recommends the acceptance of these applications.

R. Marx, Chairperson

RESEARCH COMMITTEE The AOSA Research Committee is involved in three major ongoing

activities. At the request of the chairman of the AOSA Rules Committee, the

Research Committee will endeavor to develop a description or at least criteria by which to evaluate and define the amount of background history and research required for proposed rules changes. Also to be addressed, is under what circumstances rules changes may be proposed in the absence of background data.

The question of the classification of grass seedlings with detached caryopses will be discussed and a recommendation made to the rules committee.

The Research Committee will be involved in the development of proposals and guidelines for the establishment of the standardization


research fund for the AOSA in conjunction with the AOSA Standardization Research Funding Committee.

The bulk of the Research Committee's activities are maintained through the activity of the various subcommittees. A summary of the activities of these committees follows (chairperson in parentheses): 1. Cultivar Purity-(Miller McDonald, Jr.). Standardization of present

varietal identification methods is being evaluated using the "referee" format with cooperating laboratories during the last year. This information will be compiled with the final objective being the development of a Varietal Identification Handbook. Objectives for the coming year 1) Develop outline of Varietal Identification Hand- book, 2) Identify crops and varietal identification tests to be detailed in Handbook.

2. Flower Seed-(EIlen Chirco and Aleta Meyr). Aleta has run 1985-86 referees on: germination problems in the family Labiata (Lamiaceae). Continued work on testing procedures. The questionable procedures are being identified and new rules will be proposed. Continued work is being done on developing flower seedling evaluations.

3. Moisture Content Determination-(Don F. Grabe). Moisture testing methods are being developed in conjunction with the ISTA Moisture Testing Committee since the needs of both organizations are the same. Oven methods for several cool-season grasses were calibrated against the Karl Fischer method. The evolution of seed moisture testing methods followed by ISTA was traced through the ISTA Rules and committee reports since the beginning of ISTA in 1924. ISTAmethods were compared to those of other organizations concerned with testing seed moisture. The role of basic reference methods in developing air-oven methods was studied. A survey of AOSA/SCST laboratories showed that over 35 moisture testing methods are now being used. Two samples of wheat were tested by several of these methods at Oregon State University. The apparent moisture content obtained by these methods ranged from 0.5 to 10.6% for the sample and from 3.9 to 16.0% for the other sample. The committee objectives are to continue calibrating oven testing methods for various seed types against the Karl Fischer standard reference method with the goal of providing the AOSA with accurate and uniform seed moisture testing methods for the Rules or in Handbook form.

4. Rangegrass-(Tim J. Gutormson). 1) Sand lovegrass tetrazolium referee. Two separate references have been conducted and a new method has evolved from the work. 2) Creeping Foxtail germination referee. A referee was conducted on Creeping Foxtail to evaluate three germination methods. Further work with thermogradient evaluation is planned. 3) Acid Scarification survey. A five question survey


was sent to 16 laboratories which test Rangegrasses to determine the possibility of an acid scarification and GA3 referee. The committee is presently evaluating alternative Rangegrass purities with the Seed Shucker. Committee objectives are to 1) Continue evaluation of Seed Shucker for purities; 2) Develop standard germination procedures for Creeping Foxtail and Streambank Wheatgrass; 3) Conduct prelimin- ary studies on developing standard blowing points for Switchgrass and Reed Canarygrass.

5. Seed Vigor-(Dennis M. TeKrony). Research emphasis has been directed toward procedural studies to compare alternative methods listed in the Seed Vigor Handbook for the cold test for corn and the conductivity tests for corn, soybeans and peanuts. A new study was initiated to evaluate the cold test for carrots and cucurbits. The committees objectives wi11 depend on 1985-86 results, however, we will probably continue with vegetable seed vigor and may initiate a study of wheat seed vigor.

6. Tetrazolium Test-(Lawrence 0 . Copeland). The committee reviewed the TZ Handbook, however, the job of revision that is needed is still undone. An open subcommittee meeting is planned for the 1986 meetings at which suggestions will be made and strategies determined.

7. Tree and Shrub Seed-(Frank Bonner). We have had a very lively discussion by mail this year on severaI major changes in the rules dealing with prechill and paired tests. We lrope to wrap this u p in Minneapolis. Many clarifications are needed in the rules for tree seeds. Objectives: 1) Complete rule proposal changes on prechill and paired test controversy. 2) Arrange a workshop on interpretation of tree seed tests.

8. Bean Seed Germination-(Guin Jenanyan). This committee has been involved in referees on the new bean seedling evaluation proposal and has organized discussion sessions for the 1986 annual meetings.

9. Germination and Dormancy-(Allen Knapp). The committee has organized, through the work of Quentin Schults, a dormancy debate which will be part of the SCST program. Also, Susan Maxon of the Federal Seed Laboratory, has conducted a survey of the methods currently used for the germination of bahiagrass. Several methods are used to indtice gemination with the most widely used being acid scarification. Even within the acid scarification procedure however several variations are used and standardi~ation work will be needed prior to any recommendations being made.

10. Conditioning Committee-(Manjit Misra). Newly formed committee, the current goals are to establish the committee membership and set priorities for projects.


11. Seed Pathology-(Jim Schoen). Conducted a referee among eleven laboratories for the detection of the Acremonium spp. endophyte. Three laboratories reported results that were out of tolerance based on Table 12 of the Rules for Testing Seeds. Some of the factors involved in the variation in results among laboratories appeared to be the NaOH digestion, staining procedures, and the squashing techniques. In order to circumvent these sources of error, ten slides each with five stained seeds have been prepared for a "round-robin" identification referee. Further research is needed to reduce the time required for distinguishing between viable and non-viable fungi as well as to determine the longevity of the fungi in harvested seed.

A. Knapp, Chairperson

REFEREE COMMITTEE KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, Region I, Chairperson Barbara Kopperud

Hall conducted a germination referee using fresh seed of Newport Kentr~cky bluegrass to compare alternate methods uscd by various participating laboratories. Each laboratory was asked to perform 2 parallel tests as follows: A) using AOSArules includingprechill; and D) any prefcrrcd method selected by the individual laboratory. fieported results indicated little difference between the various methods selected. The most noticeable range of variance was between Iaboratories that often test Kentucky bluegrass and those that seldom or never test it. When compiling results on future studies of Kentuky bluegrass germination the level of experience should always be considered.

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS, Region 11, Chairperson Jim Lair conducted a Kentucky bluegrass referee that was designed to compare the use of 0.1% KNO3 and 0.2% KN03 to stimulate germination in fresh seed. Check samples were made using the tetrazolium test (TZ) and germination test without KN03. For tests without KN03, the average germination for 19 replying laboratories was 81%, with 3% abnormal and 16% dead. Average TZ results showed potential germination to be 89%, with 1% abnormal and 10% dead. An increase in germination of 4% to 5% was observed when KN03 was used; however, no real difference was noted between the two KNO3 concentrations.

FESCUE AND RYEGRASS IDENTIFICATION, Region III. Chair- person Susan J. Kent conducted a referee that concerned the identification of Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), F. pratensis (meadow fescue) and Lolium sp. (ryegrass). Ten capsules containing 30 seeds each in various combinations of these three species were sent to 16 laboratories. Of the eight laboratories which participated, three were 100% correct in all categories, one averaged 99% correct, two averaged 90% correct or better,


one averaged 80%, and one averaged 76% correct. As was expected, the greatest difficulty arose in distinguishing tall fescue from meadow fescue. Since meadow fescue is not a commonly worked crop among these laboratories, increased training and practice could only improve the ability to make these separations.

BERMUDAGRASS IDENTIFICATION, Region IV, Chairperson Ran- dy Kocurek conducted a referee to check for uniformity in separating bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and giant bermudagrass (C. dactylon var. aridus) when conducting purity analyses. A sample sent to each of 34 laboratories in the Southwest Region was divided to a working weight of approximateIy one gram and a purity analysis was then conducted. The separation of bermudagrass and giant bermudagrass was made on one quarter of the pure seed fraction (approximately one-fourth gram). All component percentages were calculated and reported. An average of component percentages from reporting laboratories was calculated and individual laboratory results were compared to this average. Table 11 of the AOSA Rules was used to calculate tolerances. Of 14 laboratories reporting, 6 were out of tolerance with the average. This sample had a significant percentage of borderline seed and the laboratories that were not in tolerance had relatively little combined experience working with bermudagrass and giant bermudagrass. This probably contributed to the lack of uniformity.

TALL FESCUE ENDOPHYTE, Region V, Chairperson Monte Lange sent two samples of tall fescue to each of the participating seed laboratories. One sample contained a trace amount of the fungal endophyte, the other contained approximately 75% fungal endophyte. Instruc- tions were given to follow the procedures as stated in the AOSA Newsletter, Volume 59, No. 3, September, 1986, pages 49 and 50. Participants were asked to test the usual number of seeds, with a minimum of 3 0 seeds, and record their findings at each specified interval. Results indicate that there were uniform findings between labs, and between various numbers of seed tested (30-100 seeds). Based upon the findings of this referee, this test appears to be highly repeatable, regardless of the number of seed tested, with 30 seeds minimum.

