Journal #11Dissenters – people who disagree with

official opinions

Covenant – sacred agreement

Proprietors – owners

Get out your Vocab drawings and have them on your desk

Announcements Test Results (Class Averages)

2nd Hour 76.1 – 5 yards 4th Hour 72.7 1st Hour 70.6

If test scores do not go up on the written section you will lose the privilege of your review sheet

The Colonies from New England to Georgia

Bonus Questions

Who were the Pilgrims? What was their first ship? Where did they land?

What were the 3 problems with the Jamestown settlement?

How did Jamestown finally become profitable (make money)?

The Great Migration England experiences an economic downturn in the

1620s

At the same time the Church of England starts to punish Puritans for being dissenters

These problems led to the Great Migration Between 1630 and 1640 over 40,000 English emigrants moved

overseas Mostly to the Caribbean and New England

The Massachusetts Bay Colony

In 1629, a group of Puritans and merchants plan a Puritan colony

They land in Massachusetts in 1630 led by John Winthrop

The Puritans

Were well prepared to start their colony They brought lots of tools and livestock They could trade with Plymouth A healthier climate than Virginia

By the end of 1630 over 1,000 men, women, and children came to New England Towns: Salem, Mystic, Newton, Watertown, and

the main city and capital Boston

Government in New England

Puritan governments were closely linked to the church – only male church members could vote

In 1636, a minister named Thomas Hooker decided to leave Massachusetts to found Connecticut

Thomas Hooker In 1639 he helped write the

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which made Connecticut’s government more democratic

“The father of American democracy” – His ideas include Voting rights for a larger group of

people A government that must answer to

the people To set limitations on power through

elections

Daily Life and Customs

Centered on religion, everyone attended church – 2 sermons every Sunday

Life was much more stable than in Virginia Most people in Virginia were wealthy or poor while

people in New England were usually in between People in New England grew crops to eat not to

sell, they didn’t need as many workers (slaves) Family was important Education was more important in New England,

most could read (Harvard was founded in 1636)

Dissent in Massachusetts

Not all Puritans agreed on everything

Roger Williams did not agree with the leadership of Massachusetts or like that the colony took land from Native Americans

Williams is forced to leave for spreading “diverse, new, and dangerous opinions,” he starts his own colony called Providence (later Rhode Island) based upon 2 principles1. Religious tolerance as long as it is

separate from government2. Fair dealings with Native Americans

Dissent in Massachusetts In Boston, Anne

Hutchinson angered the Puritan leaders by publicly discussing her “radical” ideas

Hutchinson is forced out of the colony and starts her own colony (Portsmouth)

The Salem Witch TrialsWhen: In the early 1690s

What: A series of trials in which young girls accused women of casting spells on them

Why: This led to 19 women being put to death, many church leaders later regretted their actions

The Southern and Middle Colonies3.4

Maryland Many English Catholics came

to America to escape religious persecution

In 1632 Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore was given a charter to found a new colony He was a proprietor he did not

go to this colony

The colony is a refuge for English Catholics – it is named Maryland after Queen Henrietta Maria

Maryland

Was located just north of Virginia in the Chesapeake Bay area

Protestants begin moving to Maryland in the 1640s – conflict arises

To reduce tension, Lord Baltimore gets the Toleration Act of 1649 passed It makes restricting religious rights a crimeOne of the first laws supporting religious tolerance

The Carolinas In 1663 King Charles II gave the land between Virginia

and Spanish Florida to 8 men

They called it Carolina – which is a Latin form of Charles

Because the area was too big to govern, it is split into two colonies in 1712 – North and South

The Carolinas

North Carolina had few plantations

Rice production in South Carolina required a lot of labor By 1730 there are 20,000 slaves and 10,000 free

whites It is the only colony with more slaves than whites

The British government buys North and South Carolina from proprietors in the early 1700s

The Diversity of New York and New Jersey

The Dutch originally founded New Netherland on Manhattan Island in 1613

Cheap land and religious tolerance brought Jews, French, Puritans and others to New Netherland

In 1664, the English took control of new Netherland and renamed it New York

The fur trade and wheat production were important to the economy

New Jersey

Was created in 1664 between the Hudson and Delaware rivers

It also had a diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

Pennsylvania

Quakers were one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey They rejected formal religious practices Believed in nonviolence and religious tolerance

Because of their beliefs they were persecuted in England and in the colonies

William Penn Was a Quaker from New Jersey

He wanted to establish a larger colony that would be a safe home for Quakers, he helps to establish Pennsylvania in 1681

Pennsylvania grew rapidly because of its fair laws and low land prices

Penn named the capital of his colony Philadelphia, or the city of brotherly love.

He laid out the city himself in a checkerboard pattern that became a model for future city planners

Penn bought Delaware in 1682, it was part of Pennsylvania until 1776

Georgia

In 1732 King George II granted a charter to establish a colony between South Carolina and Spanish Florida James Oglethorpe was its founder The King wanted this colony to be a shield between the English and

Spanish colonies

This colony was for poor English citizens including some who had been in jail for unpaid debts

Oglethorpe and 120 others found Savannah, GA on the coast in 1733

Originally Oglethorpe outlawed slavery to avoid large plantations with wealthy land owners

In 1752 Georgia became a royal colony and was soon filled with large rice plantations and thousands of slaves