COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable diseases spread from one person to the other or from animal to person.

The spread or transfer can happen through air, blood, body fluids or contact with contaminated surfaces etc.,

Examples: cough, cold, HIV etc.,

METHODS OF TRANSMISSION

Direct transmission Indirect transmission

Communicable disease perpetuates with continuous transmission of infectious agent from person to person by two methods:

VARIOUS COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND THEIR MODE OF

TRANSFER

DISEASES

CholeraTyphoidJaundiceFluTuberculosisMalariaTetanus

MODE OF TRANSFER

Food and waterFood and waterFood and waterAirAirMosquito biteBite wound exposed to dust

DIRECT TRANSMISSIONSkin-skinMucous-mucousAcross placentaThrough breast milkSneeze-cough

INDIRECT TRANSMISSIONAir-borneVector-borneFood-borne Water-borne

TYPES OF PREVENTION

Primary preventionSecondary preventionTertiary prevention

PRIMARY PREVENTIONIncreasing the resistance of the hostInactivating the agentInterrupt the chain of the infectionRestricting the spread of infection -Isolation -Quarantine -Segregation -Personal surveillance

SECONDARY PREVENTIONActivities targeted at detecting disease at earliest possible time to: -begin treatment -Stop progression -protect the community

Examples of activities: case finding, health screening and health education

TERTIARY PREVENTIONAll measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities , minimize suffering caused by existing departures from good health and to promote the patients adjustment to irremediable conditions

Intervention-late pathogenesis stage

Modes of intervention: -Disability limitation -Rehabilitation