POA PRATENSIS BLOWING, Region VI, Chairperson M. S. Dhaliwal sent a set of four samples of Poa pratensis to 18 laboratories. Subsamples A and B represented a high quality composite sample, and subsamples C and D represented a slightly lower quality composite sample. Standardization between laboratories of the blowing procedure environment and equipment was prescribed insofar as possible. For thirteen laboratories participating, the percentage range of heavy fraction results are as follows: sample A from 93.54 to 94.75; sample B from 92.91 to 94.77; sample C from 93.37 to 94.87; and sample D from 93.64 to 94.87. Using AOSA Table 6 for


sample B, the highest value of 94.77% was out of tolerance with the lowest value reported of 92.91%. While the study indicated no major problems, the following possible sources of variation were considered: 1) mixing and sampling; 2) calibration sample and setting of the calibration point; 3) analyst error; 4) blower type and condition; and 5) weather conditions.

W. Guerke. Chairperson

RULES COMMITTEE Twelve proposals for changes in or additions to the AOSA Rules for

Testing Seeds were received and approved by the Committee. These proposals include: (1) a change in the epicotyl descriptions for classification of both normal and abnormal seedlings of Fabaceae species in Section 7a of APPENDIX 1; (2) the addition of testing procedures for Astragalus cicer (cicer milkvetch); ( 3 ) the addition of testing procedures for Atriplex canescens (fourwing saltbush); ( 4 ) the addition of testing procedures for Ceratoides Zanata (winterfat); (5) the addition of testing procedures for Elymus cinereus (basin wildrye); (6) the addition of testing procedures for Kochia prostrata (forage kochia); (7) the addition of testing procedures for Purshia tridentata (antelope bitterbrush); (8) a change within Section 2.8 (other crop seed) that would allow an alternate method to determine pure seed versus inert matter for those kinds presently coveied by the Uniform Blowing Procedure and the Multiple Unit procedures; (9) the addition of Paspalum to the list of genera with entire spikelets as the seed unit in Section 2.6b (3); (10) the addition-of a new item c in Section 2.5 on calculation of number of seeds in the sample, relettering existing item c to d, and deletion of APPENDIX 2; (11) the addition of official procedures for testing coated seeds that would replace the unofficial tentative rules currently recognized by the AOSA; (12) a change in the cotyledon descriptions for classification of both normal and abnormal seedlings of Cucurbitaceae species in Section 4 of APPENDIX 1..

A clarification statement on Section 2.12 (Multiple Unit procedures) of the Rules was developed by the Committee and published in the February 1986 issue of both the AOSA Newsletter and the SCST Seed Technologist News.

The Committee (inconjunction with the Constitution Committee) surveyed the member laboratories on various issues related to the Rules Committee, Rules for Testing Seeds, and the Constitution and By-Laws. A summary of the responses to items in the survey was published in the February 1986 issue of the AOSA Newsletter.

The Committee assisted the chairman of the Editorial Committee in reprinting the pages of the Rules affected by the changes adopted at the 1985 AOSA meeting.


Several other items listed below were directed to the Committee for consideration and are currently under evaluation:

(1) Tolerance table(s) to use when conducting a purity using the chemical test on samples of yellow sweetclover or white sweetclover; (2) The official basis (if any) for using less than 200 seeds for a germination test on samples (which are not mixtures) of species in the Rules.

Eleven proposals were adopted and one proposal was rejected by the AOSA membership at the 1986 annual business meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Original proposal with supporting evidence for changes in or additions to the Ruler appear in the AOSA Newsletter 80{1):11-34 and 60(3):13-19. Several of these proposaIs have been amended or slightly modified, Please note that all the adol~ted proposals that follow become official rules on Octnher 1, 1986.

1. Change in seedling descriptions of Section 7a. in APPENDIX 1:

Adopted Proposal as amended from original (dashed underlining shows words added or changed)-

Normal seedling Epicotyl One or two primary leaves proportional in size to the

rest of the seedling and an intact terminal bud. Abnormal seedling

Epicotyl (c) No primary leaves, but terminal bud present and axillary buds in one or both axils of the cotyledons. (d) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the seedling, ............. usually associated with .............. visible defects of, or damage to, .......................... the main axis of the epicotyl.

2. Addition of Astragalus cicer-cicer milkvetch to the Rules:

Adopted Proposal- 1) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, AGRICUL- TURAL SEEDS) the following;.

Minimum Minimum Approxi- Approxi- weight weightfor mate mate

for noxious- number of number of purity weed seed seeds per seeds per

analysis examination gram ounce

Kind of seed Grams Grams Number Number

Astragalus cicer L. cicer milkvetch 9 90 270 7660

2) Include in Table 3 (Methods of testing for laboratory germination, AGRICULTURAL SEEDS) the following:


Tempera- First Final Substrata ture OC count count (See Sec. (See Sec. days days

Kind of seed 4.9-a-b) 4.9-c) (See Sec. 4.9-d)

Astragalus cicer cicer milkvetch B, TB, T 15-25 10 21' eHard seeds often present. See section 4.9k(6).

3) Include Astragalus cicer in the list of species under Section 7d. (Small-seeded legumes) of APPENDIX 1. Seedling Descriptions for normal-abnormal classifications.

3. Addition of Atriplex canescens-fourwing saltbush to the Rules:

Adopted Proposal as amended from original (items 4, 5 and 6 were added)-

1) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:

Minimum weight

for purity

analysis

Kind of seed Grams

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall 19

Approxi- Approxi- mate mate

number of number of seeds per seeds per

gram ounce

Nuinber Number

146 4150

2) Include in Table 5 (Methods of testing for laboratory germination, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:

Test T e m ~ e r a - duration Additional

Kind of seed Substrata ture oc days Directions

Atriplex canescens B 15 - 21 See foot- fourwing saltbush note b. b ~ . ~ . tetrazolium: See section 4.9k(2).

3) Section 12. Tree and Shrubs of APPENDIX 1. Seedling Descrip- tions shall be used for normal-abnormal classifications.

4) Section 2.6g under Seed unit shall be amended to read (dashed underlining shows words added for clarification):

"seed balls" or portions thereof in multigerm beets (Beta vulgaris), and fruits with accessory structures such as occur in the Chenopodiaceae .-.......... ......................... and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). Refer to Section 2.7i and 2.10a(9).


5) Section 2.7i under Kind or cultivar considered pure seed shall be amended to read (dashed underlining shows words added for clarification) :

Seed units of beets (Beta vulgaris) ................................................ and other Chenopodiaceae, and New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides). Refer to Section 2.10a(9).

6) Section 2.10a(9) under lnert matter shall be amended to read (dashed underlining shows words added for clarification): ' Rraken ..................................................................... reed &its of Chenopodiaceae and fruit po&n. or

fragments of Monogerm beets (Beta uulgaris), New Zcaland spinach (Tetragonia tefragonioides), huffalograss (Buchloe dac- tylaides) and families in which the seed unit may he a dry, indehiscent one-seeded fruit which visibly do nor contain a seed. Refer to Sections 2.6g, 2.3, 2.7g(1}, and 2.7i.

4. Addition of Ceratoides lanata-winterfat to the Rules:

Adopted Proposal- 1) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:

Minimum weight

for purity

analysis

Kind of seed Grams

Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J.T. Howell 12 winterfat



gram ounce

Number Number

213 6040

2) Include in Table 5 (Methods of testing for laboratory germination, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:

Test Tempera- duration Additional

Kind of seed Substrata lure "C days Directions

Ceratoides lanta P, T 15 14 For fresh lots, winterfat Prechill 14

days at 5OC and see

footnote b. b ~ . ~ . tetrazolium: See section 4.9k(2).


5. Addition of Elymus cinereus-basin wildrye to the Rules:


Adopted Proposal as amended from original (item 4 was added)- 1) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, AGRICUL- TURAL SEEDS) the following:

Minimum Minimum Approxi- Approxi- weight weight for mate mate



Kind of seed Grams Grams Number Number

Elymus cinereus Scribner & Merrill 8 80 317 9000 basin wildrye

2) Include in Table 3 (Methods or testing for laboratory germination, AGRICULTURAL SEEDS) the following:

Tempera- First Final Substrata ture O C count count (See Sec. (See Sec. days days

Kind of seed 4.9-a-b) 4.942) (See Sec. 4.9-d)

Elymus cinereus P 15-25 10 21d basin wildrye d~e te r rn ine viability of ungerminated seeds; see section 4.2e and 4.9k.

3) Section 6e (Other grasses) of APPENDIX 1.' Seedling Descrip- tions shall be used for normal and abnormal classifications.

4) Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds (AOSA Hand- book No. 25) shall be amendea to include this species and consider it as classification 3.

6. Addition of Kochia prostrata-forage kochia to the Rules:

Adopted Proposal as amended from original (dashed underlining shows words added, items 6 and 7 were added, and footnote d was transferred from Additional Directions to Final 'count days)-

1) Under Section 2.7 (Kind or cultivar considered pure seed), the following shall be added as pure seed:

j. Seeds of Kochia prostrata which are retained on a lmm opening square-holed sieve, when .................................................. shaken for 30 seconds.

