Journal #14 Militia – civilians serving as soldiers

Casualties – killed, injured, or captured soldiers

Backcountry – a thinly populated area between the coastal towns and the Appalachian Mountains

Pioneers – the first Europeans to settle the backcountry

Chapter 5: Conflicts in the Colonies

Bonus QuestionsWhat was the Great Awakening?

How did the Great Awakening affect society and politics?

Name one of the leaders of the Scientific Revolution

State 3 facts about Benjamin Franklin

Today’s Topics

5.1 – Trouble on the Frontier

5.2 – Consequences of the French and Indian War

King Phillip’s War

Metacomet was a main chief of the Wampanoag tribe, his father made a longstanding peace with the Pilgrims

Metacomet tried to live in peace with the English, buying English clothes and taking the English name Phillip

Eventually, with the Iroquois pushing his people from the west and the English pushing from the east, he fought back

The war between the Wampanoag and the English colonists is called King Phillip’s War

King Phillips WarBoth sides attacked each other’s settlements

600 settlers die along with 3,000 Indians

Metacomet is shot through the heart in Rhode Island

After his death, his head is mounted on the entrance to Fort Plymouth and his body was cut up and put in the trees – his head remains there for 20 years

Metacomet’s wife and children are sold into slavery in Bermuda

King Phillip’s WarSome Native groups helped the English fight

against Metacomet

French colonists traded and allied with the Algonquian people

English colonists traded and allied with the Iroquois league

Native Americans’ #1 goal was always independence

Conflicts with France In the late 1600s, France and England both

wanted control over Europe and North America

They fought a series of wars King William’s War – 1689 to 1697 Queen Anne’s War – 1702 to 1713

Spain and France vs. England Each side had Native American Allies

King George’s War – 1740s

Both sides were still competing for the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area in the 1750s

Conflicts With France

The English wanted the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes area for settlement

The French believed settlements would ruin their profitable trade with Indians in the area This trade was called The Middle Ground

The French build 3 forts to keep the English out

When the English start building forts along the Ohio River in 1754 – the French and Indian War began

The French and Indian War Begins

The French destroy an English fort and build Fort Duquesne

George Washington attempts to build another English fort and is forced to surrender

Fighting also began in Europe – that fighting is called the Seven Years’ War

The French and Indian WarThe British started off poorly – General

Edward Braddock tries to attack Fort Duquesne and is ambushed – 900 of his 1,400 men are killed

Eventually the British begin to win and in 1759 they capture Quebec – the capital of New France

Fighting continues until 1763 with the British winning most of the battles

The Treaty of Paris In 1763 the Treaty of Paris was the peace

treaty that ended the French and Indian (or Seven Years”) war

Britain gained land in this treaty, afterward they owned Canada and everything east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans

Britain also received Florida from SpainSpain now owned everything west of the

Mississippi River

The Treaty of Paris’ Effect on Native Americans

1. Native Americans were considered an enemy because many allied with the French (some allied with England but that didn’t matter to most people)

2. Native Americans lost the power to play countries off of one another (play-off politics)

3. The British now felt that they had the right to all Native lands east of the Mississippi River (formerly “owned” by France)

Consequences of the French and Indian War5.2

The Frontier Colonists set up most of the early settlements along

the eastern coast

To the west was a huge frontier

Europeans slowly moved west into this frontier, also called the backcountry

The people who moved into these areas were called pioneers

After the French and Indian War, settlers began moving west in greater numbers Many crossed the Appalachians into the Ohio River Valley Towns were small

Conflict in the Ohio River Valley After the Treaty of Paris, Britain replaced France as the

European power in the Ohio River Valley and in the Great Lakes

Unlike the French, the British want to build settlements

Native Americans begin to join together to resist the British

Chief PontiacOttawa ChiefLeader of Pontiac’s Rebellion

(1763 – 1766)A group of Indians attack British forts in

the Ohio River Valley/Great Lakes areaIn one month they capture or destroy 7

fortsThe Indians fail to take Fort Detroit and

Fort Pitt, two very important fortsIn 1766, Pontiac surrenders

The Proclamation of 1763 Fighting with Native Americans worried

British leaders who didn’t want more fighting or their trade disrupted

King George III signs the Proclamation of 1763 which banned the British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

It also called for those living in the Ohio River valley to “remove themselves from such settlements”

The Proclamation was difficult to enforce, many people disobeyed the law – this showed the colonists unhappiness with British attempts to control them