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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in the Monitoring Mechanism Framework

Adrian Leip, Joint Research Centre

Inventory and Projections Experts Workshop under Working Group I and Working Group II of the

EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Committee

27th – 28th February, 2003

EEA, Copenhagen

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Outline

Open questions - two examples

Goals of this workshop

Data Quality

Agriculture in EU-15

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Data Quality Assessment and Control – Criteria

Timeliness

Completeness

Consistency

Transparency

Comparability

Accuracy

Precision

CO

MP

LE

XIT

Y

FE

AS

IBIL

ITY

HIE

RA

CH

ICA

L L

EV

EL

Verification

JOINTRESEARCHCENTRE

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Timeliness

Com

plet

enes

s

Transparency

Compa

rabi

lity

Verification

Precision

Acc

urac

y

Inventory System – Data Quality Aspects

MSETC/ACC-

EEA

JRC

EUROSTAT

IPC

C / R

esearch / MS

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Data Quality – Role of this workshop

transparency / comparability:

learn about the methods used in the national inventories

evaluate comparability of the methods used

point on inconsistencies and unexplainable differences

accuracy / precision

discuss advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies

for national and EU inventories

to be able to account for mitigation measures

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6 7

219

4. Agriculture

5. LUCF

6. Waste

N2O

108168

3

4. Agriculture

5. LUCF

6. Waste

CH4

Anthropogenic biogenic GHG emissions in Europe(2002 submissions)

Agricultural soils: 87%

Enteric

Fermentation:

78%

Total GHG emissions (2000): 4000 Tg CO2-eq.

Share of agriculture on total emissions: 10%

Share of biogenic emissions: 520 Tg CO2-eq. (13%)69% of N2O are biogenic

82% of CH4 are biogenic

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CH4 sectoral CH4 emissions4. Agriculture A. Enteric Fermentation 1133436. Waste A. Solid Waste Disposal on Land 558294. Agriculture B. Manure Management 377481B. Energy - Fugitive Emissions from Fuels2. Oil and Natural Gas 228071B. Energy - Fugitive Emissions from Fuels1. Solid Fuels 138571Energy - A. Fuel Combustion (Sectoral Approach) 114916. Waste B. Wastewater Handling 47425. Land-Use Change and Forestry(1) 21136. Waste D. Other 13966. Waste C. Waste Incineration 4834. Agriculture C. Rice Cultivation 4744. Agriculture D. Agricultural Soils(2) 147

EU

-15

AU

BE

DK

FI

FR

DE

GR

IE IT LU

NE

PT

ES

SE

UK

38% 42% 41% 49% 54% 45% 52% 76% 67% 40% 36% 49% 34%29% 35% 25% 21% 29% 22% 19% 12% 10% 33% 26% 34% 28%10% 10% 17% 16% 10% 16% 15% 11% 9% 14% 21% 10% 17%

8% 5% 8% 12% 4% 6% 11% 1% 8% 9% 6% 7% 10%

6% 3% 3% 1% 2% 3% 3% 1% 5% 4% 3% 0% 4%

4% 3% 3% 1% 0% 3% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 0% 4%

2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2%

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N2O sectoral emissions4. Agriculture D. Agricultural Soils(2) 1660711A. Energy - A. Fuel Combustion (Sectoral Approach) 436302. Industrial Processes 392104. Agriculture B. Manure Management 153665. Land-Use Change and Forestry(1) 56376. Waste B. Wastewater Handling 38693. Solvent and Other Product Use 33957. Other (please specify) 11846. Waste C. Waste Incineration 3194. Agriculture - F. Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 3111B. Energy - Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 52

EU

-15

AU

BE

DK

FI

FR

DE

GR

IE IT LU

NE

PT

ES

SE

UK

60% 48% 41% 86% 47% 64% 57% 72% 95% 43% 59% 58% 61%16% 23% 35% 9% 27% 14% 17% 16% 4% 41% 22% 26% 20%14% 13% 20% 5% 18% 9% 11% 7% 1% 7% 7% 7% 13%

6% 12% 2% 0% 5% 7% 11% 6% 0% 5% 5% 6% 3%2% 4% 1% 0% 2% 4% 3% 0% 0% 1% 4% 2% 3%1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0%1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0%

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CH4

Fluxes in agricultural systems

ANIMAL

HOUSING/STORAGE

GRAZING

CH4NH3

N2OCH4

NH3NO

N2O

WATER

N2OCH4

FERT.

SOIL

N2OCH4

SOIL

flow of organic C and N

emission of C and N gases

deposition of N gases

flow of mineral N

agricultural system

OTHER

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Enteric fermentation – background information

subcategories - where to put in CRF?

country-specific emission factors ?

Dairy Non-dairy

AT 101 52.6

BE

DK 104 37

FI 114 42.1

FR 103 51.6

DE 100 48

GR 81 56

IE 100 50

IT 113 50

LU

NL 81 45

PT 100 48

ES 106 59.4

SE 127 56.5

GB 117 42.9

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Submission 2002 for 1997 (EC-IR):

6435 Gg CH4135135 Gg CO2-eq

in 2000, 83% of emissions were “cattle”:

5341 Gg CH4112162 Gg CO2-eq

IPCC sub-category EuroFarm classCalves on milk Bovine animals under 1 year oldCalves on forage Bovine animals 1-2 years oldMature males Bovine animals 2 year old and over, maleDairy cattle Dairy cowsReplacement/growing Bovine animals 2 year old and over, heifers and other cows

CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation [Gg CO2-eq]

NUTS 3 level

EuroFarm disaggregation using Corine Landcover classes “grassland” and “pasture”

EUROSTAT (EuroFarm) Livestock Data:

a) EFs from 2003 submissions:113021 Gg CO2-eq

b) IPCC Tier 1 (Dairy/non-dairycattle):

109750 Gg CO2-eq

c) IPCC Tier 1 excluding calves < 1 year:84929 Gg CO2-eq

d) IPCC Tier 2:93132 Gg CO2-eq

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Methane uptake rates in Europe(Boeckx & van Cleemput, 2001)

grassland arable land forest

0.57 0.35 0.97 mg CH4 m-2 d-1

CH4 fluxes from agricultural soils

No background information

Reduced capability of arable soils to act as a sink for CH4 ?

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Direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils

variations cannot be explained by input of nitrogen only:

land use history

application technique

organic carbon, ....

variability in caused by the local weather

EF of 1.25% too high?

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N2O emissions from agricultural soils – “background emissions”

two MS have included an emission of N2O from agricultural soils due to cultivation of mineral soils of 0.5 kg N2O-N ha-1 year-1

factoring-out of anthropogenic induced background emissions ?

additional information required to determine level (land-use history) ?

modelling !!

16%

23%

30%

30%

1%

Synthetic fertitizer

Animal waste application

N-fixing crops

Crop residue

Background29%

46%

1%24%NL

SE

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Conclusions

there are manyquestions ..