2) Under Section 2.10a (Inert matter), the following shall be added as inert matter:

(10) Seeds of Kochia prostrata which pass through a lmm opening squared-holed sieve, when .................................................... shaken for 30 seconds.

3) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, AGRICUL- TURAL SEEDS) the following:


Minimum Minimum Approxi- Approxi- weight weight for mate mate



Kind of seed Grams Grams Number Numbe~

Kochia prostrata forage kochia 2 20 1070 30,300

4) Include in Table 3 (Methods of testing for laboratory germination, AGRICULTURAL SEEDS) the following:

Tempera- First Final Substrata ture OC count count (See Sec. (See Sec. days days

Kind of seed 4.9-a-b) 4.9-c) (See Sec. 4.9-d)

Kochia prostrata P 20 4 14d forage kochia d ~ e t e r m i n e viability of ungerminated seeds; see section 4.2e and 4.9k.

5) Include Kochia prostrata in the list of species under Section 1. Chenopodiaceae, Goosefoot family of APPENDIX 1. Seedling Descriptions for normal-abnormal classifications.

6) Section 2.6g under Seed unit shall be amended to contain the following statement for clarification after the last sentence [Refer to section 2.7i and 2.10a(9)]: Refer to 2.7j and 2.10a(10) for Kochia prostrata.

7) Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds (AOSA Hand- book No. 25) shall be amended to include this species and consider it as classification 3. Also include footnote prior to the scientific name.

7. Addition of Purshia tridentata-antelope bitterbrush to the Rules:

Adopted Proposal as amended from original (changes made under Additional Directions)-

1) Add the following to the end of the last sentence o f f in section 2.7 (Kind or cultivar considered pure seed):

and to section 2.10a(ll) for classification of the pericarp (fruit wall) in Purshia tridentata.

2) Add the following under section 2.10a (Inert matter):

(11) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of Purshia tridentata.

3) Include in Table 1 (Weights for working samples, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:


Minimum weight

for purity

analysis

Kind of seed Grams

Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DeCandolle 70 antelope bitterbrush



gram ounce

Number Number

37 1050

4) Include in Table 5 (Methods of testing for laboratory germination, TREE and SHRUB SEEDS) the following:

Test Sub- Tempera- duration Additional

Kind of seed strata ture OC days Directions

Purshia tridentata B 15 7 Presoak for 24 antelope bitterbrush hours at 20-22OC

followed by a 4 week prechill at 2-

h ~ . ~ . Tetrazolium: See section 4.9k(2). 5"C, or use TZh.


8. Change in definition of other crop seed in Section 2.8:

Adopted Proposal- 2.8 Other crop seed.-Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than

the kind(s) and cultivar(s) included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop seeds, unless recognized as weed seeds by laws, regulations, or by general usage. Refer to the current edition of AOSA Contribution No. 25 to the Handbook on Seed Testing: Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds. All interpretations and definitions for pure seed in section 2.7 shall also apply in determining whether seeds are other crop or inert matter with the following two exceptions which may be applied as acceptable alternatives:

a. Uniform Blowing Procedure in section 2.11 for kinds listed in section 2.7g(2) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units (as defined in section 2.6) for these kinds found in the working sample shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter. Only units containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of endosperm development which can be detected either by slight pressure or by examination over light are considered other crop.


b. Multiple Unit procedures in section 2.12 for kinds listed in secHon 2.7~(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple units and single units (as dcfintjd in 2,U) for thesc kinds found in the working sample shall be manuaIly separated into single florets. Each b e t containing a caryopsis with some clegree of endosperm development, which can be detected either by slight pressure as examination over light, is considered other crop. Empty florets and glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to section 2.10a(4).

9, Addition of Paspalurn to section 2.6b(3) of the Rules:

Adopted Proposal- 2.6 Seed unit.-

b. (3) Entire spikelets in Agrostis, Panicum, Paspalurn, and Setaria. Entire spikelets which may have attached rachis segments, pedicels and sterile spikelets in Andropogon, Bofhriochloa ischncmtm, Schizachyriurn scoparium, SOT- ghasbrum, and Sorgla~ta;

10. Calculation of number of seeds in the sample.

This proposal was rejected by the membership.

11. Rules for Testing Coated Seeds.

Adopted Proposal- 2.13 Coated seed purity procedures

a. Definition: Coated seed is a seed unit covered with any substance which changes the size, shape, or weight of the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.

b. Sampling: (1) Size of submitted sample: The minimum size for samples

of coated units to be submitted for purity analysis shall be that of 7500 units. The minimum size for samples of coated units to be submitted for noxious-weed seed examination shall be that of 30,000 units. When only a germination test is requested, a minimum of 1000 units shall be submitted.

(2) Forwarding and receipt of official samples: Samples of coated moisture-proof containers.

c. Size of working sample: (1) Single kinds: Due to variation in weight of coating

materials, the size or weight of the working sample shall be determined separately for each lot. The weight of the working sample shall be determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and calculating the weight of


2500 coated units for the purity analysis and 25,000 coated units for the noxious-weed seed examination.

(2) Mixtures: The working weight shall be,determined in the following manner: (a) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be

used for the mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by following sections 2.3d(l) or (2).

(b) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units by weighing the coated units. Then use methods described in section 2.13 f. (3) and (4) to remove coating material. Calculate the percentage of coating material using the following formulas:

Wt. of coating material =

Wt. of 100 coated units - Wt. of 100 de-coated units.

% of coating material =

Wt. of coating material + Wt. of 100 coated units x 100%.

(c) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the weight calculated in (a) multiplied by loo%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material calculated in (b). Example: Where the weight calculated in (a) = 5 grams and the percentage of coating material calculated in (b) =

30%:

5 grams x 100% - -

5 grams x 100% - - 70%

7.1 grams

d. Obtaining the working sample: Methods described in Section 2.2 shall be used, with the following precautions: Mechanical dividers may be used only if the distance of fall is less than 25 cm. and does not damage the coated units.

e. The purity analysis of coated seed: (1) Separation of component parts: The working sample

VOLUME. 11, NUMBER 2, 1987

shall be weighed in grams to four significant figures and shall be separated into four parts:

i. pure coated units ii. uncoated crop seed (including the kind under con-

sideration) iii. inert matter iv. uncoated weed seed

(2) Pure coated units shall include: i. entire coated units regardless of whether or not they

contain a seed ii. broken and damaged coated units in which more

than half the surface of the seed is covered by coating material, except when it can be seen that, either the seed is not of the species stated by the sender, or there is no seed present.

(3) Uncoated crop seed shall include: i. free seeds of any crop species; refer to sections 2.7

and 2.8 ii. broken coated units containing a crop seed that is

recognizably not of the species stated by the sender iii. broken coated units of the species stated when the

coating material covers half or less of the surface of the seed.

(4) Inert matter shall include: i. loose coating material ii. broken coated units in which it is obvious there is no

seed iii. any other material defined as inert matter in section

2.10 (5) Uncoated weed seed shall include:

i. free seeds of any weed species; refer to section 2.9 ii. broken coated units containing a weed seed

f. The purity analysis on de-coated seed, to be performed upon request or if necessary because the sample is a mixture: (1) Obtain the working sample as in sections 2.13c.(l) and

(2), and weigh in grams tn four significant figures. (2) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and

included with the inert matter component. (3) Remove the coating material from the seed by washing

with water or other solvents such as, but not limited to, dilute sodium hydroxide. Use of fine mesh sieves are recommended for this procedure, and stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-coated seed.


(4) Spread on blotters or filter paper in a shallow container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.

(5) Separation of component parts: i. kind or cultivar considered pure seed ii. other crop seed iii. inert matter iv. weed seed v. coating material

The de-coated seed shall be separated into the first four components in accordance with Sections 2.7 through 2.10. Sections 2.11 and 2.12 shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material component is determined by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four components from the original weight of the working sample. Calculate percentages of all five components based on the original weight of the working sample.

g. Noxious weed seeds: A noxious-weed seed examination shall be made by examin- ing approximately 25,000 units which have been de-coated.

h. Identification and cultivar determination: Verification of kind of seed under consideration shall be made on 100 coated units taken from the pure coated unit component of the purity separation. Before examination, the coating material shall be removed by washing or other appropriate method. The name and number of each kind found shall be reported. For cultivar determination, a minimum of 400 coated units shall be examined as above.

4.8 Special procedures and alternate methods for germination k. Coated Seed:

(1) Germination tests on coated seed units and on de-coated seed shall be conducted in accordance with methods in section 4.10. Kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in Section 4.8 shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.

(a) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any other pretreatment.

(b) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can otherwise be separated by kinds shall be ger- minated as separate kinds without removing the coating material.

(c) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by kinds without removing the coating material

VOLUME .11, NUMBER 2, 1987 199

shall have the coating removed in a manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seed. The de-coated seeds shall be planted as separate kinds on the same day the coating material is removed.

