Joint Anatomy Connected to another bone Hold skeleton together Allow flexibility

FIBROUS JOINTS Immovable Ex. Suture –

connective tissue that connects bones of the skull

Cartilaginous Joints Slightly movable Symphysis –

flattened disks joining bony surfaces.

Ex. Pubic symphysis and intervetebral disks

SYNOVIAL JOINTS Great degree of movement Parts of:

Synovial sac – filled with synovial fluid Tendons and ligaments Meisci – cresent shaped cartilage Bursae – fluid filled sacs to ease

friction between tendons, ligaments and bones

Synovial Joints: General Structure

Types of Synovial Joints Gliding –

articulating surfaces are flat

                                                   

Hinge joints Elbow, knee, Permit movement

back and forth.

                  

Pivot Joint Axis and atlas Movement –

rotation around an axis

Ball and socket joint Hips and

shoulders Most movement

Synovial Joint Movements Flexion

Bending, decrease angle of a joint Extension

Extension – straightening, increase angle of joint

Abduction vs adduction Abduction –

moving away from midline

Adduction – moving toward midline

Plantar Flexion vs. dorsiflexion

Pointing toe Dorsiflexion– toes point up.

Circumduction Moving in a

circular manner

Invert vs. Evert Inversion –

turning inward Eversion – turning

outward

Special MovementsSupination and Pronation – refer to movements of radius around the ulna (also applied to foot movements)

Special Movements Inversion and Eversion

Protraction and Retraction

Knee - hinge joint

Knee Injury – ACL repair

Harvest piece of patellar tendon

Drill hole for new graft

Actual ACL Surgery

http://orthopedics.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthroscopy.com%2Fsp05018.htm

ACL injuries occur Changing direction rapidly Slowing down when running Landing from a jump Direct contact, such as in a football

tackle

Knee replacement