(d) On request or as a comparison, germinatin may be made on de-coated seed. Remove the coating material in a manner that will not affect the germination of the seeds and plant the same day.

(2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. Tt may depend on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A retest may be necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample is achieved.

(3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated seeds in paper substrata. In such cases a com- parative test or retest in sand or soil may be necessary.

12. Change in seedling descriptions of Section 4 in APPENDIX 1:

Adopted Proposal as amended from original (wording changed to conform with statements used for cotyledons of garden beans in Section 7 of APPENDIX 1)-

Normal seedling Cotyledons At least one complete cotyledon free of injury or

decay, or two broken cotyledons with half or more of the original cotyledon tissue remaining attached to the seedling.

Abnormal seedling Cotyledons Part of one cotyledon or two broken cotyledons

with less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining attached.

S. Hurst, Chairperson

SEEDLING EVALUATION The Committee has continued to work toward the publication of a

handbook of seedling evaluation. A very productive two day meeting was held in November to discuss technical details relating to the writing of the handbook material.

First drafts have been written of the introductory chapter, 17 descriptions and the glossary. Four descriptions remain to be drafted. Work has started on the preparation of drawings which will be used extensively throughout the handbook to illustrate seedling defects.

Some of the descriptions have been reviewed by laboratories with a strong working knowledge of the included species. It is intended that all


descriptions will be reviewed in this manner before presentation to the membership for acceptance.

The Committee has set June, 1987 as a target date for completion of the final draft of the handbook.

D. Ashton, Chairperson

PUBLIC SERVICE AND ARCHIVES COMMITTEE During the 1985-86 year the Public Service Committee continued with

the two primary functions of distribution of the AOSA slide sets and materials for use by the public being received for presentation to the board of archiving into the AOSA archive file at Iowa State University.

One request was received for slide sets from the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources. According to the correspondence the group was located in Caracella, rome, Italy. Their original request came from Mr. Kar-Ling Tao asking for slide sets A, D, and E for duplication work and distribution overseas. The request was initially filled with slide set A which was mailed under separate cover July 85 to the Rome address. The letter informing them of shipment arrived, but the slides were lost in transit and I assume destroyed. An inquiry through the postmaster didn't produce positive results. As such the slide sets D and E were shipped through a pouch system with this group's Washington, D.C. representative. Those slides did arrive intact and are still there. If they are not returned by July of this year, I will address an inquiry to the group again and ask for their return.

I received one document for filing in the Archives at Iowa State University. That document was a merit award certificate from David Svik. Dave asked I keep it on hand in the archives should we need another copy to start reprinting the certificates. A third copy is being kept with the secretary treasurer of AOSA. This document will be filed at the Iowa State University library archives later this summer. That will be the first opportunity I have to get back there to file the document.

I also prepared another document in my duties as the Seed Lab Manager for the Illinois Department of Agriculture. That document was a definition of AOSA for insertion into the Illinois Seed Law Definitions. The Illinois Seed Law is being reviewed and I was asked to prepare a definition of AOSA for the committee to review. My source for this preparation was the preface of the AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds. As public service chairman I am bringing this document to the board and asking their approval prior to the final version of the Illinois Seed Law being presented to the Legislature in November 1986. If this definition is found to be of value or asked for regularly by other states doing law revisions, I would like to have the board's OK for distribution of this AOSA definition to the public or other groups. A copy of the definition in final form is included with this report.

J. Lair, Chairperson


BUDGET COMMITTEE

AOSA Budget for Year 1986-1987

RECEIPTS Cash on hand (May 31,1986) Publications: Handbooks Newsletters Journals Rules

Membership dues Interest Miscellaneous income

TOTAL RECEIPTS

DISBURSEMENTS Publications: Handbooks 1,000.00 Newsletters 9,000.00 Journals 13,000.00 Rules 2,000.00

Meeting Advance 1,000.00 CAST dues + Special Memorial 740.00 Travel for AOSA Liaison Representatives (2) 2,600.00 Teaching and Training 700.00 Assistance for Secretary-Treasurer:

Computer Services 1,000.00 Official supplies 500.00 Postage 3,500.00

TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS 35,040.00 D. F. Svik, Chairperson

CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE In response to the large number of procedural questions on rules,

tentative rules, quorums at meetings, and parlimentary procedures which seemed to surface at the Virginia meeting, the Rules Committee in cooperation with the Constitution Committee, sent out a survey to all member laboratories regarding these questions. A summary was published in the February, 1986 issue of the newsletter.

An open meeting of the Constitution Committee is scheduled at the Minneapolis meeting to receive more input from members so the


Committee can adequately develop proposals for possible changes in the Constitution at future meetings. All members, associate members, and other interested parties are encouraged to provide input at the meeting or to contact committee members.

D. Svik, Chairperson

SEED STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE The Seed Standardization Committee is now two years old, organized

and operating. To obtain better understanding an article was written about this committee and was printed in various seed trade publications. A letter was sent to all Seed Control Officials to explain the operation of the committee.

The Seed Sample Mediation Subcommittee under the leadership of Gail Fenderson has had very little activity. One sample of Bermudagiass for a germination problem was received and handled with good correlation of test results.

The Teaching and Training Subcommittee under the leadership of Ed Hardin has been very active. Two beginning Seed Analyst Short Courses were planned. The one to be held in Colorado in May was cancelled due to lack of learners. The course in New York is planned for August. Responses indicate there will be a good turnout.

The California State Seed Laboratory has been cooperative. They have shifted from a rather basic short course to concentration in flower and vegetable seed testing. They are using the AOSA certificates developed by the Teaching and Training Subcommittee to acknowledge individual participation in an AOSA sponsored workshop. The benefit from these is a symbol of personal satisfaction and documentation for employers or potential employers.

The Uniformity Subcommittee under the guidance of Harry Smith has had a full year. Two suggested Rule Changes were sent to the Rules committee. These suggested changes had to do with the procedures for handling kinds subject to the Uniformity Blowing Procedure and the Multiple Unit Procedure when such kinds are present in a sample to the extent of 5% or less. These will be voted on at the 1986 meeting.

Several states in the Northeast including Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia have adopted, or are working toward adopting, regulations for establishing a separate list of objectionable or noxious species for lawn and turf kinds. Certain varieties of tall fescue will be considered turf-type and will be'required to carry lawn and turf labeling, and the other varieties will be considered forage-type and will be required to carry agricultural labeling. Therefore, it will be essential that


analysts and labelers know which category a particular variety belongs to in order to properly label it for the States involved. The subcommittee attempted to properly label it for the states involved. The subcommittee attempted to develop lists of turf-type and forage-type varieties by soliciting the opinion of several breeders of tall fescue varieties. The information received was not .sufficient for this purpose. Three did not respond, two indicated that they did not think that there should be a distinction between turf-type and forage-type, and one provided the type of information we were seeking. We are hopeful that the States themselves will be able to agree on how the varieties should be categorized.

Steve Hurst, one of the subcommittee members, with the help of the USDA nomenclature files at Beltsville, MD, has made substantial progress toward a uniform list of noxious weed seed names. This list includes common names, scientific names and synonyms, and authorities. When completed this list should be published in a useful place. Perhaps the AOSA handbook No. 25 "Uniform Classification of Weed and Crop Seeds," should be revised to include this list.

W. P. Ditmer, Chairperson

C.A.S.T. The AOSA Executive Board included a $500.00 item in the budget for

the support of "Science of Food and Agriculture." This amount is above our regular dues and represents a final one-time contribution to the journal before it becomes self-supporting by subscription salcs. The support given by the AOSA membership for the Journal is very commendable.

The summer meeting of the CAST b a r d of Directors was held at Ames, Iowa on July 21-23,1986. The highlight of the meeting was a reception on the evening of July 22, held in honor of Dr. Charles BIack. Charlie Black was (and still is) an exceptionally strong force in the creation and maintenance of CAST as a reputable source of scientific information for legislators and other governmental policy makers. A "Charles Black Outstanding Scientist Award" was unveiled at this reception. Needless to say, Charlie was totally unaware that such an award was being instituted. This was important since he was the first recipient of the award. The award will be presented each year by CAST. Perhaps AOSA members should consider possible nominations for this award from our own ranks.

Two new task forces were approved at this meeting: 1. Long-term Sustainability of Agriculture, and 2. Improving Irrigation Efficiencies.

Other task forces are under consideration for possible approval at a later time.


1. Export Development; Barriers and Constraints. 2. Food Safety, Risk Assessment Methodology. 3. Methods by which land is taken out of Agriculture by Government

Land Retirement Programs. 4. Identifying market needs or gaps which can be filled by new

agriculture products. 5. Chemicals in foods and environment-a risk assessment.

There was a strong request by the CAST Board of Directors that each of the member societies seriously consider identifying projects that could possibly be a candidate for a CAST task force. This would make CAST efforts more relevant to each of our societies.

A. L. Larsen, Chairperson

MEETING PLACE COMMITTEE The main objective of the Meeting Place Committee throughout this

past year has been to secure invitations for the next open meeting year in 1988. We fortunately have received one gracious invitation from the State of New York to host the 1988 meeting. SCST members Marilee Thompson and Louise Bagge of the Stanford Seed Company, in Buffalo, New York have invited our associations to meet in Grand Island, New York, at the Holiday Inn Niagara Resort and Conference Center, located minutes away from Niagara Falls and Buffalo, New York.

With the 1987 meeting place established as Sacramento, California, the committee feels the move back to &he eastern part of the country in 1988 would afford those members in the east "equal access" and therefore recommends acceptance of this invitation from New York for the 1988 meeting.

L. W. Nees, Chairperson

AUDIT COMMITTEE - The Audit Committee examined the books of the Secretary-Treasurer

on June 15,1986 and found them to be in order. D. Ashton, Chairperson

VIGOR TEST SUBCOMMITTEE The Seed Vigor Subcommittee met on Tuesday, June 17 in Minneapolis,

MN with approximately 75 people in attendance. The agenda included: 1) future role of AOSA Seed Vigor Handbook, 2) research reports on 1985-86 projects, and 3) plans for 1986-87. The objectives of the committee are: 1) to standardize the seed testing laboratories and 2) to develop and evaluate


tests to measure various aspects and components of seed vigor in a wide range of crop species.

Old Business AOSA secretary Jim Lair indicated that 979 Seed Vigor Handbooks

remained in inventory and wondered if the committee had considered other methods for distribution and sales. Chairman TeKrony indicated that a publicity release should go to Seed Trade magazines after the revised procedures for the accelerated-aging test for soybeans are approved. It was agreed that the price of the handbook should remain at $20.00; however, a reduced price of $10.00 per copy was approved for students and instructors using it for educational purposes.

Based on the research conducted by the committee in 1983-84 and other recent research, the procudures for the accelerated-aging test for soybeans in the Vigor Testing Handbook were revised and circulated. After minor corrections, these revisions were approved and will be forwarded to the AOSA publications editor for printing as a supplement in the AOSA handbook. After lengthy discussion, it was also agreed that for those vigor tests far which adequate laboratory and field testing are completed ( i s , accelerated-aging for soybean) and the results were repeatable among laboratories, ascparate section entitled "Recommmded Seed Vigor Tests" should he established in the AOSA Seed Vigor Handbook. The revised procedures for the accelerated-aging test for soybeans will be included for this new section.

New Business 1. Cold Test for Corn-Allen Knapp and Wayne Beckwith presented the results of a study in which ten seed lots were evaluated in six laboratories using three methods (tray, rolled towel and shoe box). Even though all results were not complete, the trend was similar to last year with less variability in results when using the shoe box method. Their final results and procedures for the rolled towel and tray methods will be published in an AOSA newsletter. A recommendation regarding the cold test procedure for corn will be presented to the committee next year. 2. Carrot and Cucumber Seed Vigor-Allen Knapp reported that several seed lots had been cdlected From Gwen Jenanyan and that laboratory and field tests had been initiated at Iowa Skate University in 1986. Additional seed lots and testing locations will he added in 1986-87 with the following vigor tests: cold test, accelerated-aging, 10°C germination and seedling growth rate related to three or four field locations. 3. Conducticity Test for Soybeans, Cnrn and Peanuts-Gary Reusche presented the results of a study which compared the bulk conductivity procedure to the single seed conductivity tcst using the ASA 610 or ASAC 1000 in several laboratories. Considerable variability was noted between


laboratories for both methods when comparing corn and peanut seed lots. Excellent repeatability among laboratories was shown for bulk conductivity in soybeans; however the single seed method was much more variable. Reusche indicated that the single seed conduckivity test as recommended by the manufacturer did not provide repeatable results of soybean, corn or peanut seedvigor. Based on consistent results for the bulk conductivity test for soybeans, the committee recommended that the present procedure in the Vigor Testing Handbook should be revised. Likewise, the althernate single seed procedure should be revised to reflect seed vigor (pamps/ seed) which which would be much more usable to owners of this equipment.

1986-87 Research Projects and Publications 1. Vegetable seed vigor will be continued (see above) for carrot and cucumber with Allen Knapp as chairman. 2. Sorghum seed vigor study will be initiated for the soft red winter wheats with Loren Wiesner and Alan Galbreth as co-chairman. 3. Wheat seed vigor study will be intiated with Curt Delouche as chairman. 4. Publish results of cold test for corn (Knapp and Beckwith) and conductivity test (Reusche) in AOSA newsletter. 5. Revise AOSA Vigor Testing Handbook to include new "Recommended Vigor Tests" section with accelerated-aging test for soybeans as first recommended test procedure.

D. TeKrony, Chairperson

NECROLOGY COMMITTEE The Necrology Committee has been advised of the death of two

members since our last meeting in Richmond, Va.; Dr. Louis N. Bass, National Seed Storage Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO. and Mr. John Pauksens, Seed Biology Laboratory, Ottawa, Canada.

Janis John Pauksens

Mr. Janis John Pauksens of Ottawa, Canada, passed away, March 9, 1986, at the age of 70.

Mr. Pauksens was born in Latvia on June 8,1915. He obtained his B.Sc. degree in 1941 from the Agricultural Academy of Jelgava, Latvia. His career was dramatically affected by the war and he and his family emigrated from Europe to Canada after the war. After re-establishing his family, he obtained a M.Sc. in 1957 at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. He then joined the staff of Agriculture Canada, first working in the Plant Protection Division in 1959. Mr. Pauksens first worked in the Seed


Section and was responsible for establishing a variety purity testing program. He was then transferred to the then Analytical Services Section and subsequently became the Head, Cultivar Verification Control Testing Unit of the Seed Biology Laboratory. He held this position until he retired on June 6,1980.

In his role as Head of this Unit he served Agriculture Canada's Seed Division, Canada's Seed Certification Agency, and the Canadian Seed Growers' Association through provision of a post harvest control testing service and follow-up recommendations which assisted them in taking decisions on pedigree status of the seed growers' in the identification of "off types" in seed fields.

Mr. Pauksens received international recognition for this knowledge of variety purity testing and served on the International Seed Testing Association Variety Purity Committee from 1965, and was vice chairman from 1977 to 1980. he was a member of the Agricultural Institute of Canada and life member of the Canadian Seed Growers' Association.

Mr. Pauksens is survived by his wife Valerie, one son and two daughters.

Louis Nelson Bass March 7,1919 - January 24,1986

On a bright, sunny, winter day Louis returned home from work for lunch and suddenly collapsed and died. Upon being informed of his death the employees at the National Seed Storage Laboratory were in a complete state of shock and disbelief. Louis was a robust man, full of life, and enjoyed all aspects of his life to the very end. His family and many friends and colleagues will miss him.

Louis was born in Iola, Kansas, but attended universities in Iowa receiving a B.S. degree in Biological Science from Upper Iowa University in 1940; a M.S. degree in Plant Taxonomy from the State University of Iowa in 1943; and a Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from Iowa State University in 1949. Positions held included the following: Biology and Chemistry Instructor, Upper Iowa University (1943); Plant Breeder, Associated Seed Growers (1944); Science and Mathematics Instructor, Ankeny High School (1945); Seed Analyst and Assistant Professor, Iowa State University (1945-1958); Plant Physiologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricul- tural Research Service, National Seed Storage Laboratory (1958-1986). In 1970, Dr. Bass was named the Director of the NSSL and served in that capacity until his death. In addition he served as Research Leader for the Seed Viability and Storage Unit from 1972 until his death

In the area of seed research, he authored over 100 publications including the book, Principles and Practices of Seed Storage which he co-authored with 0. L. Justice; also 6 book chapters, over 50 scientific journal articles,


plus numerous technical bulletins, reports, as well as popular and semi-popular articles on seed storage. Specific research for which he was well known included studies on response of many seed species to storage under different temperature-relative humidity regimes; effects of various packaging materials on seed storage; effects of different atmospheres on seed longevity; prevention of physiological necrosis in lettuce through use of subfreezing storage temperatures; development of laboratory germination procedures for many species; and the establishment of the tetrazolium test for determining the viability of dormant Kentucky bluegrass and other kinds of seeds.

Several scientific and honorary societies had the benefit of Louis' experience and enthusiasm including ISTA, the Association of Official Seed Analysts, which he served as President, the Crop Science Society of America (Div. C-4 Chairman and Board Rep.), the American Society of Agronomy, the American Society for Horticultural Science, Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi, Gamma Sigma Delta, and Epsilon Sigma Phi. Some of the honors and awards received included: Honorary Member, Society of Commercial Seed Technologists; Alumni Achievement Award, Upper Iowa University; Award of Merit, Association of Official Seed Analysts; Fellow of American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society America.

In addition to his many research achievements, awards and honors, Louis Bass was best known for his kindness to others. Many students over the years sought his advice. Aspiring seed analysts came to him for help in finding jobs, a task which he never refused. His employees were always uppermost in his mind and they respected him highly.

Louis is survived by his wife, Jane who often accompanied him to various scientific meetings, a son, Colin, a daughter, Nelsa, and three grandsons, Kevin, Kelley, and C.J. We all share a common grief at his passing. B. Vaughan, Chairperson

NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE The chairman of the Nominations Committee asked members of the

AOSA for nominations to fill vacancies in the offices of Vice-President and three (3) Executive Board members.

Fifteen (15) nominations for Vice-President and thirty-three (33) nominations for the Executive Board were received. From that list six (6) nominees with the most votes for the Executive Board and two (2) for the Vice-President were added to the ballot.

A ballot was mailed in April 1986 to the membership. Dr. Allen Knapp was nominated for Vice-President. T. Wayne Still and Randy Kocurek were nominated for a three (3) year term on the Executive Board.

C. Sciple, Chairperson


NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE During the past year all AOSA and SCST member laboratories received

from me an analysis of scientific names listed in the Rules of both the AOSA and ISTA. Steve Hurst, Chairman of the AOSA Rules Committee, received editorial changes in the nomenclature for revising the AOSA Rules.

In December 1985, I hecame the ARS (USDA) nomenclaturalist, replacing (if I can) my collcag~ie Ed Terrell, who retired. Cnncurrently, the Laboratory and Institute were reorganixerI. I am now a Projcct Leader for vascular plants and in a new laboratory, Systematic Rotany, Mycology, ancl Nematology Laboratory which is in an expanded institute ca1lcd Biosystematics and Beneficial Insect Institute.

My day to day job has not changed. I will be preparing the third USDA Technical Bulletin volume on legume seeds and preparing a book on the seed-fruit characters of all vascular plant families. But added to this is the nomenclature work. I oversee two contract botanists who are working on the nomenclature of ca. 50,000 economically important vascular plants. The results of their research will be made available to the various seed organizations over the next few years.

C. R. Gunn, Chairperson

MERIT AWARD COMMITTEE As I was completing the report on our recipient for this year's Merit

Award, I decided to research the town where he was born. I checked the Rand-McNally Road Atlas and it states that Henderson, North Carolina is a town of 12,740 people; approximately 38 miles north of Raleigh where he now resides. Our recipient was horn in Henderson in 1922, which means that he only moved 38 miles in all those years. Ry now, at least one of you realizes that our 1986 Merit Awarcl recipient i s George Spain.

George, you may have only moved a short distance from your home, but you have managed to accomplish many achievements.

After high school, George graduated from Rice Business College, attended North Carolina State University and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture Education and a Master of Science degree in Plant Breeding. He spent three years and three months in the Navy during World War 11.

Beforc college, George served as a fireman with the Pennsylvania Railroad. While at North Carolina State, he was a Research Assistant and also an Agronomy Extension Specialist for seven years. He has been employed by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture for the past 22 years: 12 years as the Director of Seed Testing; 6 years as Director of the Seed and Fertilizer Division; and the last 6 years as Director of the Plant


Industry Division. Under his direction, many laws relating to all phases of the Division's responsibilities have been established or revised.

George has also been very active in conducting classes for college students in the areas of field crops, horticulture, and botany. During his employment with the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, he developed and implemented seedling classifications for North Carolina unique to the United States.

George is married to Mary Gladys Allen and they have three children; Mary, Chuck, and Ashley.

George's professional activities the past 22 years are numerous. In AOSA, he has served on many committees and chaired many of them as such: Vigor, Rules, Program, Legislative, Certification of Analysts, Public Service, Merit Award, and the Advisory Committee to the Seed Standardi- zation Branch. He has been a member of the Executive Board, serving for six years. He was Vice President of AOSA in 1970 and President in 1971.

George also has been active in the Association of American Seed Control Officials where he served on many committees and was an active member of the Executive Board. He was elected President of the Association and served in that capacity from 1977 through 1979. George also served as President of the Southern States Seed Control Officials from 1973 through 1975. Among the many honors accorded to George over the past years are: Honorary Lifetime member of the North Carolina Crop Improvement Association; and being named as "Tar Heel of the Week" by the News and Observer in July 1981.

Last, but not least, George has also been very active working with Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts, and Explorers these past 15 years in the Forest Hills Baptist Church.

On behalf of the Association, I am very proud to present the 1986 Merit Award to Mr. George E. Spain. D. Svik, Chairperson

SEED ANALYSIS CERTIFICATE COMMITTEE At the 1985 annual meeting in Richmond, Virginia a committee was

formed to explore development of AOSA seed analysis certificates. Ed Hardin will convene the committee in my absence. Among items to

be discussed are: using the certificate(s) as a revenue source for AOSA; development of a single certificate which could be used both domestically and internationally; requirements a lab must meet in order to issue a certificate. I have reported the existence of this committee and its intentions to the Western Seed Control Officials at which meeting both Federal Seed Act and ASTA people were present.

The status of the committee to date is "investigational." R. Danielson, Chairperson


RESOLUTION FROM THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSIS

WHEREAS, The Federal Seed Act since 1939 has served in partnership with state seed laws in enforcement of truthful labeling of seeds resulting in incalculable benefits to farmers, seedsmen, and all agricultural interests of this nation; and WHEREAS, There is a request that funding for the continuation of the enforcement of the Federal Seed Act be withdrawn and the Act repealed; and WHEREAS, The repeal of the Federal Seed Act would lose its national representation to the International Seed Testing Association; and WHEREAS, The United States would lose its central clearing house for resolving disagreements about misrepresentation and substandard quality of seeds and would lose the national coordinator for the labeling of the genetic identification of seeds; and WHEREAS, The withdrawal of funding for the seed branch would result in the loss of a laboratory which provides a significant amount of teaching and training, and performs an important mediation function in interstate disputes by its application of the Federal Seed Act; THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, That the Association of Official Seed Analysts meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 12th-20th, 1986, hereby affirms its support for the retention of the Federal Seed Act and adequate funding of the programs administered under the Act.

Ellen Chirco, President

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS ELLEN M. CHIRCO

Good afternoon guests, affiliates and members of the Association of Official Seed Analysts. It has been an honor and a pleasure to have served as President of AOSA for the past year. This has indeed been an interesting and informative experience and one which had given me a much broader perspective of seed technology.

The Association business has been conducted and the various committees will report on the year's activities later in the program. Several points which I would like to address now relate to: I) the inaclequatepublicity our Association receives, 2) the need to keep analysts informed about seed related activities, and 3) what role our Association can play in assisting international seed programs.

First, I would like to state that I am not convinced our Association, or the importance of our work, receives the publicity it needs or deserves. In 1973, as an undergraduate Biology major at Keuka College, Keuka Park, NY I had the opportunity to participate in a work study program in the Botany Department at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. It was there, in a research laboratory that I had my first experience with seed testing. Although I was attending a college not 25 miles away from the New York State Seed Laboratory, which has long been known for its seed testing and research facilities, I was not aware of its existence or the possibility of a career in seed technology. The experience I gained in Scotland enabled me to secure an entry level position in that seed laboratory the following year. Knowing of this field earlier would have allowed me to pursue my career in Seed Technology at a much earlier date.

I believe communications have improved since then. We now conduct numerous tours of the seed laboratory to grade school, high school, and university students as well as visiting scientists, senior citizens, youth groups and garden clubs every year. Several students from area colleges have also participated in work-study programs with the Seed Labora- tory.

There are now plans to update the Seed Technology "Seed Analyst" and You brochure. With the publication and distribution of a current version of this brochure we can better makc the values of seed analysis known. This brochure needs to relate aur function and available Association publications, and list the facilities which offer training and courses in seed technology. These brochures need to be distributed to high schools, colleges, and Voc-Tech facilities as well as to agricultural and affiliate organizations. It is our responsibility to make the public more aware of our contributions to Agriculture.

VOLUME. 11, NUMBER 2, 1987 213

Secondly, I wish ta address the need for well informed analysts. It is extremely important that we do not limit ourselves only to knowledge of activities within the laboratory, We should have knowIedge of seed production, certification and the interaction of our affiliate organizations. It would be beneficial to have articles. on these topics submitted to the AOSA Newsletter, since this may be the only source of information many analysts have access to. We must take the initiative to keep our rnember- ship well informed. Should not the analyst know more about seed than just how to run tests and report results?

One of the most rewarding experiences 1 had this year was that of being Program Assistant in a three week short course on "Seed Handling and Secd Physiology in Genebanks" hosted by the New Y erk State Agricultural Experiment Station. Representativcs responsible for germplasm maink- nance from 11 different countries participated in this International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) funded course.

The IBPGR was founded in 1974 as an international organization by the Consultative Group on International Research (CGIAR). It states that its function is "to promote an international network of genetic resource centers to further the collection, conservation, documentation, cvaluarion and use of plant germplasm and thereby contribute to raising the standard of living and welfare of people throughout the world,"

In addition to being Program Assistant it was also my responsibility to provide "hancls on" laboratory experience in seed testing. As everyone present knows, sonnd seed testing procedmes are essential in monitoring the viability of accessions in genebanks. Since a viability test is a destructive test, in that it depletes a quantity of accessions, it i s essential that proper testing procedures are employecl initially. In many cases dormancy is a great concern, the extent of which may vary between species and accessions. Seed analysis plays an integral role in germpIasm maintenance,

I had no knowledge of the IBPGR before this experience. I was also pleased to learn of an IBPGR publication entitled 'Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks" Volume I1 Compendium of Specific Germi- nation Information and Test Recommendations. This is a valuable resource for it presents a nea t quantity of information on germination test procedures and recommendation for breaking dormancy. These procedures and recommendations are drawn from lSTA and AClSh publication? Do we realize how far reaching our influence is?

Another positive outcome of thc course was that dcspitc differences in language, politics, religion, and race a true fellowship developed among the group because of the shared common interest of seed technology. A visiting scientist at the Experiment Station has stated that one must be "seed-minded to enjoy their work with seeds.


Last November I was invited to represent our organization at the XI Pan American Seed Seminar held at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Cali., Colombia. Technical and semi-technical papers were given on Tropical and Sub Tropical agriculture in addition to presentations by various public and private organizations.

CIAT is one of 13 international agricultural research centers in the world, also under the responsibility of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). These centers are germplasm oriented so that they are either placed at the center of origin or center of diversity of the crops for which they are responsible. The four crop responsibilities of CIAT, which covers the area of the Caribbean and Latin America, are Bean, Cassava, Tropical pastures and rice.

CIAT has a well developed Seed Unit under the direction of Johnson Douglas. It provides, among other things, training in seed technology. Several of our membership have instructed in training courses held at CIAT. I had the opportunity to meet with Johnson Douglas and some members of the Seed Unit, as well as other representatives attending the seminar, to discuss: the benefits of cooperation between seed organizations, possibilities of membership in AOSA, availability of publications, the exchange of information on crops of major interest, the possibility of workshops and training courses. It became evident that there was much our organization could offer Latin America.

The point I would like to make is that it is up to us, as members of this organizations, to realize our potential by overcoming the limitations of an insulated laboratory environment.

I would like to thank all of you who have made contributions to the Association this year. Whether it has been in the form of committee participation or in submitting articles for the Newsletter or Journal of Seed Technology. The success of this Association relies on the endeavors of the membership, either individually or collectively. Continue to share your interest, skills and knowledge and make your contribution.

I would like to thank everyone for their support and assistance this past year. As I have already said it has been an honor to serve you. Thank you for this opportunity. Although my tenure as President is completed, please know I remain committed to the objectives of the Association of Official Seed Analysts. Thank you.

INDEX OF JOST 1981-1986

Volume 11 Number 2

1987

Prepared by

Susan R. Maxon


VOLUME 11 NUMBER 2

Stone Printing Company Lansing, Michigan


PREFACE This index covers the years 1981 through 1986, volumes 6 through 10, of

the Journal of Seed Technology (JOST). The index for the years 1976 through 1980 was published in 1984. Indexes to the Proceedings of the Association of Offical Seed Analysts for the period from 1908 to 1975 were published in 1939,1961, and 1981.

Volumes of JOST included in this index are summarized as follows: Vol. 6, No. 1,1981 Index of Proceedings 1960-1975 Vol6, No. 2, 1981 Rules for Testing Seeds (revised yearly) Vol6, No. 3,1981 Papers and Proceedings of 1981 Annual Meeting Vol7, No. 1,1982 Papers and Proceedings of 1982 Annual Meeting Vol8, No. 1, 1,983 Constitution and By-laws; Papers and Proceed-

ings of 1983 Annual Meeting Vol9, No. 1, 1984 Papers for 1984; Index of JOST 1976-1980 Vol9, No. 2,1984 Papers and Proceedings of 1984 Annual Meeting Vol10, No. 1,1986 Papers for 1985 Vol10, No. 2,1986 Papers and Proceedings of 1985 Annual Meeting

This index is divided into two sections, Subject Index and Author Index. In the Subject Index, common names are used for references to kinds which are in the AOSA Rules. Latin names are used for species not in the AOSA Rules prior to 1986. Articles are extensively cross-indexed by subject and species (except for material in Volume 6, Nos. 1 and 2). Association meetings and committee reports are also included and are cross-indexed by subject and species when appropriate. In both Subject Index and Author Index, references are in tabular form for easier readability. Each reference consists of volume number, issue number in parentheses, and first page number of the article.

I wish to thank Michael Davy, Federal Seed Laboratory, and A1 Burgoon, Plant Variety Protection Office, for their generous assistance with the Alpha Micro computer; and Dr. Richard Payne, Federal Seed Laboratory, for valuable suggestions and review of this index.

S. R. Maxon USDA, AMS, Seed Branch Federal Seed Laboratory Beltsville, MD


Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus storage and germination 9(1):20

accelerated aging soybean 7(1):141

9(2):196 accreditation of laboratories

barley quality and grain size

BASIC bibliography database

bean, field and garden an thracnose bacterial diseases conductivity test

committee report after-ripening

bluegrass, Kentucky Agropyron spp.

identification referee

pathological testing primary leaf size

bean, field halo blight pathological testing alkaloid, pyrrolizidine

tall fescue allelopathy

variety bean, garden

cotyledon cracking electrophoresis germination

bibliography database BASIC computer software

biotechnology forest regeneration

black rot

corn, sweet Alternaria zinniae

blight of zinnia Ambrosia dumosa

storage and germination Amelanchier alnifolia

germination and dormancy 7(1):60 anthracnose

bean disease 9(1):2 ascorbic acid

growth promoter 8(1):41 asparagus

rule change 9(2) : 170 ungerminated seed, rule 9(2):184 change

disease of crucifers blackleg disease

cabbage blowing method, uniform

bahiagrass, 'Pensacola' bluegrass bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, rough calibration samples

Atriplex canescens storage and germination

Atriplex gardneri germination impermeable seed coats

grama, side-outs orchardgrass

bluegrass, Canada uniform blowing method

bluegrass, Kentucky uniform blowing method

Atriplex polycarpa storage and germination

bacteria seed-borne

bacterial brown spot bean, field and garden

bacterial leafspot disease of zinnia

bacterial wilt bean, field and garden

bahiagrass germination pure seed definition

bahiagrass, 'Argentine'

dormancy germination referee germination test duration storage uniform blowing method

bluegrass, rough uniform blowing method

bluestem, big uniform classification

bluestem, little purity uniform classification

germination bahiagrass, 'Pensacola'

uniform blowing method


bluestem, sand uniform classification

bluestem, yellow uniform classification

committee reports bean seed germination

boron germination effect of

Bromus spp. classification

buffalograss uniform classification

by-laws provisions of

cabbage blackleg or dry rot disease

bibliography

browse, shrub and forb

budget

cantaloupe seed storage

carrot germination

CASAS CAST

laboratory automation peanut conductivity test seedling length measurement

Cassia armata storage and germination

cell wall components

certificati~n of analysts

constitution Atriplex gardneri

centipedegrass germination

Ceratoides lanata cultivar purity storage and germination

Chysothamnus nauseosus storage and germination

classification, uniform range grasses

editorial

clover, red germination

cold test corn executive secretary

flower Colletotrichum lindemuthianum anthracnose of beans

committee reports accreditation of laboratories

ad hoc, for uniform classification

administrative procedures germination and dormancy

grass fungal endophyte handbook audit

indexing


Committee reports legislative

liaison

meeting place

membership

merit award

moisture content

necrology

newsletter

nomenclature

nominations

program

public service

public service and archives

range grass

Committee reports rangegrass (cont.)

recommended test reporting red/hard fescue

referee

research

research funding

resolutions

rules

science education editor

seed pathology

seed standardization

seedling evaluation

symposium

teaching and training

tetrazolium and biochemical

220 JOURNAL O F SEED TECHNOLOGY

Committee reports tetrazolium and biochemical tree and shrub

corn, sweet endogenous inhibitors roll towel germination test

Co ynebacterium fascians disease of sweet-pea

Co ynebacterium flaccumfacens bacterial wilt of beans uniform purity report form

uniform test report vigor

cotton germination

Texas cool test vigor vigor test

cotyledon cracking beans, garden

cotyledon expansion squash

cowpea germination seedling evaluation

crownvetch

seedling evaluation committees of AOSA

1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85

common bacterial blight bean, field and garden

germination

cultivar identification soybean

cutting test computer software

BASIC bibliography database

QSeed computerized seed analysis

CASAS

rule change, tree and shrub species

dallisgrass ergotized caryopses pure seed definition

density, seed separation method

Dimorphotheca germination and dormancy methods

dodder rule proposal

dormancy Amelanchie~ alnifolia bluegrass, Kentucky johnsongras pine, loblolly Rhus trilobata

dormancy-breaking methods

peanut conditioning, seed

magnetic conductivity test

ASA-610 bean, field and garden imbibition injury peanut pine seed

constitution incorporation as non-profit corporation

provisions of corn

cold test

acid scarification banzyladenine gibberellic acid potassium nitrate stratification thiorurea

dormant seed definition, rule change

defoliation effect on seed quality


dropseed, sand uniform classification

dues annual, AOSA

fluorescence test fescue, red/hard ryegrass

forest regeneration biotechnology

Fusarium watermelon

fuscous blight bean, field and garden

fusicoccin sugarbeet germination

garlic, wild rule change

electrophoresis bean, garden ryegrass, annual and perennial

embrvo excision test rule change

emergence effect of planting technique

Encelia virginensis gel fluid sowing

geranium germination of scarified seed

germiantion media woodchip-newspaper mulch

germination rate index seedling vigor

gibberellic acid pepper emergence rule change sugarbeet germination tomato emergence

globulin squash

storage and germination endophyte

detection method, rule change

legislation tall fescue

enzyme activity squash germination

Ephedra neoadensis storage and germination

Ephedra viridis storage and germination

equipment, planting effect on emergence

Eriogonum fasciculatum storage and germination

grama, blue purity and germination referee

uniform classification grama, side-oats

uniform blowing method uniform classification

Grayia spinosa storage and germination

growth promoters

halo biight bean, field bean, field and garden

hard seed rule change

fasciation bacterial disease of sweet

fescue, red/hard fluorescence test

fescue, tall

pea 9(1):5

endophyte germination varieties

fir, noble germination

fir, Pacific silver germination

flatpea hard and swollen seed

fluid sowing field emergence gel formulations

Hymenoclea salsola storage and germination

hypocotyl soybean

pepper tomato


imbibition injury multiple unit procedure (cont.) wheatgrasses, tall and western

conductivity test soybean

index Journal of Seed Technology

1976-80 Proceedings 1960-1975

indiangrass, yellow uniform classification

Zsomeris arborea storage and germination

nematodes seed-borne

noxious weed exams working weight

officers of AOSA 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85

onion bloat disease seed production seed-borne fungi

onion. wild

johnsongrass acid scarification

germination kinetin

sugarbeet germination labeling

lawngrass seed Larrea tridentata

rule change

storage and germination leek

orchardgrass uniform blowing method

Origanum spp. magnetic conditioning Lepidium fiemontii

storage and germination Lepidospartum squumatum

germination pathological testing

bean, field methods storage and germination

lespedeza, sericea germination

lettuce Pseudomonas phaseolicola tree seeds

pathology, seed annotated bibliography

peanut conductivity test germination seed treatments

pepper emergence and growth germination

bioassay for toxins lettuce mosaic virus seed density seedling evaluation

Lycium andersonii storage and germination

Lycium cooperi storage and germination

mlnutes 1981 annual meeting 1982 annual meeting 1983 annual meeting 1984 annual meeting 1985 annual meeting

perlite corn cold test

phenol reaction wheat

Phoma lingam blackleg of crucifers

phosphoric acid growth promoter

pine conductivity test

moisture content determination

moisture stress soybean quality

multiple unit procedure rule change

pathological testing


pine, loblolly ryegrass electrophoresis of a1 and perennial

fluorescence test ryegrass, perennial

fluorescence germination

Salzaria mexicana

germination Poa glauca

germination Poa spp.

identification referee

nnual

Polygonum spp. identification

prechilling tree seeds

storage and germination scarification

rule change, tree and shrub species

scarification, acid

pregerminated seed tomato

prehydration soybean

presidential address 1981 annual meeting 1982 annual meeting 1983 annual meeting 1984 annual meeting 1985 annual meeting

bahiagrass

johnsongrass Secretary's report

1981 annual meeting 1982 annual meeting 1983 annual meeting 1984 annual meeting 1985 annual meetinp

seed-borne diseases bacterial detection

pretreatment magnetic conditioning of lec soybean prehydration sugarbeet germination

Prunus andersonii storage and germination

Pseudomonas phaseolicola halo blight of beans

Pseudomonas syringae bacterial diseases of beans

Pythium

detection methods seedling evaluation

AOSA and ISTA differenc cowpea frost-damaged wheat handbook soybean

Setaria spp. identification

shrub

corn cold test QSeed

computer software radiation

germination response seed treatment

range grass uniform classification

desert species seed storage

soil crusting emergence

Solanaceae recalcitrant seeds

preservation of report, seet test

committee recommendation research

AOSA goals Rhus trilobata

germination and dormancy rhythms, endogenous

identification referee Sorghum spp.

identification referee sorghum

germination storage conditions

soybean accelerated aging

germination cultivar identification germination rules, seed testing

Rumex spp. identification

224 JOURNAL O F SEED TECHNOLOGY

soybean (cont.) germination substrata hypocotyl imbibition injury

tomato emergence and growth fluid sowing pregerminated seed tobacco masaic virus

training seed analysts

Treasurer's report 1981 annual meeting 1982 annual meeting 1983 annual meeting 1984 annual meeting 1985 annual meeting

moisture stress prehydration seedling evaluation

vigor referee vigor testing

spinach, New Zealand germination

squash cotyledon expansion enzyme activity during

treatment, seed effect on wheat germinal peanut germination

tree seeds germination

germination protein degradation

storage conditions effect on germination sorghum

pathological testing prechilling seed density

Trifolium spp. identification referee

uniform blowing method see: blowing method, uniform

uniform classification

storage bluegrass, Kentucky cantaloupe seed recalcitrant seeds seed longevity shrub seed sweetclover

stratification fir tree seed pine, loblolly

sugarbeets germination

sweetclover chemical test germination hard seed

range grasses turfgrasses, crop vs. noxious

variety testing survey of methods wheat

variety bean, field

vigor testing corn storage

switchgrass uniform classification cotton

germination rate index methods soybean

tetrazolium test contribution of Dr. R. P. Moore

rule change subcommittee report survey

Texas cool test cotton cotton seed vigor

vegetable seed watermelon

Fusarium infection wheat

germination

thermogradient plate germination of loblolly pine

tolerances endophyte test hard seed noxious weed seed phenol variety test


wheat (cont.) seed Jenslty seedling evaluation

wheatgrass, tall multiple unit procedure

wheatgrass, western multiple unit procedure

Xanthomonas campestris bacterial diseases of beans

Xanthomonas campestris (cont.) 7(1):78 bacterialleafspot of zinnia 9(1):5 8(1):81 disease of crucifers 9(1):4

Yucca brevifolia 8(1):82 storage and germination 9(1):20

zinnia 8(1):82 Alternaria zinniae blight 9(1):3

bacterial leafspot 9(1):5 9(1):3

SECTION II - AUTHOR INDEX

Abbott, C. C.

Agrawal, P. K. Anderson, A. J. Anderson, R. L. Angle, Jr., R. L. Ashton. D.

Baskin, C. C.

Bass, L. N.

Berlage, A. G. Bittner, A. S. Bonner, F. T.

Brouwer, H. M. Brown, J. E. Brown, R. F. Bruce, J. Buckner, R. C. Burrus, 11, P. B. Burton, P. W. Campbell, W. F

Copeland, L. 0.

Dadlani, M. Danielson, R

Daum, D. R. ' Davidson, D. A . Ditmer, W. P.

Dobbins, S. D.

Edwards, D. G. W. Ellerbrock, L. A. Evenson, P. D. Fenderson, G.

Ferguson, J. M.


Funk, C. R. Garzonio, D. M. Glassman. S. B.

Grabe, D. F.

Graves, W. L Guerke, MI.

Gunn, C. R.

Hall, 0 . Hardin, E. E.

Hashim, 2. N. Huber, A. G. Jenkins, A. Jones, T. A. Karsky, 0 . L. Kay, B. L. Keys, R. D.

Kloth, R. H. Krishnan, P. Krugman, S. L. Kulik, M. M.

Lair, J.

Lambert, D. W.

Larsen, A. L.

Larsen, A. L. (cont.)

Lund, R. E. Maddox, J. R . Maguire, J. D. Margapuram, R. G. Martin, D. J. Martyn, R. D. Marx, R. K.

Mayer, D. G. Mayer, R. J. McCarthy, A. M. McDonald, Jr., M. B.

McLaughlin, R. McLean, B. T. Meadows, M. V. Meyr, A.

Mulder, J. C. Neal, C. A. Nees, L. W.

Nelson, J. M. Nelson, S. 0. Olson, E. Orzolek, M. D.

Patil, R. B. Payne, R. C.

Pergler, C. C. Pettibone, C. A. Phaneendranath, B. R. Pill, W. G. Pontins, L. T. Powell, A. A. Reusche, G. A.

Rice, W. N.


Roos, E. E. Saettler, A. W. Schultz, Q. E. Sciple, C. L.

Seif, R. D. Sharples, G. C. Singh, D. Spain, G. E.

Splittstoesser, W. E.

Stadt, S. J. Stanwood. P. C.

Steen, K. M. Stetson, L. E. Still, T. W.

Svik, D.

Tao, K-L. J.

Taylor, A. G.

TeKrony, D. M.

Toole, V. K. Trent, R. M.

Turner, T. Vasilas, B. L. Vaughn, W. R.

Vozzo, J. A.

Weber, G. P. Wiesner, L. E.

Works, D. W. Yaklich. R. W.


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